{"id":"CVE-2026-44321","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"6c284afd605f4b4fbb513fb5c31780a7","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-44321","aliases":[],"title":"free5GC: SMF UPI POST /upi/v1/upNodesLinks exits the SMF process on overlapping UE pools (unauthenticated, reachable Fatalf)","description":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's SMF mounts the UPI management route group without inbound OAuth2 middleware. The POST /upi/v1/upNodesLinks create-or-update handler accepts attacker-controlled JSON and passes it directly into UpNodesFromConfiguration(), which calls logger.InitLog.Fatalf(...) on several validation failures. One confirmed path is the UE-IP-pool overlap check: a single unauthenticated POST that adds a new UPF whose pool overlaps an existing UPF terminates the entire SMF process (docker ps shows Exited (1)), not just the goroutine. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-27T15:47:33.112+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-05-27T17:53:42.8+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"free5gc","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"free5gc\",\n                    \"product\": \"free5gc\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 4.2.2\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-44qj-cghf-9p97","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/906","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/203","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/commit/e0974e07ddab44a67d36a563cca383b2449e33e5"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44321","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-44321","identifiers":["CVE-2026-44321"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"19f78ce466934ff0a8d2d865507b22d7","observedAt":"2026-11-09T11:03:43.596+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-32577","aliases":["CVE-2026-44321","GHSA-44qj-cghf-9p97"],"title":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's SMF mounts the UPI management route group without inbound OAuth2 middleware. The POST /upi/v1/upNodesLinks create-or-update handler accepts attacker-…","description":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's SMF mounts the UPI management route group without inbound OAuth2 middleware. The POST /upi/v1/upNodesLinks create-or-update handler accepts attacker-controlled JSON and passes it directly into UpNodesFromConfiguration(), which calls logger.InitLog.Fatalf(...) on several validation failures. One confirmed path is the UE-IP-pool overlap check: a single unauthenticated POST that adds a new UPF whose pool overlaps an existing UPF terminates the entire SMF process (docker ps shows Exited (1)), not just the goroutine. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-44qj-cghf-9p97","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/906","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/203","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/commit/e0974e07ddab44a67d36a563cca383b2449e33e5"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-32577","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"May 27, 2026, 3:47:33 PM","dateUpdated":"May 27, 2026, 5:53:42 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2026-32577","identifiers":["EUVD-2026-32577","CVE-2026-44321","GHSA-44qj-cghf-9p97"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"1bf67f7fa8184d0ab25185459b573bd5","observedAt":"2026-10-25T10:17:21.823+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-44321","aliases":[],"title":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's SMF mounts the UPI management route group without inbound OAuth2 middleware. The POST /upi/v1/upNodesLinks create-or-update handler accepts attacker-…","description":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's SMF mounts the UPI management route group without inbound OAuth2 middleware. The POST /upi/v1/upNodesLinks create-or-update handler accepts attacker-controlled JSON and passes it directly into UpNodesFromConfiguration(), which calls logger.InitLog.Fatalf(...) on several validation failures. One confirmed path is the UE-IP-pool overlap check: a single unauthenticated POST that adds a new UPF whose pool overlaps an existing UPF terminates the entire SMF process (docker ps shows Exited (1)), not just the goroutine. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-27T17:16:37.33+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-14T20:10:00.19+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/906","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-44qj-cghf-9p97","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/commit/e0974e07ddab44a67d36a563cca383b2449e33e5","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/203"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44321","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Analyzed","weaknesses":["CWE-306","CWE-617","CWE-862"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:free5gc:free5gc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-05-27T17:16:37.330","lastModified":"2026-10-14T20:10:00.190"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-44321","identifiers":["CVE-2026-44321"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"f3dc38627638412db12ecc831b8d4143","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-44qj-cghf-9p97","aliases":["CVE-2026-44321","GO-2026-5109"],"title":"free5GC's SMF UPI POST /upi/v1/upNodesLinks exits the SMF process on overlapping UE pools (unauthenticated, reachable Fatalf)","description":"### Summary\nfree5GC's SMF mounts the `UPI` management route group without inbound OAuth2 middleware (same root cause as free5gc/free5gc#887). The `POST /upi/v1/upNodesLinks` create-or-update handler accepts attacker-controlled JSON and passes it directly into `UpNodesFromConfiguration()`, which calls `logger.InitLog.Fatalf(...)` on several validation failures. One confirmed path is the UE-IP-pool overlap check: a single unauthenticated POST that adds a new UPF whose pool overlaps an existing UPF terminates the entire SMF process (`docker ps` shows `Exited (1)`), not just the goroutine. This is a stronger sink than free5gc/free5gc#905: that one panics inside the request goroutine and Gin recovers; this one calls `Fatalf` which is `os.Exit(1)`-equivalent and kills the whole SMF process, dropping all of SMF's SBI surface (PDU-session establishment, UE policy lookups, etc.) until the process is restarted.\n\n### Details\nValidated against the SMF container in the official Docker compose lab.\n- Source repo tag: `v4.2.1`\n- Running Docker image: `free5gc/smf:v4.2.1`\n- Runtime SMF commit: `8385c00a`\n- Docker validation date: 2026-03-22 local (container log timestamp `2026-03-21T23:47:07Z`)\n- SMF endpoint: `http://10.100.200.6:8000`\n\nThe broader `UPI` auth gap (#887) lets the unauthenticated POST reach the create/update handler. From there:\n\nVulnerable handler dispatches into topology parsing:\n```\nPOST /upi/v1/upNodesLinks\n -> UpNodesFromConfiguration()\n   -> isOverlap(allUEIPPools)\n     -> logger.InitLog.Fatalf(\"overlap cidr value between UPFs\")\n```\n\nCode evidence (paths in `free5gc/smf`):\n- UPI group mounted WITHOUT auth middleware (preconditions for unauthenticated reachability):\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/sbi/server.go:76`\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/sbi/server.go:78`\n- Create-or-update handler accepts attacker JSON and forwards it to `UpNodesFromConfiguration()`:\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/sbi/api_upi.go:60`\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/sbi/api_upi.go:72`\n- Pool parsing (input from attacker JSON):\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/context/user_plane_information.go:413`\n- Overlap check that calls `Fatalf`:\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/context/user_plane_information.go:479`\n\nThe same unauthenticated POST path also reaches sibling `Fatalf` calls for invalid-pool and static-pool-exclusion failures, so this is not a one-off code smell -- it is a class of attacker-reachable `Fatalf` call sites on a single unauthenticated handler:\n- `NFs/smf/internal/context/user_plane_information.go:416`\n- `NFs/smf/internal/context/user_plane_information.go:424`\n- `NFs/smf/internal/context/user_plane_information.go:430`\n\n### PoC\nReproduced end-to-end against the running SMF at `http://10.100.200.6:8000`.\n\n1. Trigger: unauthenticated POST that adds a UPF with a UE pool overlapping the default UPF (`10.60.0.0/16`):\n```\ncurl -i -X POST http://10.100.200.6:8000/upi/v1/upNodesLinks \\\n  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\\n  --data '{\"links\":[{\"A\":\"gNB1\",\"B\":\"UPF-OVERLAP-20260322\"}],\"upNodes\":{\"UPF-OVERLAP-20260322\":{\"type\":\"UPF\",\"nodeID\":\"198.51.100.20\",\"addr\":\"198.51.100.20\",\"sNssaiUpfInfos\":[{\"sNssai\":{\"sst\":1,\"sd\":\"010203\"},\"dnnUpfInfoList\":[{\"dnn\":\"internet\",\"pools\":[{\"cidr\":\"10.60.0.0/16\"}]}]}]}}}'\n```\n\nClient-side observation (server died mid-request, no HTTP response written):\n```\ncurl: (52) Empty reply from server\n```\n\n2. Confirm the SMF container exited:\n```\ndocker ps -a --filter name=smf --format '{{.Names}}\\t{{.Status}}'\n```\n```\nsmf    Exited (1) 9 seconds ago\n```\n\n3. SMF container logs (`docker logs --tail 80 smf`) show the `FATA` line that terminated the process:\n```\n[FATA][SMF][Init] overlap cidr value between UPFs\n```\n\n### Impact\nUnauthenticated process-kill DoS on the SMF management plane.\n\n1. Missing inbound authentication (CWE-306) and authorization (CWE-862) on the `UPI` route group makes the trigger reachable to any off-path network attacker who can reach SMF on the SBI -- no token, no UE state needed. The same-instance `nsmf-oam` returning `401` (see free5gc/free5gc#887) proves OAuth middleware is wired in for other SMF route groups and only missing on UPI.\n2. Reachable assertion / fail-fast (CWE-617): topology parsing calls `logger.InitLog.Fatalf(...)` on attacker-influenced validation failures. `Fatalf` is `os.Exit(1)`-equivalent -- it skips Gin's recovery, the deferred handlers, and kills the whole SMF process. This is materially worse than the related panic-DoS in free5gc/free5gc#905, which Gin recovers from at the goroutine level.\n\nAny party that can reach SMF on the SBI can:\n- Send one unauthenticated POST with an overlapping UE pool and immediately terminate the SMF process, dropping all of SMF's SBI surface (PDU-session establishment, UE policy interactions) until SMF is restarted.\n- Repeat the trigger after every restart to sustain the outage.\n- Use sibling `Fatalf` paths (invalid-pool, static-pool exclusion) to sustain the same DoS even if the overlap check is hardened in isolation, because the underlying defect is using `Fatalf` for request-time validation on an unauthenticated handler.\n\nNo Confidentiality impact (the crash returns no data to the attacker). No persistent Integrity impact (the topology updates are in-memory and are lost when SMF dies). The whole impact concentrates in Availability: complete loss of SMF service via a single unauthenticated request.\n\nAffected: free5gc v4.2.1.\n\nUpstream issue: https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/906\nUpstream fix: https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/203","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-08T22:47:24+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-06-25T18:56:29.7398016+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/free5gc/smf","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"last_affected","version":"1.4.3"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-44qj-cghf-9p97","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44321","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/906","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/203","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/commit/e0974e07ddab44a67d36a563cca383b2449e33e5","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-44qj-cghf-9p97","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-44qj-cghf-9p97","identifiers":["GHSA-44qj-cghf-9p97","CVE-2026-44321","GO-2026-5109"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"512a74bcdaa54ad280ddb4422025596c","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GO-2026-5109","aliases":["CVE-2026-44321","GHSA-44qj-cghf-9p97"],"title":"free5GC's SMF UPI POST /upi/v1/upNodesLinks exits the SMF process on overlapping UE pools (unauthenticated, reachable Fatalf) in github.com/free5gc/smf","description":"free5GC's SMF UPI POST /upi/v1/upNodesLinks exits the SMF process on overlapping UE pools (unauthenticated, reachable Fatalf) in github.com/free5gc/smf","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-06-25T18:26:48+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-06-25T18:45:20.9935748+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/free5gc/smf","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-44qj-cghf-9p97","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44321","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/commit/e0974e07ddab44a67d36a563cca383b2449e33e5","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/203","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/906"],"sourceUrl":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2026-5109","license":"OSV · upstream source license applies","key":"osv:GO-2026-5109","identifiers":["GO-2026-5109","CVE-2026-44321","GHSA-44qj-cghf-9p97"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. Missing entries do not establish absence of exploitation.","generation":"2026-11-09T23:04:35.5115198+00:00","complete":true,"records":1773,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T23:04:35.5115198+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T23:04:35.7199619+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T23:04:35.7199622+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"cve-program","scope":"Official CVE Program baseline and cumulative hourly delta; all vendors, published and rejected records","generation":"cve-24e6fde7b744113daefb8f6135035fb8a5c69c9617c9c0d40574a0376532ffd3-dd2a77f649768340b3da193d98d597fa46c17d01cc081b31103212155ce6cd5d","complete":true,"records":421715,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T23:02:22.2942221+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T23:02:22.1588494+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T23:02:22.2942221+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-09T22:27:08+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"euvd","scope":"Rolling EUVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global EUVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-47ea30d05491460caa5ce44b8cba58f9","complete":false,"records":13686,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T23:17:21.9523007+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T23:17:21.948+00:00","error":"35 identifier lookups failed; latest failures include HTTP 403. Other identifiers were checked independently.","lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T23:17:21.948+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13669,"expectedIdentifiers":13739,"failedIdentifiers":35},{"source":"first-epss:nuget","scope":"FIRST EPSS for explicit CVE aliases in the collected public NuGet archive. Not a global EPSS backfill.","generation":"2026-11-09T23:04:35.5115198+00:00","complete":true,"records":1096,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T23:04:35.5115198+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T23:04:35.7206951+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T23:04:35.7206952+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"nvd","scope":"Rolling NVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global NVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-adb512372f6d42c7b17c6efd528c7d57","complete":false,"records":13692,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T23:05:02.0476605+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T23:05:02.041+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T23:05:02.041+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13704,"expectedIdentifiers":13739,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"osv:Go","scope":"Complete OSV Go ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"go-f16b02cc2b44d5413157015d03b8f1bf0217fdb477438e8f5866bcf35b179abd","complete":true,"records":9930,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T23:04:35.3476978+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T23:04:34.9543246+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T23:04:35.3476978+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-09T23:03:07+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:NuGet","scope":"Complete OSV NuGet ecosystem archive, including GitHub Advisory Database records; NuGet version matching only","generation":"nuget-26503967ae4379db8f374089589d6e03fb15bd31f820c9e992aaf93840c2236c","complete":true,"records":1971,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T23:02:22.4504307+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T21:02:20.472473+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T23:02:22.4504307+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-09T20:18:18+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:crates.io","scope":"Complete OSV crates.io ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"crates.io-761ecc9061239b0da572dc9254c6f384c1d19339eb08408c436647a2f26129e9","complete":true,"records":3064,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T23:04:35.4661135+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T17:05:03.4044794+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T23:04:35.4661135+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-09T16:33:20+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:npm","scope":"Complete OSV npm ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"npm-fe5caa127af053959ad6ee208ca92e895a6f5d3c14202fe035925df5f35ffed2","complete":true,"records":231329,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-09T23:04:24.8967882+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T23:04:23.4601156+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-09T23:04:24.8967882+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-09T22:48:12+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null}]}