{"id":"CVE-2025-38528","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"824fc7ac1ee64a80850aa7906cfb7c4f","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2025-38528","aliases":[],"title":"bpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers\n\nstatic const char fmt[] = \"%p%\";\n bpf_trace_printk(fmt, sizeof(fmt));\n\nThe above BPF program isn't rejected and causes a kernel warning at\nruntime:\n\n Please remove unsupported %\\x00 in format string\n WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 7244 at lib/vsprintf.c:2680 format_decode+0x49c/0x5d0\n\nThis happens because bpf_bprintf_prepare skips over the second %,\ndetected as punctuation, while processing %p. This patch fixes it by\nnot skipping over punctuation. %\\x00 is then processed in the next\niteration and rejected.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-08-16T11:12:21.667+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-15T21:52:18.869+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"Linux","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n \"product\": \"Linux\",\n \"vendor\": \"Linux\",\n \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\",\n \"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\n \"programFiles\": [\n \"kernel/bpf/helpers.c\"\n ],\n \"versions\": [\n {\n \"version\": \"48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915\",\n \"lessThan\": \"97303e541e12f1fea97834ec64b98991e8775f39\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915\",\n \"lessThan\": \"61d5fa45ed13e42af14c7e959baba9908b8ee6d4\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915\",\n \"lessThan\": \"e7be679124bae8cf4fa6e40d7e1661baddfb3289\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915\",\n \"lessThan\": \"6952aeace93f8c9ea01849efecac24dd3152c9c9\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915\",\n \"lessThan\": \"1c5f5fd47bbda17cb885fe6f03730702cd53d3f8\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915\",\n \"lessThan\": \"f8242745871f81a3ac37f9f51853d12854fd0b58\",\n \"status\": \"affected\",\n \"versionType\": \"git\"\n }\n ]\n }"},{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"Linux","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n \"product\": \"Linux\",\n \"vendor\": \"Linux\",\n \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\",\n \"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\n \"programFiles\": [\n \"kernel/bpf/helpers.c\"\n ],\n \"versions\": [\n {\n \"version\": \"5.13\",\n \"status\": \"affected\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"0\",\n \"lessThan\": \"5.13\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"5.15.190\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.15.*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"6.1.147\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"6.6.100\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"6.12.40\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"6.15.8\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.15.*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n },\n {\n \"version\": \"6.16\",\n \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\",\n \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\"\n }\n ]\n }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H","score":7.1,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/97303e541e12f1fea97834ec64b98991e8775f39","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/61d5fa45ed13e42af14c7e959baba9908b8ee6d4","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e7be679124bae8cf4fa6e40d7e1661baddfb3289","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6952aeace93f8c9ea01849efecac24dd3152c9c9","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1c5f5fd47bbda17cb885fe6f03730702cd53d3f8","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8242745871f81a3ac37f9f51853d12854fd0b58"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38528","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2025-38528","identifiers":["CVE-2025-38528"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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