{"id":"CVE-2025-66031","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"e44b906a2db941f3b85556ce610f82ad","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2025-66031","aliases":[],"title":"node-forge ASN.1 Unbounded Recursion","description":"Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. An Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft deep ASN.1 structures that trigger unbounded recursive parsing. This leads to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) via stack exhaustion when parsing untrusted DER inputs. This issue has been patched in version 1.3.2.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-11-26T22:23:26.013+00:00","modifiedAt":"2025-11-28T18:27:06.242+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"forge","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"digitalbazaar\",\n                    \"product\": \"forge\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 1.3.2\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":8.7,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-554w-wpv2-vw27","https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/260425c6167a38aae038697132483b5517b26451"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-66031","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2025-66031","identifiers":["CVE-2025-66031"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"31ccf0eb96b04376b45261eb3f7b2ae1","observedAt":"2026-11-09T04:08:44.146+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2025-199767","aliases":["CVE-2025-66031","GHSA-554w-wpv2-vw27"],"title":"Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. An Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft deep AS…","description":"Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. An Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft deep ASN.1 structures that trigger unbounded recursive parsing. This leads to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) via stack exhaustion when parsing untrusted DER inputs. This issue has been patched in version 1.3.2.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":8.7,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-554w-wpv2-vw27","https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/260425c6167a38aae038697132483b5517b26451"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-199767","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"Nov 26, 2025, 10:23:26 PM","dateUpdated":"Nov 28, 2025, 6:27:06 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[{"id":"RHSA-2026:2568","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: RHACS 4.9.3 security and bug fix 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V4.0.800","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2024-29857","CVE-2024-30171","CVE-2024-30172","CVE-2024-41996","CVE-2025-6965","CVE-2025-7783","CVE-2025-9230","CVE-2025-9232","CVE-2025-9670","CVE-2025-12816","CVE-2025-15284","CVE-2025-58751","CVE-2025-58752","CVE-2025-58754","CVE-2025-62522","CVE-2025-64718","CVE-2025-64756","CVE-2025-66030","CVE-2025-66031","CVE-2025-66035","CVE-2025-66412","CVE-2025-69277","CVE-2026-22610"]},{"id":"RHSA-2025:22936","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: Kiali 1.73.25 for Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.6","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2025-12816","CVE-2025-64756","CVE-2025-66031"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:3710","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines Release 1.15.3","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2024-37890","CVE-2025-6545","CVE-2025-6547","CVE-2025-9287","CVE-2025-9288","CVE-2025-12816","CVE-2025-13465","CVE-2025-15284","CVE-2025-66031","CVE-2025-66506","CVE-2025-66564"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:5807","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: RHOAI 2.16.4 - Red Hat 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3.1","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2025-12816","CVE-2025-64756","CVE-2025-66031"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:0414","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: A Subscription Management tool for finding and reporting Red Hat product usage","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2024-5642","CVE-2025-4598","CVE-2025-6069","CVE-2025-6075","CVE-2025-8291","CVE-2025-9714","CVE-2025-12816","CVE-2025-15284","CVE-2025-45582","CVE-2025-59375","CVE-2025-59682","CVE-2025-61984","CVE-2025-61985","CVE-2025-64460","CVE-2025-64720","CVE-2025-64756","CVE-2025-65018","CVE-2025-66031","CVE-2025-66293","CVE-2025-66418"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:41944","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation 4.19.20 security, enhancement & bug fix 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update","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2025-12816","CVE-2025-13465","CVE-2025-15284","CVE-2025-66031","CVE-2025-68157","CVE-2025-68458","CVE-2025-69873","CVE-2026-4800","CVE-2026-22029","CVE-2026-25128","CVE-2026-25896","CVE-2026-26278","CVE-2026-26996","CVE-2026-27904","CVE-2026-27942","CVE-2026-29063","CVE-2026-33036","CVE-2026-33186","CVE-2026-33815","CVE-2026-33816","CVE-2026-34986","CVE-2026-48779"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:3874","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat OpenShift GitOps v1.18.4 security update","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2025-12816","CVE-2025-13465","CVE-2025-61726","CVE-2025-66031","CVE-2025-66418","CVE-2025-66471","CVE-2025-68121","CVE-2026-21441"]}],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2025-199767","identifiers":["EUVD-2025-199767","CVE-2025-66031","GHSA-554w-wpv2-vw27"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"97a188662a9146bd820ee3fa6b8f787a","observedAt":"2026-10-25T03:17:36.152+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2025-66031","aliases":[],"title":"Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. An Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft deep AS…","description":"Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. An Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft deep ASN.1 structures that trigger unbounded recursive parsing. This leads to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) via stack exhaustion when parsing untrusted DER inputs. This issue has been patched in version 1.3.2.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-11-26T23:15:49.397+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-18T20:10:00.11+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","score":8.7,"severity":"HIGH"},{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · nvd@nist.gov · Primary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/260425c6167a38aae038697132483b5517b26451","https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-554w-wpv2-vw27"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66031","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Analyzed","weaknesses":["CWE-674"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:digitalbazaar:forge:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2025-11-26T23:15:49.397","lastModified":"2026-10-18T20:10:00.110"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2025-66031","identifiers":["CVE-2025-66031"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"543d97492fa6494180494ebf2ef9b734","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-554w-wpv2-vw27","aliases":["CVE-2025-66031"],"title":"node-forge has ASN.1 Unbounded Recursion","description":"### Summary\n\nAn Uncontrolled Recursion (CWE-674) vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft deep ASN.1 structures that trigger unbounded recursive parsing. This leads to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) via stack exhaustion when parsing untrusted DER inputs.\n\n### Details\n\nAn ASN.1 Denial of Service (Dos) vulnerability exists in the node-forge `asn1.fromDer` function within `forge/lib/asn1.js`. The ASN.1 DER parser implementation (`_fromDer`) recurses for every constructed ASN.1 value (SEQUENCE, SET, etc.) and lacks a guard limiting recursion depth. An attacker can craft a small DER blob containing a very large nesting depth of constructed TLVs which causes the Node.js V8 engine to exhaust its call stack and throw `RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded`, crashing or incapacitating the process handling the parse. This is a remote, low-cost Denial-of-Service against applications that parse untrusted ASN.1 objects.\n\n### Impact\n\nThis vulnerability enables an unauthenticated attacker to reliably crash a server or client using node-forge for TLS connections or certificate parsing.\n\nThis vulnerability impacts the ans1.fromDer function in `node-forge` before patched version `1.3.2`. \n\nAny downstream application using this component is impacted. These components may be leveraged by downstream applications in ways that enable full compromise of availability.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-11-26T22:08:37+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-10T03:50:30.4749852+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"node-forge","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.3.2"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V4","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-554w-wpv2-vw27","https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/260425c6167a38aae038697132483b5517b26451","https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-554w-wpv2-vw27","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-554w-wpv2-vw27","identifiers":["GHSA-554w-wpv2-vw27","CVE-2025-66031"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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Not a global EUVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-52f0bd58a8564ba89a1952b43ef3bc92","complete":false,"records":13654,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T06:14:09.0160642+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T06:14:09.013+00:00","error":"8 identifier lookups failed; latest failures include HTTP 403. Other identifiers were checked independently.","lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T06:14:09.013+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13674,"expectedIdentifiers":13706,"failedIdentifiers":8},{"source":"first-epss:nuget","scope":"FIRST EPSS for explicit CVE aliases in the collected public NuGet archive. Not a global EPSS backfill.","generation":"2026-11-09T06:02:15.5744295+00:00","complete":true,"records":1096,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T06:02:15.5744295+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T06:02:15.8108397+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T06:02:15.81084+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"nvd","scope":"Rolling NVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global NVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. 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