{"id":"CVE-2026-44004","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"3768e01677504e2ea87503b9b836d184","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-44004","aliases":[],"title":"vm2: Host Process OOM DoS via Buffer.alloc (Timeout Bypass)","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.0, sandboxed code can call Buffer.alloc() with an arbitrary size to allocate memory directly on the host heap. Because Buffer.alloc is a synchronous C++ native call, vm2's timeout option cannot interrupt it. A single request can exhaust host memory and crash the process with a FATAL ERROR: Reached heap limit. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.0.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-13T17:31:16.281+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-07T12:04:56.598+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"vm2","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"patriksimek\",\n                    \"product\": \"vm2\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 3.11.0\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-6785-pvv7-mvg7"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44004","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-44004","identifiers":["CVE-2026-44004"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"8ef5c08d40354f0190e45b3792f81ade","observedAt":"2026-11-07T09:37:50.298+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-30074","aliases":["CVE-2026-44004","GHSA-6785-pvv7-mvg7"],"title":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.0, sandboxed code can call Buffer.alloc() with an arbitrary size to allocate memory directly on the host heap. Because Buffer.alloc is a synchronous C++ native call, vm2's timeout …","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.0, sandboxed code can call Buffer.alloc() with an arbitrary size to allocate memory directly on the host heap. Because Buffer.alloc is a synchronous C++ native call, vm2's timeout option cannot interrupt it. A single request can exhaust host memory and crash the process with a FATAL ERROR: Reached heap limit. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.0.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":8.6,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-6785-pvv7-mvg7"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-30074","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"May 13, 2026, 5:31:16 PM","dateUpdated":"Sep 7, 2026, 12:04:56 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[{"id":"RHSA-2026:50850","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.1 security update","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-9277","CVE-2026-43997","CVE-2026-43998","CVE-2026-43999","CVE-2026-44000","CVE-2026-44001","CVE-2026-44002","CVE-2026-44003","CVE-2026-44004","CVE-2026-44005","CVE-2026-44006","CVE-2026-44007","CVE-2026-44008","CVE-2026-44009","CVE-2026-45411","CVE-2026-47131","CVE-2026-47135","CVE-2026-47137","CVE-2026-47139","CVE-2026-47140","CVE-2026-47141","CVE-2026-47209","CVE-2026-48068","CVE-2026-48801","CVE-2026-59877"]}],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2026-30074","identifiers":["EUVD-2026-30074","CVE-2026-44004","GHSA-6785-pvv7-mvg7"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"6d3b1a63c48f4f6e9c6618be7a57468c","observedAt":"2026-10-27T11:12:09.678+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-44004","aliases":[],"title":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.0, sandboxed code can call Buffer.alloc() with an arbitrary size to allocate memory directly on the host heap. Because Buffer.alloc is a synchronous C++ native call, vm2's timeout …","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.0, sandboxed code can call Buffer.alloc() with an arbitrary size to allocate memory directly on the host heap. Because Buffer.alloc is a synchronous C++ native call, vm2's timeout option cannot interrupt it. A single request can exhaust host memory and crash the process with a FATAL ERROR: Reached heap limit. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.0.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-13T18:16:17.123+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-26T17:10:03.27+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5,"severity":"HIGH"},{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":8.6,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-6785-pvv7-mvg7","https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:50850","https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-44004","https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2477195","https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-44004.json"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44004","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Modified","weaknesses":["CWE-770","CWE-1285"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:vm2_project:vm2:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-05-13T18:16:17.123","lastModified":"2026-10-26T17:10:03.270"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-44004","identifiers":["CVE-2026-44004"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"12f7a8e08a544f2584a55cbfb0760989","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-6785-pvv7-mvg7","aliases":["CVE-2026-44004"],"title":"vm2 Sandbox Access to Host Buffer.alloc Allows timeout Bypass Resulting in Memory Exhaustion","description":"### Summary\nSandboxed code can call `Buffer.alloc()` with an arbitrary size to allocate memory directly on the host heap. Because `Buffer.alloc` is a synchronous C++ native call, vm2's `timeout` option cannot interrupt it. A single request can exhaust host memory and crash the process with a `FATAL ERROR: Reached heap limit`.\n\n### Details\nIn `lib/vm.js:58`, `Buffer` is exposed to the sandbox through the `HOST` object. The bridge proxy (`lib/bridge.js`) passes `Buffer.alloc()` calls to the host without any size validation.\n\nKey technical distinction from regular JavaScript memory exhaustion (e.g., `while(true) a.push(...)`):\n- **JavaScript loops**: V8 can interrupt via timeout — vm2's `timeout` option works\n- **`Buffer.alloc(N)`**: Executes as a single synchronous C++ call — V8 timeout has no opportunity to interrupt\n\nThis means:\n1. `timeout: 5000` does NOT protect against this attack\n2. A single call allocates the entire requested size at once\n3. In memory-constrained environments (Docker, Lambda, Kubernetes pods), this causes immediate OOM crash\n\nTested amplification factor: ~100 bytes HTTP request — 1,000,000:1 or greater (100 bytes request to 100MB+ host heap allocation).\n\n### PoC\n\n**Library-level PoC (Node.js script — primary):**\n```javascript\nconst { VM } = require(\"vm2\");\nconst vm = new VM({ timeout: 5000 });\n\n// Buffer.alloc bypasses timeout — allocates 100MB on host heap\nconst result = vm.run(`Buffer.alloc(1024*1024*100).length`);\nconsole.log(result); // 104857600 — timeout had no effect\n\n// Control test — JavaScript loop IS caught by timeout\ntry {\n  vm.run(`var a=[]; while(true) a.push(1)`);\n} catch(e) {\n  console.log(e.message); // \"Script execution timed out after 5000ms\"\n}\n```\n\n**HTTP demonstration (OOM crash):**\n```bash\n# 1. Confirm server is running\ncurl -s http://localhost:3000/api/execute \\\n  -X POST -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -d '{\"code\":\"\\\"alive\\\"\"}'\n# => {\"result\":\"\\\"alive\\\"\"}\n\n# 2. Send Buffer.alloc payload — process crashes with OOM\ncurl -s -X POST http://localhost:3000/api/execute \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -d '{\"code\":\"Buffer.alloc(1024*1024*100).length\"}'\n# => empty response (process died)\n\n# 3. Check server logs:\n# FATAL ERROR: Reached heap limit Allocation failed - JavaScript heap out of memory\n\n# Control test — JavaScript loop IS caught by timeout:\ncurl -s -X POST http://localhost:3000/api/execute \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -d '{\"code\":\"var a=[]; while(true) a.push(1)\"}'\n# => {\"errors\":[\"Script execution timed out after 5000ms\"]}\n# Server stays alive — timeout works for JS, but NOT for Buffer.alloc\n```\n\n### Impact\n- **DoS**: A single HTTP request crashes the host Node.js process via OOM. The `timeout` option provides no protection.\n- **Environment-dependent severity**:\n  - **Memory-constrained environments** (Docker with memory limits, Kubernetes pods, Lambda): The allocation exceeds the memory limit, causing immediate process termination via OOM. This is the primary threat scenario — `FATAL ERROR: Reached heap limit` was confirmed in testing.\n  - **Unconstrained environments**: The allocation succeeds and memory is reclaimed by GC after the request completes, resulting in temporary performance degradation rather than a crash.\n- **Scope**: All applications using vm2. Default configuration is vulnerable. Memory-constrained environments (Docker, Kubernetes, Lambda) are most severely impacted.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-07T04:26:39+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-05-14T20:48:47.342712+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"vm2","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"3.11.0"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-6785-pvv7-mvg7","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44004","https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2","https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/v3.11.0"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6785-pvv7-mvg7","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-6785-pvv7-mvg7","identifiers":["GHSA-6785-pvv7-mvg7","CVE-2026-44004"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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