{"id":"CVE-2026-44328","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"f3c3f4389fdd4154ad384d5ec776ece4","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-44328","aliases":[],"title":"free5GC: SMF UPI DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{ref} panics on AN-node deletion via nil UPF dereference; unauthenticated, state-mutating","description":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's SMF mounts the UPI management route group without inbound OAuth2 middleware. On top of that, the DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{upNodeRef} handler unconditionally dereferences upNode.UPF after the type-guarded async release, even though AN-typed nodes are constructed without a UPF object. As a result, a single unauthenticated DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/gNB1 request crashes the handler with a nil-pointer panic AND mutates the in-memory user-plane topology before panicking (the UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef) line runs first). This is an unauthenticated, state-mutating panic-DoS sink that an off-path network attacker can trigger by name against any AN entry. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-27T15:39:44.153+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-05-27T17:42:00.534+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"free5gc","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"free5gc\",\n                    \"product\": \"free5gc\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 4.2.2\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H","score":8.2,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/905","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/199","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/commit/b57bc48081c3d3a2f333d02eb78e4fd31a120deb"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44328","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-44328","identifiers":["CVE-2026-44328"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"e1a79960c732450fbf244a01e09a62a6","observedAt":"2026-11-09T11:03:53.517+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-32570","aliases":["CVE-2026-44328","GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr"],"title":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's SMF mounts the UPI management route group without inbound OAuth2 middleware. On top of that, the DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{upNodeRef} handler unco…","description":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's SMF mounts the UPI management route group without inbound OAuth2 middleware. On top of that, the DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{upNodeRef} handler unconditionally dereferences upNode.UPF after the type-guarded async release, even though AN-typed nodes are constructed without a UPF object. As a result, a single unauthenticated DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/gNB1 request crashes the handler with a nil-pointer panic AND mutates the in-memory user-plane topology before panicking (the UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef) line runs first). This is an unauthenticated, state-mutating panic-DoS sink that an off-path network attacker can trigger by name against any AN entry. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H","score":8.2,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/905","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/199","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/commit/b57bc48081c3d3a2f333d02eb78e4fd31a120deb"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-32570","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"May 27, 2026, 3:39:44 PM","dateUpdated":"May 27, 2026, 5:42:00 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2026-32570","identifiers":["EUVD-2026-32570","CVE-2026-44328","GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"baafbf7c7ff14440ab59fbcf71ccfdf9","observedAt":"2026-10-25T10:17:21.823+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-44328","aliases":[],"title":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's SMF mounts the UPI management route group without inbound OAuth2 middleware. On top of that, the DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{upNodeRef} handler unco…","description":"free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's SMF mounts the UPI management route group without inbound OAuth2 middleware. On top of that, the DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{upNodeRef} handler unconditionally dereferences upNode.UPF after the type-guarded async release, even though AN-typed nodes are constructed without a UPF object. As a result, a single unauthenticated DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/gNB1 request crashes the handler with a nil-pointer panic AND mutates the in-memory user-plane topology before panicking (the UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef) line runs first). This is an unauthenticated, state-mutating panic-DoS sink that an off-path network attacker can trigger by name against any AN entry. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-27T17:16:38.347+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-14T20:10:00.19+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H","score":8.2,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/905","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/commit/b57bc48081c3d3a2f333d02eb78e4fd31a120deb","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/199"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44328","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Analyzed","weaknesses":["CWE-306","CWE-476","CWE-862"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:free5gc:free5gc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-05-27T17:16:38.347","lastModified":"2026-10-14T20:10:00.190"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-44328","identifiers":["CVE-2026-44328"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"54024b711727479ba03ec3553cc54ac4","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr","aliases":["CVE-2026-44328","GO-2026-5537"],"title":"free5GC's SMF UPI DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{ref} panics on AN-node deletion via nil UPF dereference; unauthenticated, state-mutating","description":"### Summary\nfree5GC's SMF mounts the `UPI` management route group without inbound OAuth2 middleware (same root cause as the broader UPI auth gap reported in free5gc/free5gc#887). On top of that, the `DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{upNodeRef}` handler unconditionally dereferences `upNode.UPF` after the type-guarded async release, even though `AN`-typed nodes are constructed without a `UPF` object. As a result, a single unauthenticated `DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/gNB1` request crashes the handler with a nil-pointer panic AND mutates the in-memory user-plane topology before panicking (the `UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef)` line runs first). This is an unauthenticated, state-mutating panic-DoS sink that an off-path network attacker can trigger by name against any AN entry.\n\n### Details\nValidated against the SMF container in the official Docker compose lab.\n- Source repo tag: `v4.2.1`\n- Running Docker image: `free5gc/smf:v4.2.1`\n- Runtime SMF commit: `8385c00a`\n- Docker validation date: 2026-03-22 local (container log timestamp `2026-03-21T23:43:17Z`)\n- SMF endpoint: `http://10.100.200.6:8000`\n\nControl comparison on the same SMF instance:\n- `GET /nsmf-oam/v1/` (no token) -> `401 Unauthorized`\n- `DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/gNB1` (no token) -> `500 Internal Server Error` (panic)\n\nThe sibling `nsmf-oam` returning `401` proves OAuth middleware IS wired in for other SMF route groups; the UPI group specifically is mounted without it.\n\nVulnerable handler logic (paths in `free5gc/smf`):\n```go\n// NFs/smf/internal/sbi/api_upi.go:94..99\nif upNode.Type == smf_context.UPNODE_UPF {\n    go s.Processor().ReleaseAllResourcesOfUPF(upNode.UPF)\n}\nupi.UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef)\nupNode.UPF.CancelAssociation()   // <-- panics for AN-typed nodes; nil UPF\n```\n\nThe `Type == UPNODE_UPF` guard only protects the asynchronous `ReleaseAllResourcesOfUPF` call. After that, `UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef)` runs unconditionally (so the topology mutation lands first), and then `upNode.UPF.CancelAssociation()` is called unconditionally on a `*UPF` that is `nil` for `AN` nodes by construction.\n\nCode evidence:\n- UPI group mounted WITHOUT auth middleware:\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/sbi/server.go:76`\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/sbi/server.go:78`\n- Protected control comparison (other SMF groups DO use auth):\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/sbi/server.go:99`\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/sbi/server.go:105`\n- Delete handler (panic site):\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/sbi/api_upi.go:94`\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/sbi/api_upi.go:99`\n- AN nodes are constructed without a UPF object (root cause of the nil deref):\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/context/user_plane_information.go:95`\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/context/user_plane_information.go:97`\n\n### PoC\nReproduced end-to-end against the running SMF at `http://10.100.200.6:8000`.\n\n1. Control: protected sibling OAM route returns `401`:\n```\ncurl -i http://10.100.200.6:8000/nsmf-oam/v1/\n```\n```\nHTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized\n```\n\n2. Trigger: unauthenticated DELETE on the default AN node `gNB1`:\n```\ncurl -i -X DELETE http://10.100.200.6:8000/upi/v1/upNodesLinks/gNB1\n```\n```\nHTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error\n```\n\n3. SMF container logs (`docker logs --tail 120 smf`) show topology mutation landing BEFORE the panic, and the panic stack pointing at `api_upi.go:99`:\n```\n[INFO][SMF][Init] UPNode [gNB1] found. Deleting it.\n[INFO][SMF][Init] Delete UPLink [UPF] <=> [gNB1].\n[ERRO][SMF][GIN] panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference\ngithub.com/free5gc/smf/internal/sbi.(*Server).DeleteUpNodeLink\n    /go/src/free5gc/NFs/smf/internal/sbi/api_upi.go:99 +0x298\n[INFO][SMF][GIN] | 500 | DELETE | /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/gNB1\n```\n\nThe lab state was manually restored after validation by re-creating the AN entry; that POST is restoration-only and is NOT a mitigation.\n\n### Impact\nThree compounding defects on the same SMF SBI surface:\n1. Missing inbound authentication (CWE-306) and authorization (CWE-862) on the `UPI` route group, so the trigger is reachable to any off-path network attacker who can reach SMF on the SBI -- no token, no session, no UE state needed. The same-instance `nsmf-oam` returning `401` proves the middleware is wired in elsewhere and only missing on UPI.\n2. NULL pointer dereference (CWE-476) in `DeleteUpNodeLink`: the `Type == UPNODE_UPF` guard only covers the async release call, then `upNode.UPF.CancelAssociation()` runs unconditionally on AN-typed nodes that have a nil `UPF` field by construction.\n3. Order of operations (CWE-755 / CWE-754): `UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef)` mutates the in-memory user-plane topology BEFORE the dereference panics, so the topology change lands even though the request returns 500. This makes the bug state-mutating, not just a plain panic.\n\nAny party that can reach SMF on the SBI can:\n- Delete arbitrary named entries (e.g. `gNB1`) from SMF's in-memory user-plane topology anonymously via a single `DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{ref}` request, denying SMF's ability to consider that AN/UPF in subsequent UPF selection / PFCP path establishment for legitimate UE sessions.\n- Trigger a panic on the SMF goroutine for the deleted-AN case, even though Gin recovers the goroutine, leaving the topology in the mutated state above.\n- Repeat the trigger by name against any AN entry, sustaining the topology denial without ever authenticating.\n\nThis is a strict superset of the impact in free5gc/free5gc#887 for this specific code path: same auth bypass, plus a concrete request-triggerable nil deref, plus state mutation that survives the panic.\n\nAffected: free5gc v4.2.1.\n\nUpstream issue: https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/905\nUpstream fix: https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/199","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-08T23:01:56+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-06-25T23:11:38.6956377+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/free5gc/smf","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.4.3"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44328","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/905","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/199","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/commit/b57bc48081c3d3a2f333d02eb78e4fd31a120deb","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr","identifiers":["GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr","CVE-2026-44328","GO-2026-5537"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"2718484daaee4ff299f6c69c4be51c91","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GO-2026-5537","aliases":["CVE-2026-44328","GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr"],"title":"free5GC's SMF UPI DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{ref} panics on AN-node deletion via nil UPF dereference; unauthenticated, state-mutating in github.com/free5gc/smf","description":"free5GC's SMF UPI DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{ref} panics on AN-node deletion via nil UPF dereference; unauthenticated, state-mutating in github.com/free5gc/smf","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-06-25T22:34:34+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-06-25T23:01:19.725013+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/free5gc/smf","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.4.3"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[],"references":["https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44328","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/commit/b57bc48081c3d3a2f333d02eb78e4fd31a120deb","https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/199","https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/905"],"sourceUrl":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2026-5537","license":"OSV · upstream source license applies","key":"osv:GO-2026-5537","identifiers":["GO-2026-5537","CVE-2026-44328","GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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