{"id":"CVE-2025-61928","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"ccd41d63792b4f0a9c9da828aa7217ea","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2025-61928","aliases":[],"title":"Better Auth: Unauthenticated API key creation through api-key plugin","description":"Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. In versions prior to 1.3.26, unauthenticated attackers can create or modify API keys for any user by passing that user's id in the request body to the `api/auth/api-key/create` route. `session?.user ?? (authRequired ? null : { id: ctx.body.userId })`. When no session exists but `userId` is present in the request body, `authRequired` becomes false and the user object is set to the attacker-controlled ID. Server-only field validation only executes when `authRequired` is true (lines 280-295), allowing attackers to set privileged fields. No additional authentication occurs before the database operation, so the malicious payload is accepted. The same pattern exists in the update endpoint. This is a critical authentication bypass enabling full an unauthenticated attacker can generate an API key for any user and immediately gain complete authenticated access. This allows the attacker to perform any action as the victim user using the api key, potentially compromise the user data and the application depending on the victim's privileges. Version 1.3.26 contains a patch for the issue.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-10-09T21:24:37.541+00:00","modifiedAt":"2025-10-10T14:23:23.158+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"better-auth","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"better-auth\",\n                    \"product\": \"better-auth\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 1.3.26\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":9.3,"severity":"CRITICAL"}],"references":["https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/security/advisories/GHSA-99h5-pjcv-gr6v","https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/commit/556085067609c508f8c546ceef9003ee8c607d39"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61928","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2025-61928","identifiers":["CVE-2025-61928"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"20a48fa3aa894eb295a5ff1042315e1c","observedAt":"2026-11-07T03:27:35.85+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2025-33660","aliases":["CVE-2025-61928","GHSA-99h5-pjcv-gr6v"],"title":"Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. In versions prior to 1.3.26, unauthenticated attackers can create or modify API keys for any user by passing that user's id in the request body to the `api/auth/api-…","description":"Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. In versions prior to 1.3.26, unauthenticated attackers can create or modify API keys for any user by passing that user's id in the request body to the `api/auth/api-key/create` route. `session?.user ?? (authRequired ? null : { id: ctx.body.userId })`. When no session exists but `userId` is present in the request body, `authRequired` becomes false and the user object is set to the attacker-controlled ID. Server-only field validation only executes when `authRequired` is true (lines 280-295), allowing attackers to set privileged fields. No additional authentication occurs before the database operation, so the malicious payload is accepted. The same pattern exists in the update endpoint. This is a critical authentication bypass enabling full an unauthenticated attacker can generate an API key for any user and immediately gain complete authenticated access. This allows the attacker to perform any action as the victim user using the api key, potentially compromise the user data and the application depending on the victim's privileges. Version 1.3.26 contains a patch for the issue.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":9.3,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/security/advisories/GHSA-99h5-pjcv-gr6v","https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/commit/556085067609c508f8c546ceef9003ee8c607d39"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-33660","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"Oct 9, 2025, 9:24:37 PM","dateUpdated":"Oct 10, 2025, 2:23:23 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2025-33660","identifiers":["EUVD-2025-33660","CVE-2025-61928","GHSA-99h5-pjcv-gr6v"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"c4482f129e9a4e55b3f0abfde9b03716","observedAt":"2026-10-25T03:17:27.277+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2025-61928","aliases":[],"title":"Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. In versions prior to 1.3.26, unauthenticated attackers can create or modify API keys for any user by passing that user's id in the request body to the `api/auth/api-…","description":"Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. In versions prior to 1.3.26, unauthenticated attackers can create or modify API keys for any user by passing that user's id in the request body to the `api/auth/api-key/create` route. `session?.user ?? (authRequired ? null : { id: ctx.body.userId })`. When no session exists but `userId` is present in the request body, `authRequired` becomes false and the user object is set to the attacker-controlled ID. Server-only field validation only executes when `authRequired` is true (lines 280-295), allowing attackers to set privileged fields. No additional authentication occurs before the database operation, so the malicious payload is accepted. The same pattern exists in the update endpoint. This is a critical authentication bypass enabling full an unauthenticated attacker can generate an API key for any user and immediately gain complete authenticated access. This allows the attacker to perform any action as the victim user using the api key, potentially compromise the user data and the application depending on the victim's privileges. Version 1.3.26 contains a patch for the issue.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-10-09T22:15:32.817+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-19T16:10:00.26+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","score":9.3,"severity":"CRITICAL"}],"references":["https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/commit/556085067609c508f8c546ceef9003ee8c607d39","https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/security/advisories/GHSA-99h5-pjcv-gr6v"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61928","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Deferred","weaknesses":["CWE-285","CWE-306"],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"published":"2025-10-09T22:15:32.817","lastModified":"2026-10-19T16:10:00.260"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2025-61928","identifiers":["CVE-2025-61928"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"48a34424451046ffb7e377761c2c48fb","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-99h5-pjcv-gr6v","aliases":["CVE-2025-61928"],"title":"Better Auth: Unauthenticated API key creation through api-key plugin","description":"### **Summary**\n\nA critical authentication bypass was identified in the API key creation and update endpoints. An attacker could create or modify API keys for arbitrary users by supplying a victim’s user ID in the request body. Due to a flaw in how the authenticated user was derived, the endpoints could treat attacker-controlled input as an authenticated user object under certain conditions.\n\n### **Details**\n\nThe vulnerability originated from fallback logic used when determining the current user. When no session was present, the handler incorrectly allowed request-body data to populate the user context used for authorization decisions. Because server-side validation only executed when authentication was required, privileged fields were not properly protected. As a result, the API accepted unauthenticated requests that targeted other users.\n\nThis same pattern affected both the API key creation and update routes.\n\n### **Impact**\n\nUnauthenticated attackers could generate or modify API keys belonging to any user. This granted full authenticated access as the targeted user and, depending on the user’s privileges, could lead to account compromise, access to sensitive data, or broader application takeover.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-10-09T15:40:50+00:00","modifiedAt":"2025-12-09T17:46:14.760166+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"better-auth","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.3.26"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/security/advisories/GHSA-99h5-pjcv-gr6v","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61928","https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/commit/556085067609c508f8c546ceef9003ee8c607d39","https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-99h5-pjcv-gr6v","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-99h5-pjcv-gr6v","identifiers":["GHSA-99h5-pjcv-gr6v","CVE-2025-61928"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. Missing entries do not establish absence of exploitation.","generation":"2026-11-08T23:02:15.9754883+00:00","complete":true,"records":1769,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:15.9754883+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:16.1185375+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:16.1185396+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"cve-program","scope":"Official CVE Program baseline and cumulative hourly delta; all vendors, published and rejected records","generation":"cve-eaa64dac63caa79c8d4905619258c41c51b39e461b996124e1a21b5e85e7e738-0ee53194438b774350db8ba2be9961094a7945659f4bca5c09ae0ef23c2c3f0c","complete":true,"records":421267,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:15.4905694+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:15.4057062+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:15.4905694+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-08T22:18:37+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"euvd","scope":"Rolling EUVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global EUVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-64ec014845cf41e0b44c7812575dade1","complete":false,"records":13654,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-08T23:11:05.5177476+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-08T23:11:05.509+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-08T23:11:05.509+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13457,"expectedIdentifiers":13706,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"first-epss:nuget","scope":"FIRST EPSS for explicit CVE aliases in the collected public NuGet archive. Not a global EPSS backfill.","generation":"2026-11-08T23:02:15.9754883+00:00","complete":true,"records":1096,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:15.9754883+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:16.1192591+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:16.1192597+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"nvd","scope":"Rolling NVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global NVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-bbd1082fa13b4aff99c01e332b64e44f","complete":true,"records":13666,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:17.0620293+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:17.059+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:17.059+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13706,"expectedIdentifiers":13706,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"osv:Go","scope":"Complete OSV Go ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"go-980593e6977a6d1b4fb1eed5a1ffe88a468736f89f0a06f710924ad59132c023","complete":true,"records":9914,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:15.8370588+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-08T11:07:07.068788+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:15.8370588+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-08T11:02:46+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:NuGet","scope":"Complete OSV NuGet ecosystem archive, including GitHub Advisory Database records; NuGet version matching only","generation":"nuget-fde804134ecdda0ddd5ff5c26ee1fff5a6fa659311f7ef2e51c6ad54964db0e2","complete":true,"records":1971,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:15.64043+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-06T19:03:17.0399903+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:15.64043+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-06T18:17:57+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:crates.io","scope":"Complete OSV crates.io ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"crates.io-964c14035e6f0f6478b2870fad6a7ef9f6045876d4a12af2c2e514521e54b6af","complete":true,"records":3055,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:15.942926+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-08T11:07:12.1927025+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:15.942926+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-08T11:02:46+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:npm","scope":"Complete OSV npm ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"npm-f8647d7ba64b1ba0dfdc7130944766d5b36d5b77d18fff0c79e651a4cff3c2b9","complete":true,"records":231293,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:15.7372001+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-08T11:06:56.2918717+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-08T23:02:15.7372001+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-08T11:02:50+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null}]}