{"id":"CVE-2026-104635","revision":"ba2b06f777d24b308893de275693a933","records":[{"revision":"ba2b06f777d24b308893de275693a933","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-104635","aliases":[],"title":"Uncontrolled recursion in elixir-protobuf/protobuf JSON decoding of self-referential messages","description":"Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Protobuf.JSON.Decode in elixir-protobuf protobuf allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash the decoding process via a deeply nested JSON document. Any application that decodes attacker-supplied JSON with Protobuf.JSON.decode/3, Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3, or Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3 into a schema that contains a self-referential or cyclic message type is affected.\n\nIn lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex, the embedded-message clause of decode_singular/3 recurses into internal_from_json_data/3 once per nesting level without incrementing or checking the decoder's depth counter. The depth guard increase_depth_and_maybe_throw/1 covers only the Google.Protobuf.ListValue and Google.Protobuf.Struct clauses, so the recursion_limit option has no effect on user-defined message types. Each nesting level allocates a stack frame and heap objects, and a sufficiently deep document exhausts the memory of the decoding process. Confidentiality and integrity are not affected.\n\nThis issue affects protobuf: from 0.8.0 before 0.17.1.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-10-09T08:17:52.372+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-15T15:57:11.974+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"https://repo.hex.pm","name":"protobuf","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"collectionURL\": \"https://repo.hex.pm\",\n                    \"cpes\": [\n                        \"cpe:2.3:a:elixir-protobuf:protobuf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\"\n                    ],\n                    \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\",\n                    \"modules\": [\n                        \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode'\",\n                        \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON'\"\n                    ],\n                    \"packageName\": \"protobuf\",\n                    \"packageURL\": \"pkg:hex/protobuf\",\n                    \"product\": \"protobuf\",\n                    \"programFiles\": [\n                        \"lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex\",\n                        \"lib/protobuf/json.ex\"\n                    ],\n                    \"programRoutines\": [\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':from_json_data/3\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':decode_singular/3\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode/3\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode!/3\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':from_decoded/3\"\n                        }\n                    ],\n                    \"repo\": \"https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf\",\n                    \"vendor\": \"elixir-protobuf\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"lessThan\": \"0.17.1\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\",\n                            \"version\": \"0.8.0\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"},{"ecosystem":"https://github.com","name":"elixir-protobuf/protobuf","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"collectionURL\": \"https://github.com\",\n                    \"cpes\": [\n                        \"cpe:2.3:a:elixir-protobuf:protobuf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\"\n                    ],\n                    \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\",\n                    \"modules\": [\n                        \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode'\",\n                        \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON'\"\n                    ],\n                    \"packageName\": \"elixir-protobuf/protobuf\",\n                    \"packageURL\": \"pkg:github/elixir-protobuf/protobuf\",\n                    \"product\": \"protobuf\",\n                    \"programFiles\": [\n                        \"lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex\",\n                        \"lib/protobuf/json.ex\"\n                    ],\n                    \"programRoutines\": [\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':from_json_data/3\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':decode_singular/3\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode/3\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode!/3\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':from_decoded/3\"\n                        }\n                    ],\n                    \"repo\": \"https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf\",\n                    \"vendor\": \"elixir-protobuf\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"lessThan\": \"e9432ad1c4099511905353cebcececa3a1f7c3ff\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\",\n                            \"version\": \"b0a1d4eaffaf50012fa71a8e931a47cf252d0370\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"git\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":8.2,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-m497-c2h9-rvw6","https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-104635.html","https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-104635","https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/b0a1d4eaffaf50012fa71a8e931a47cf252d0370","https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/e9432ad1c4099511905353cebcececa3a1f7c3ff"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-104635","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-104635","identifiers":["CVE-2026-104635"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[]}