{"id":"CVE-2025-21722","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"f39f59bcba7f4e9b9c64ab830db09d24","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2025-21722","aliases":[],"title":"nilfs2: do not force clear folio if buffer is referenced","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnilfs2: do not force clear folio if buffer is referenced\n\nPatch series \"nilfs2: protect busy buffer heads from being force-cleared\".\n\nThis series fixes the buffer head state inconsistency issues reported by\nsyzbot that occurs when the filesystem is corrupted and falls back to\nread-only, and the associated buffer head use-after-free issue.\n\n\nThis patch (of 2):\n\nSyzbot has reported that after nilfs2 detects filesystem corruption and\nfalls back to read-only, inconsistencies in the buffer state may occur.\n\nOne of the inconsistencies is that when nilfs2 calls mark_buffer_dirty()\nto set a data or metadata buffer as dirty, but it detects that the buffer\nis not in the uptodate state:\n\n WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 6049 at fs/buffer.c:1177 mark_buffer_dirty+0x2e5/0x520\n fs/buffer.c:1177\n ...\n Call Trace:\n \n nilfs_palloc_commit_alloc_entry+0x4b/0x160 fs/nilfs2/alloc.c:598\n nilfs_ifile_create_inode+0x1dd/0x3a0 fs/nilfs2/ifile.c:73\n nilfs_new_inode+0x254/0x830 fs/nilfs2/inode.c:344\n nilfs_mkdir+0x10d/0x340 fs/nilfs2/namei.c:218\n vfs_mkdir+0x2f9/0x4f0 fs/namei.c:4257\n do_mkdirat+0x264/0x3a0 fs/namei.c:4280\n __do_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4295 [inline]\n __se_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4293 [inline]\n __x64_sys_mkdirat+0x87/0xa0 fs/namei.c:4293\n do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]\n do_syscall_64+0xf3/0x230 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\n\nThe other is when nilfs_btree_propagate(), which propagates the dirty\nstate to the ancestor nodes of a b-tree that point to a dirty buffer,\ndetects that the origin buffer is not dirty, even though it should be:\n\n WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 5245 at fs/nilfs2/btree.c:2089\n nilfs_btree_propagate+0xc79/0xdf0 fs/nilfs2/btree.c:2089\n ...\n Call Trace:\n \n nilfs_bmap_propagate+0x75/0x120 fs/nilfs2/bmap.c:345\n nilfs_collect_file_data+0x4d/0xd0 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:587\n nilfs_segctor_apply_buffers+0x184/0x340 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:1006\n nilfs_segctor_scan_file+0x28c/0xa50 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:1045\n nilfs_segctor_collect_blocks fs/nilfs2/segment.c:1216 [inline]\n nilfs_segctor_collect fs/nilfs2/segment.c:1540 [inline]\n nilfs_segctor_do_construct+0x1c28/0x6b90 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:2115\n nilfs_segctor_construct+0x181/0x6b0 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:2479\n nilfs_segctor_thread_construct fs/nilfs2/segment.c:2587 [inline]\n nilfs_segctor_thread+0x69e/0xe80 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:2701\n kthread+0x2f0/0x390 kernel/kthread.c:389\n ret_from_fork+0x4b/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147\n ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244\n \n\nBoth of these issues are caused by the callbacks that handle the\npage/folio write requests, forcibly clear various states, including the\nworking state of the buffers they hold, at unexpected times when they\ndetect read-only fallback.\n\nFix these issues by checking if the buffer is referenced before clearing\nthe page/folio state, and skipping the clear if it is.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-02-27T02:07:30.387+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-21T12:35:56.141+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"Linux","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n \"product\": \"Linux\",\n \"vendor\": \"Linux\",\n \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\",\n \"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\n \"programFiles\": [\n \"fs/nilfs2/page.c\"\n ],\n \"versions\": [\n {\n \"version\": \"8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c\",\n \"lessThan\": \"7d0544bacc11d6aa26ecd7debf9353193c7a3328\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c\",\n \"lessThan\": \"4d042811c72f71be7c14726db2c72b67025a7cb5\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c\",\n \"lessThan\": \"f51ff43c4c5a6c8e72d0aca89e4d5e688938412f\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c\",\n \"lessThan\": \"19296737024cd220a1d6590bf4c092bca8c99497\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c\",\n \"lessThan\": \"8458c686d50a804611b97038dd6e75a474ac2221\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c\",\n \"lessThan\": \"1098bb8d52419d262a3358d099a1598a920b730f\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c\",\n \"lessThan\": \"557ccf5e49f1fb848a29698585bcab2e50a597ef\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"8c26c4e2694a163d525976e804d81cd955bbb40c\",\n \"lessThan\": \"ca76bb226bf47ff04c782cacbd299f12ddee1ec1\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n }\n ]\n }"},{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"Linux","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n \"product\": \"Linux\",\n \"vendor\": \"Linux\",\n \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\",\n \"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\n \"programFiles\": [\n \"fs/nilfs2/page.c\"\n ],\n \"versions\": [\n {\n \"version\": \"3.10\",\n \"status\": \"affected\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"0\",\n \"lessThan\": \"3.10\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"5.4.291\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.4.*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"5.10.235\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.10.*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"5.15.179\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.15.*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"6.1.129\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"6.6.160\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"6.12.13\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"6.13.2\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.13.*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"6.14\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\"\n }\n ]\n }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":7.8,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d0544bacc11d6aa26ecd7debf9353193c7a3328","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d042811c72f71be7c14726db2c72b67025a7cb5","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f51ff43c4c5a6c8e72d0aca89e4d5e688938412f","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/19296737024cd220a1d6590bf4c092bca8c99497","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8458c686d50a804611b97038dd6e75a474ac2221","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1098bb8d52419d262a3358d099a1598a920b730f","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/557ccf5e49f1fb848a29698585bcab2e50a597ef","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ca76bb226bf47ff04c782cacbd299f12ddee1ec1"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21722","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2025-21722","identifiers":["CVE-2025-21722"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all 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