{"id":"CVE-2026-59259","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"112eab1e754f466da888fb2745849a6d","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-59259","aliases":[],"title":"n8n - Permission Bypass via Expression Parser Mismatch in External Secrets","description":"n8n before versions 1.123.61, 2.27.4, and 2.28.1 contains a permission bypass vulnerability in external secrets handling caused by a mismatch between the static validation check and the runtime expression engine. An authenticated user with credential create or update permissions but without the externalSecret:list scope can embed external secret references into credentials in forms the static validation does not detect; these references resolve at workflow execution time, exposing secret values the user is not authorized to access. This issue only affects instances where an external secrets provider is configured and Advanced Permissions are in use.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-07-15T11:25:35.53+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-07-15T18:47:38.895+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"n8n","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"n8n\",\n                    \"product\": \"n8n\",\n                    \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\",\n                    \"packageURL\": \"pkg:npm/n8n\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"0\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"semver\",\n                            \"lessThan\": \"1.123.61\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"1.123.61\",\n                            \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"},{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"n8n","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"n8n\",\n                    \"product\": \"n8n\",\n                    \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\",\n                    \"packageURL\": \"pkg:npm/n8n\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"0\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"semver\",\n                            \"lessThan\": \"2.28.1\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"2.28.1\",\n                            \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"},{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"n8n","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"n8n\",\n                    \"product\": \"n8n\",\n                    \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\",\n                    \"packageURL\": \"pkg:npm/n8n\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"0\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"semver\",\n                            \"lessThan\": \"2.27.4\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"2.27.4\",\n                            \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":6,"severity":"MEDIUM"}],"references":["https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-jp7m-xcgx-57qm","https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/n8n-permission-bypass-via-expression-parser-mismatch-in-external-secrets"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-59259","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-59259","identifiers":["CVE-2026-59259"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"4c838c9e657641d1b995df732d939094","observedAt":"2026-10-25T14:19:22.811+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-59259","aliases":[],"title":"n8n before versions 1.123.61, 2.27.4, and 2.28.1 contains a permission bypass vulnerability in external secrets handling caused by a mismatch between the static validation check and the runtime expression engine. An authenticated user with …","description":"n8n before versions 1.123.61, 2.27.4, and 2.28.1 contains a permission bypass vulnerability in external secrets handling caused by a mismatch between the static validation check and the runtime expression engine. An authenticated user with credential create or update permissions but without the externalSecret:list scope can embed external secret references into credentials in forms the static validation does not detect; these references resolve at workflow execution time, exposing secret values the user is not authorized to access. This issue only affects instances where an external secrets provider is configured and Advanced Permissions are in use.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-07-15T12:18:17.797+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-24T21:10:00.13+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0 · disclosure@vulncheck.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","score":6,"severity":"MEDIUM"},{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · nvd@nist.gov · Primary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","score":6.5,"severity":"MEDIUM"}],"references":["https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-jp7m-xcgx-57qm","https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/n8n-permission-bypass-via-expression-parser-mismatch-in-external-secrets"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59259","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Analyzed","weaknesses":["CWE-639"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:n8n:n8n:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:n8n:n8n:2.28.0:*:*:*:community:node.js:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:n8n:n8n:2.28.0:*:*:*:enterprise:node.js:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-07-15T12:18:17.797","lastModified":"2026-10-24T21:10:00.130"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-59259","identifiers":["CVE-2026-59259"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"a5880c8215d0475799a46e2626bd5f85","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-jp7m-xcgx-57qm","aliases":["CVE-2026-59259"],"title":"n8n: External Secrets Permission Bypass via Expression Parser Mismatch","description":"## Impact\nDue to a mismatch between the static validation check and the runtime expression engine, an authenticated user with credential create or update permissions, but without the `externalSecret:list` scope, could embed external secret references into credentials in forms the validation did not detect. These references would resolve at workflow execution time, exposing secret values the user was not authorized to access.\n\nThis issue only affects instances where an external secrets provider is configured and Advanced Permissions are in use.\n\n## Patches\nThe issue has been fixed in n8n versions 1.123.61, 2.27.4, and 2.28.1. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability.\n\n## Workarounds\nIf upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:\n- Restrict credential creation and update permissions to fully trusted users only.\n- Audit existing credentials for unexpected external secret references.\n\nThese workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-07-22T22:21:20+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-07-22T22:31:05.9979388+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"n8n","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.123.61"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"n8n","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"2.28.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"2.28.1"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"n8n","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"2.0.0-rc.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"2.27.4"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V4","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"MODERATE"}],"references":["https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-jp7m-xcgx-57qm","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59259","https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n","https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@1.123.61","https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.27.4","https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.28.1","https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/n8n-permission-bypass-via-expression-parser-mismatch-in-external-secrets"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jp7m-xcgx-57qm","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-jp7m-xcgx-57qm","identifiers":["GHSA-jp7m-xcgx-57qm","CVE-2026-59259"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. Missing entries do not establish absence of exploitation.","generation":"2026-10-27T04:23:20.6482565+00:00","complete":true,"records":1758,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-10-27T04:23:20.6482565+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-10-27T04:23:21.0403366+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-10-27T04:23:21.0403386+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"cve-program","scope":"Official CVE Program baseline and cumulative hourly delta; all vendors, published and rejected records","generation":"cve-187d2b72c94ceb8c4417f1032ec3109a3a3a7b730abadb561d8cdd2a96e04d27-44adb5fc4ec2447b4a14a9a186d21f635f5ab0fe59c9ca03fbd7387196ed1b95","complete":true,"records":414861,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-10-27T04:23:19.4839227+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-10-27T04:23:19.4592214+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-10-27T04:23:19.4839227+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-10-27T03:23:47+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"euvd","scope":"Rolling EUVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global EUVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-43321610382942b8ad8c85917eab1546","complete":false,"records":4735,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-10-27T04:24:29.5120624+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-10-24T23:18:49.862+00:00","error":"InvalidDataException","lastVerifiedAt":"2026-10-24T23:18:49.862+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":0,"expectedIdentifiers":13477},{"source":"first-epss:nuget","scope":"FIRST EPSS for explicit CVE aliases in the collected public NuGet archive. Not a global EPSS backfill.","generation":"2026-10-27T04:23:20.6482565+00:00","complete":true,"records":1093,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-10-27T04:23:20.6482565+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-10-27T04:23:21.0415276+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-10-27T04:23:21.0415281+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"nvd","scope":"Rolling NVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global NVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-1e75823a9a3a4b74973abff44e356610","complete":false,"records":13416,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-10-27T04:24:27.4557647+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-10-27T04:24:27.452+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-10-27T04:24:27.452+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13077,"expectedIdentifiers":13477},{"source":"osv:Go","scope":"Complete OSV Go ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"go-c3121b113ecd88f1c92ccfa0ec9757ddc8386e4c12afd2597450b815744f800a","complete":true,"records":9779,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-10-27T04:23:20.1429206+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-10-26T15:37:14.3083004+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-10-27T04:23:20.1429206+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-10-26T14:48:41+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:NuGet","scope":"Complete OSV NuGet ecosystem archive, including GitHub Advisory Database records; NuGet version matching only","generation":"nuget-bad5d31e7f6a5e3d338e11d8789069b63620a403f927730769688b42f768e4f6","complete":true,"records":1965,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-10-27T04:23:19.6550338+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-10-26T16:35:43.1460623+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-10-27T04:23:19.6550338+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-10-26T16:18:29+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:crates.io","scope":"Complete OSV crates.io ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"crates.io-a393d8fe0ae8408f3e4cab413b76047090c8e4a3c0a186c79edf33c9a3d3af95","complete":true,"records":2995,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-10-27T04:23:20.5252815+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-10-26T14:35:47.9640893+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-10-27T04:23:20.5252815+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-10-26T14:18:55+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:npm","scope":"Complete OSV npm ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"npm-2c2579bb03487537529e2b647fd2d9950cfc0fec1a9832dba33e322b8dcbe369","complete":true,"records":230812,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-10-27T04:23:20.0379863+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-10-26T21:37:26.5810298+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-10-27T04:23:20.0379863+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-10-26T21:33:12+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null}]}