{"id":"CVE-2025-21791","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"08e1fd945a9b4322856e0dfef1892008","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2025-21791","aliases":[],"title":"vrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out()","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out()\n\nl3mdev_l3_out() can be called without RCU being held:\n\nraw_sendmsg()\n ip_push_pending_frames()\n ip_send_skb()\n ip_local_out()\n __ip_local_out()\n l3mdev_ip_out()\n\nAdd rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock() pair to avoid\na potential UAF.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-02-27T02:18:29.014+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-15T01:04:25.82+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"Linux","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n \"product\": \"Linux\",\n \"vendor\": \"Linux\",\n \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\",\n \"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\n \"programFiles\": [\n \"include/net/l3mdev.h\"\n ],\n \"versions\": [\n {\n \"version\": \"a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539\",\n \"lessThan\": \"6ccaa5797f5362a2aad6baa6ddaf4715ac2dd51e\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539\",\n \"lessThan\": \"20a3489b396764cc9376e32a9172bee26a89dc3b\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539\",\n \"lessThan\": \"5bb4228c32261d06e4fbece37ec3828bcc005b6b\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539\",\n \"lessThan\": \"c7574740be8ce68a57d0aece24987b9be2114c3c\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539\",\n \"lessThan\": \"c40cb5c03e37552d6eff963187109e2c3f78ef6f\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539\",\n \"lessThan\": \"022cac1c693add610ae76ede03adf4d9d5a2cf21\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539\",\n \"lessThan\": \"7b81425b517accefd46bee854d94954f5c57e019\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539\",\n \"lessThan\": \"6d0ce46a93135d96b7fa075a94a88fe0da8e8773\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n }\n ]\n }"},{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"Linux","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n \"product\": \"Linux\",\n \"vendor\": \"Linux\",\n \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\",\n \"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\n \"programFiles\": [\n \"include/net/l3mdev.h\"\n ],\n \"versions\": [\n {\n \"version\": \"4.9\",\n \"status\": \"affected\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"0\",\n \"lessThan\": \"4.9\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"5.4.291\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.4.*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"5.10.235\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.10.*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"5.15.179\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.15.*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"6.1.129\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"6.6.79\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"6.12.16\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"6.13.4\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.13.*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"6.14\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\"\n }\n ]\n }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":7.8,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6ccaa5797f5362a2aad6baa6ddaf4715ac2dd51e","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/20a3489b396764cc9376e32a9172bee26a89dc3b","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5bb4228c32261d06e4fbece37ec3828bcc005b6b","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c7574740be8ce68a57d0aece24987b9be2114c3c","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c40cb5c03e37552d6eff963187109e2c3f78ef6f","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/022cac1c693add610ae76ede03adf4d9d5a2cf21","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b81425b517accefd46bee854d94954f5c57e019","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d0ce46a93135d96b7fa075a94a88fe0da8e8773"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21791","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2025-21791","identifiers":["CVE-2025-21791"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all 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Missing entries do not establish absence of exploitation.","generation":"2026-11-09T19:02:11.0282238+00:00","complete":true,"records":1772,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T19:02:11.0282238+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T19:02:11.2511726+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T19:02:11.2511728+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"cve-program","scope":"Official CVE Program baseline and cumulative hourly delta; all vendors, published and rejected records","generation":"cve-24e6fde7b744113daefb8f6135035fb8a5c69c9617c9c0d40574a0376532ffd3-da82b7f3c08c0a1c809bacbfac0a567c645c18f0205247304bfc7e4ee4c02653","complete":true,"records":421491,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T19:02:10.4293016+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T18:02:17.6122603+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T19:02:10.4293016+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-09T17:19:01+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"euvd","scope":"Rolling EUVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global EUVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-f1df18dfb77f437e9e2ee1dd548e1f15","complete":false,"records":13655,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T19:14:35.1855237+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T19:14:35.178+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T19:14:35.178+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13398,"expectedIdentifiers":13707,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"first-epss:nuget","scope":"FIRST EPSS for explicit CVE aliases in the collected public NuGet archive. Not a global EPSS backfill.","generation":"2026-11-09T19:02:11.0282238+00:00","complete":true,"records":1096,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T19:02:11.0282238+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T19:02:11.2551731+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T19:02:11.2551735+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"nvd","scope":"Rolling NVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global NVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. 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