{"id":"CVE-2025-68278","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"38e7b482dcee42049687893e97fe6238","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2025-68278","aliases":[],"title":"tinacms vulnerable to arbitrary code execution","description":"Tina is a headless content management system. In tinacms prior to version 3.1.1, tinacms uses the gray-matter package in an insecure way allowing attackers that can control the content of the processed markdown files, e.g., blog posts, to execute arbitrary code. tinacms version 3.1.1, @tinacms/cli version 2.0.4, and @tinacms/graphql version 2.0.3 contain a fix for the issue.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-12-18T15:27:21.403+00:00","modifiedAt":"2025-12-18T15:46:53.765+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"tinacms","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"tinacms\",\n                    \"product\": \"tinacms\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"tinacms < 3.1.1\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"@tinacms/cli < 2.0.4\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"@tinacms/graphql < 2.0.3\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P","score":7.3,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/tinacms/tinacms/security/advisories/GHSA-529f-9qwm-9628","https://github.com/tinacms/tinacms/commit/fa7c27abef968e3f3a3e7d564f282bc566087569"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-68278","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2025-68278","identifiers":["CVE-2025-68278"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"f98027b650a449029b4b248e69c696d8","observedAt":"2026-11-11T04:35:29.084+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2025-204304","aliases":["CVE-2025-68278","GHSA-529f-9qwm-9628"],"title":"Tina is a headless content management system. 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In tinacms prior to version 3.1.1, tinacms uses the gray-matter package in an insecure way allowing attackers that can control the content of the processed markdown files, e.g., blog posts, to execute arbitrary code. tinacms version 3.1.1, @tinacms/cli version 2.0.4, and @tinacms/graphql version 2.0.3 contain a fix for the issue.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-12-18T16:15:57.347+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-06T22:10:00.247+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","score":7.3,"severity":"HIGH"},{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · nvd@nist.gov · Primary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":8.8,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/tinacms/tinacms/commit/fa7c27abef968e3f3a3e7d564f282bc566087569","https://github.com/tinacms/tinacms/security/advisories/GHSA-529f-9qwm-9628"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68278","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Analyzed","weaknesses":["CWE-94"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:ssw:tinacms:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:ssw:tinacms\\/cli:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:ssw:tinacms\\/graphql:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2025-12-18T16:15:57.347","lastModified":"2026-10-06T22:10:00.247"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2025-68278","identifiers":["CVE-2025-68278"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"699957e565e7497ca75ee6995d0227ef","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-529f-9qwm-9628","aliases":["CVE-2025-68278"],"title":"tinacms is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution","description":"### Summary\n```tinacms``` uses the ```gray-matter``` package in an insecure way allowing attackers that can control the content of the processed markdown files, e.g., blog posts, to execute arbitrary code.\n\n### Details\nThe ```gray-matter``` package executes by default the code in the markdown file's front matter. ```tinacms``` does not change this behavior when process markdown file, e.g., by passing a custom engine property for js/javascript in the options object.\n\n### PoC\n1. Create a tinacms app using the cli/documentation: \n```\nnpx create-tina-app@latest\n```\n2. Modify one of the blog posts to contain the following front matter:\n```js\n---js\n{\n  \"title\": \"Pawned\" + console.log(require(\"fs\").readFileSync(\"/etc/passwd\").toString())\n}\n---\n```\n3. Start the tinacms server, e.g., with ```npm run dev```\n4. Observe the console of the server printing the password file, showing that attackers can execute arbitrary commands. \n\n### Impact\nRCE: attackers can execute arbitrary JavaScript code on the server hosting tinacms.\n\n### Feasibility\nPotential attack scenarios can be executed like this: Companies often have technical writers as contractors. These contractors produce md files, which they send over email or upload in a shared cloud folder. Developers download these files and upload them in ```tinacms```'s content folder. While this example might appear speculative or contrived, a general observation is that developers would be very surprised to find out that processing untrusted markdown files via ```tinacms``` = server-side code execution = complete machine take over. That is, ```tinacms``` users might not expect markdown files to contain anything else than data and ```gray-matter``` violates that assumption.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-12-18T18:45:41+00:00","modifiedAt":"2025-12-18T21:26:19.876044+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"tinacms","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"3.1.1"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"@tinacms/cli","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"2.0.4"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"@tinacms/graphql","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"2.0.3"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V4","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/tinacms/tinacms/security/advisories/GHSA-529f-9qwm-9628","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68278","https://github.com/tinacms/tinacms/commit/fa7c27abef968e3f3a3e7d564f282bc566087569","https://github.com/tinacms/tinacms"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-529f-9qwm-9628","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-529f-9qwm-9628","identifiers":["GHSA-529f-9qwm-9628","CVE-2025-68278"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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