{"id":"CVE-2026-65630","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"be39e81dbb754700981ba383d3b6309e","observedAt":"2026-10-26T20:35:31.018+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-65630","aliases":[],"title":"Timing side-channel in pure-Erlang X25519 scalar multiplication leaks the private key in jose","description":"Observable Timing Discrepancy vulnerability in potatosalad jose allows recovery of a long-term X25519 private key through a timing side channel in the pure-Erlang Curve25519 fallback.\n\nThe pure-Erlang X25519 implementation performs scalar multiplication over the secret private key using a recursive Montgomery ladder (jose_jwa_x25519:curve25519/2) whose clauses branch on individual bits of the clamped private scalar, and whose per-step operations (jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_add/3 and jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_double/1) and field inversion are built from value-dependent Erlang bignum arithmetic (multiplication, remainder, and modular exponentiation). Although the ladder is operation-count balanced and fixed at 254 steps, the concrete integer values processed at each step, and therefore the running time, depend on the secret scalar. The execution time of the public entry points jose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult/2, jose_jwa_x25519:x25519/2, jose_jwa_x25519:x25519_base/1, and jose_jwa_x25519:sk_to_pk/1 is thus a function of the private key.\n\nThis path is reachable from the public API, most notably when a service decrypts attacker-supplied ECDH-ES (JWE) messages with a long-term X25519 key (for example through JOSE.JWK.box_decrypt_ecdh_es/2, which reaches jose_jwa_curve25519:x25519_shared_secret/2 and the ladder). An attacker who can submit ciphertexts and measure decryption timing can, in principle, recover the private key bit by bit, defeating the resistance X25519 was designed to provide. Recovery of the key compromises the confidentiality and authenticity of all data protected by it.\n\nThis issue affects jose: from 1.10.0 before 1.11.13.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-10-26T19:54:07.686+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-26T19:54:07.686+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"https://repo.hex.pm","name":"jose","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"collectionURL\": \"https://repo.hex.pm\",\n                    \"cpes\": [\n                        \"cpe:2.3:a:potatosalad:jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\"\n                    ],\n                    \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\",\n                    \"modules\": [\n                        \"jose_jwa_x25519\",\n                        \"jose_jwa_curve25519\",\n                        \"jose_curve25519_fallback\",\n                        \"jose_jwk_kty_okp_x25519\"\n                    ],\n                    \"packageName\": \"jose\",\n                    \"packageURL\": \"pkg:hex/jose\",\n                    \"product\": \"jose\",\n                    \"programFiles\": [\n                        \"src/jwa/jose_jwa_x25519.erl\",\n                        \"src/jwa/jose_jwa_curve25519.erl\",\n                        \"src/jwa/curve25519/jose_curve25519_fallback.erl\",\n                        \"src/jwk/jose_jwk_kty_okp_x25519.erl\"\n                    ],\n                    \"programRoutines\": [\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_x25519:curve25519/2\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult/2\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult_base/1\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_x25519:x25519/2\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_x25519:x25519_base/1\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_x25519:sk_to_pk/1\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_add/3\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_double/1\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_curve25519:x25519_shared_secret/2\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_curve25519:x25519_secret_to_public/1\"\n                        }\n                    ],\n                    \"repo\": \"https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose\",\n                    \"vendor\": \"potatosalad\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"lessThan\": \"1.11.13\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\",\n                            \"version\": \"1.10.0\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"},{"ecosystem":"https://github.com","name":"potatosalad/erlang-jose","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"collectionURL\": \"https://github.com\",\n                    \"cpes\": [\n                        \"cpe:2.3:a:potatosalad:jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\"\n                    ],\n                    \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\",\n                    \"modules\": [\n                        \"jose_jwa_x25519\",\n                        \"jose_jwa_curve25519\",\n                        \"jose_curve25519_fallback\",\n                        \"jose_jwk_kty_okp_x25519\"\n                    ],\n                    \"packageName\": \"potatosalad/erlang-jose\",\n                    \"packageURL\": \"pkg:github/potatosalad/erlang-jose\",\n                    \"product\": \"jose\",\n                    \"programFiles\": [\n                        \"src/jwa/jose_jwa_x25519.erl\",\n                        \"src/jwa/jose_jwa_curve25519.erl\",\n                        \"src/jwa/curve25519/jose_curve25519_fallback.erl\",\n                        \"src/jwk/jose_jwk_kty_okp_x25519.erl\"\n                    ],\n                    \"programRoutines\": [\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_x25519:curve25519/2\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult/2\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_x25519:scalarmult_base/1\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_x25519:x25519/2\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_x25519:x25519_base/1\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_x25519:sk_to_pk/1\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_add/3\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_x25519:montgomery_double/1\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_curve25519:x25519_shared_secret/2\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"name\": \"jose_jwa_curve25519:x25519_secret_to_public/1\"\n                        }\n                    ],\n                    \"repo\": \"https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose\",\n                    \"vendor\": \"potatosalad\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"lessThan\": \"3670f873c274bba86fb7f5ee5727a7efa1322b79\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\",\n                            \"version\": \"8e532095de114ef4bf88a9ec5d651fa251a972b3\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"git\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":5.9,"severity":"MEDIUM"}],"references":["https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/security/advisories/GHSA-xvr2-gggj-h2pp","https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-65630.html","https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-65630","https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/8e532095de114ef4bf88a9ec5d651fa251a972b3","https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/3670f873c274bba86fb7f5ee5727a7efa1322b79"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-65630","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-65630","identifiers":["CVE-2026-65630"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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Not a global EPSS backfill.","generation":"2026-11-02T14:59:27.3742556+00:00","complete":true,"records":1095,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-02T14:59:27.3742556+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-02T14:59:27.5408035+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-02T14:59:27.5408036+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"nvd","scope":"Rolling NVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global NVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. 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