{"id":"CVE-2026-104635","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"ba2b06f777d24b308893de275693a933","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-104635","aliases":[],"title":"Uncontrolled recursion in elixir-protobuf/protobuf JSON decoding of self-referential messages","description":"Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Protobuf.JSON.Decode in elixir-protobuf protobuf allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash the decoding process via a deeply nested JSON document. Any application that decodes attacker-supplied JSON with Protobuf.JSON.decode/3, Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3, or Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3 into a schema that contains a self-referential or cyclic message type is affected.\n\nIn lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex, the embedded-message clause of decode_singular/3 recurses into internal_from_json_data/3 once per nesting level without incrementing or checking the decoder's depth counter. The depth guard increase_depth_and_maybe_throw/1 covers only the Google.Protobuf.ListValue and Google.Protobuf.Struct clauses, so the recursion_limit option has no effect on user-defined message types. Each nesting level allocates a stack frame and heap objects, and a sufficiently deep document exhausts the memory of the decoding process. Confidentiality and integrity are not affected.\n\nThis issue affects protobuf: from 0.8.0 before 0.17.1.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-10-09T08:17:52.372+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-15T15:57:11.974+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"https://repo.hex.pm","name":"protobuf","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"collectionURL\": \"https://repo.hex.pm\",\n                    \"cpes\": [\n                        \"cpe:2.3:a:elixir-protobuf:protobuf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\"\n                    ],\n                    \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\",\n                    \"modules\": [\n                        \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode'\",\n                        \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON'\"\n                    ],\n                    \"packageName\": \"protobuf\",\n                    \"packageURL\": \"pkg:hex/protobuf\",\n                    \"product\": \"protobuf\",\n                    \"programFiles\": [\n                        \"lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex\",\n                        \"lib/protobuf/json.ex\"\n                    ],\n                    \"programRoutines\": [\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':from_json_data/3\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':decode_singular/3\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode/3\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode!/3\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':from_decoded/3\"\n                        }\n                    ],\n                    \"repo\": \"https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf\",\n                    \"vendor\": \"elixir-protobuf\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"lessThan\": \"0.17.1\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\",\n                            \"version\": \"0.8.0\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"},{"ecosystem":"https://github.com","name":"elixir-protobuf/protobuf","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"collectionURL\": \"https://github.com\",\n                    \"cpes\": [\n                        \"cpe:2.3:a:elixir-protobuf:protobuf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\"\n                    ],\n                    \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\",\n                    \"modules\": [\n                        \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode'\",\n                        \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON'\"\n                    ],\n                    \"packageName\": \"elixir-protobuf/protobuf\",\n                    \"packageURL\": \"pkg:github/elixir-protobuf/protobuf\",\n                    \"product\": \"protobuf\",\n                    \"programFiles\": [\n                        \"lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex\",\n                        \"lib/protobuf/json.ex\"\n                    ],\n                    \"programRoutines\": [\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':from_json_data/3\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':decode_singular/3\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode/3\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode!/3\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':from_decoded/3\"\n                        }\n                    ],\n                    \"repo\": \"https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf\",\n                    \"vendor\": \"elixir-protobuf\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"lessThan\": \"e9432ad1c4099511905353cebcececa3a1f7c3ff\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\",\n                            \"version\": \"b0a1d4eaffaf50012fa71a8e931a47cf252d0370\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"git\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":8.2,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-m497-c2h9-rvw6","https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-104635.html","https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-104635","https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/b0a1d4eaffaf50012fa71a8e931a47cf252d0370","https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/e9432ad1c4099511905353cebcececa3a1f7c3ff"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-104635","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-104635","identifiers":["CVE-2026-104635"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. Missing entries do not establish absence of exploitation.","generation":"2026-11-09T15:04:17.9226009+00:00","complete":true,"records":1769,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T15:04:17.9226009+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T15:04:18.1621362+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T15:04:18.1621395+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"cve-program","scope":"Official CVE Program baseline and cumulative hourly delta; all vendors, published and rejected records","generation":"cve-24e6fde7b744113daefb8f6135035fb8a5c69c9617c9c0d40574a0376532ffd3-777857808926e2a726f3d34c96aa6f2fd3a523fc0c567e8eb45c32df9990ab78","complete":true,"records":421467,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T16:02:15.9126814+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T16:02:15.8355527+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T16:02:15.9126814+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-09T15:23:15+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"euvd","scope":"Rolling EUVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global EUVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-1cda4ef84588402c81419af30caa5cf1","complete":false,"records":13655,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T15:16:31.927767+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T15:16:31.919+00:00","error":"9 identifier lookups failed; latest failures include HTTP 403. Other identifiers were checked independently.","lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T15:16:31.919+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13698,"expectedIdentifiers":13707,"failedIdentifiers":9},{"source":"first-epss:nuget","scope":"FIRST EPSS for explicit CVE aliases in the collected public NuGet archive. Not a global EPSS backfill.","generation":"2026-11-09T15:04:17.9226009+00:00","complete":true,"records":1096,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T15:04:17.9226009+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T15:04:18.1628494+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T15:04:18.1628497+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"nvd","scope":"Rolling NVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global NVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-122e73413fbf41e4b6ede4e4f5660885","complete":true,"records":13667,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T15:04:19.7498555+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T15:04:19.744+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T15:04:19.744+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13707,"expectedIdentifiers":13707,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"osv:Go","scope":"Complete OSV Go ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"go-980593e6977a6d1b4fb1eed5a1ffe88a468736f89f0a06f710924ad59132c023","complete":true,"records":9914,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T15:04:17.5233893+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-08T11:07:07.068788+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T15:04:17.5233893+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-08T11:02:46+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:NuGet","scope":"Complete OSV NuGet ecosystem archive, including GitHub Advisory Database records; NuGet version matching only","generation":"nuget-fde804134ecdda0ddd5ff5c26ee1fff5a6fa659311f7ef2e51c6ad54964db0e2","complete":true,"records":1971,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T16:02:16.0730731+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-06T19:03:17.0399903+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T16:02:16.0730731+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-06T18:17:57+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:crates.io","scope":"Complete OSV crates.io ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"crates.io-c905fa1bd26c7b261e77cc7202a86dc766ff31c2b096b501f3bf44f561e34970","complete":true,"records":3063,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T15:04:17.8913143+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T12:02:21.7931207+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T15:04:17.8913143+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-09T11:18:00+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:npm","scope":"Complete OSV npm ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"npm-c5775280c9de3927e2aad763cbfbebcc2ac79b903f8410c65ab9bc1096f5fa3d","complete":true,"records":231299,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T16:02:23.2773545+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T15:04:15.9950254+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T15:04:17.3926133+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-09T14:33:46+00:00","importing":true,"stagedRecords":231301,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null}]}