{"id":"CVE-2026-69152","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"e0720ecd17f64e01a548bbb7ddb4cb00","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-69152","aliases":[],"title":"brace-expansion: DoS via unbounded intermediate arrays, bypassing the CVE-2026-14257 mitigation","description":"The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.18, 2.1.4, 3.0.6, and 5.0.9, expand() does not apply maxLength while constructing comma-alternative intermediate arrays or padded sequences, allowing attacker-controlled input to exhaust memory or block the event loop. The fix for CVE-2026-14257 is bypassed by the vulnerability. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.18, 2.1.4, 3.0.6, and 5.0.9.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-08-03T16:33:36.324+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-08-03T20:12:20.435+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"brace-expansion","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"juliangruber\",\n                    \"product\": \"brace-expansion\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 1.1.18\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \">= 2.0.0, < 2.1.4\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \">= 3.0.0, < 3.0.6\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \">= 4.0.0, < 5.0.9\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-rgw5-rvv9-x895","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/139d015104e71433ad52a41d19467c48ecbb2c7d","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/1e30c930238d7162802d88a94189182def178dac","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/688a99eeaab02627c2b89ba8ba4821fecfa659cf","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/cb4b9e47cc2ec777c14b2b4492fb431a56f6a031"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-69152","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-69152","identifiers":["CVE-2026-69152"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"30f556cda42d4003a65b31cb6ca94c04","observedAt":"2026-10-25T15:18:51.467+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-69152","aliases":[],"title":"The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.18, 2.1.4, 3.0.6, and 5.0.9, expand() does not apply maxLength while constructing comma-alternative intermediate arrays or padded se…","description":"The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.18, 2.1.4, 3.0.6, and 5.0.9, expand() does not apply maxLength while constructing comma-alternative intermediate arrays or padded sequences, allowing attacker-controlled input to exhaust memory or block the event loop. The fix for CVE-2026-14257 is bypassed by the vulnerability. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.18, 2.1.4, 3.0.6, and 5.0.9.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-08-03T17:16:45.953+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-23T21:10:00.157+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/139d015104e71433ad52a41d19467c48ecbb2c7d","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/1e30c930238d7162802d88a94189182def178dac","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/688a99eeaab02627c2b89ba8ba4821fecfa659cf","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/cb4b9e47cc2ec777c14b2b4492fb431a56f6a031","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-rgw5-rvv9-x895"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-69152","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Analyzed","weaknesses":["CWE-400","CWE-770"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:juliangruber:brace-expansion:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-08-03T17:16:45.953","lastModified":"2026-10-23T21:10:00.157"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-69152","identifiers":["CVE-2026-69152"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"8a252faa46774cefac2eaf9690492a7e","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-rgw5-rvv9-x895","aliases":["CVE-2026-69152"],"title":"brace-expansion: DoS via unbounded intermediate arrays, bypassing the CVE-2026-14257 mitigation","description":"### Summary\n\nThe `maxLength` mitigation added in `5.0.8` for GHSA-mh99-v99m-4gvg / CVE-2026-14257 is incomplete. It bounds the accumulator where results are *combined*, but not the intermediate arrays that feed it. A ~25 KB input still crashes the Node process with an **uncatchable** out-of-memory error, so `try/catch` around `expand()` does not help.\n\nA second, related path in the same function lets a ~400 KB input block the event loop for over two minutes without ever exceeding the memory bound.\n\n### Details\n\n`maxLength` was enforced in `combine()`, the single place output grows. Two arrays are built *before* `combine()` runs, and neither was bounded.\n\n**1. Comma alternatives accumulate without a running total (memory exhaustion)**\n\nEach alternative in `{a,b,c,...}` is expanded by its own recursive `expand_()` call, so each receives a full, independent `maxLength` allowance. The results were then concatenated into a single `values` array with no cumulative limit:\n\n```js\nvalues = []\nfor (let j = 0; j < n.length; j++) {\n  values.push.apply(values, expand_(n[j], max, maxLength, false))\n}\n\nacc = combine(acc, pre, values, max, maxLength, ...)\n```\n\nWith `A` alternatives, `values` can reach `A * maxLength` characters before `combine()` gets a chance to truncate it. At the default `maxLength` of 4,000,000 and 400 alternatives, that is well past any default heap.\n\n**2. Padded sequences ignore `maxLength` while generating (CPU exhaustion)**\n\n`expandSequence()` was bounded by `max` (the result *count*) but never consulted `maxLength`. A padded sequence's element width follows the input, so `{0...01..100000}` with a wide pad generates `max` elements, each as wide as the input, only for `combine()` to discard all but a handful.\n\nMemory stays flat here, because V8 represents the padded strings as cons-strings, which is likely why this path was not caught alongside the original issue. The cost is time: work proportional to `max * width`.\n\n| pad width | input bytes | results kept | time (5.0.8) | time (patched) |\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n| 20,000 | 20 KB | 199 | ~7.3 s | ~20 ms |\n| 100,000 | 100 KB | 39 | ~32 s | ~20 ms |\n| 400,000 | 400 KB | 9 | ~124 s | ~18 ms |\n\nOutput is byte-identical before and after the fix; only the wasted work is removed.\n\n### Proof of concept\n\nMemory exhaustion, against `5.0.8`:\n\n```js\nimport { expand } from 'brace-expansion'\n\nconst part = '{' + '0'.repeat(50) + '1..100000}'\nconst input = '{' + Array(400).fill(part).join(',') + '}'  // ~25 KB\n\ntry {\n  expand(input)\n} catch (e) {\n  // never reached - the process is already dead\n}\n```\n\n```\nFATAL ERROR: Ineffective mark-compacts near heap limit Allocation failed - JavaScript heap out of memory\nAborted\n```\n\nEvent-loop stall, against `5.0.8`:\n\n```js\nimport { expand } from 'brace-expansion'\n\n// ~400 KB input, returns 9 results after roughly two minutes of blocking CPU\nexpand('{' + '0'.repeat(400_000) + '1..100000}')\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nDenial of service. Any application that passes attacker-controlled input to `expand()`, directly or transitively through a glob or pattern-matching library, can be remotely crashed or stalled. The out-of-memory variant terminates the process and cannot be handled with `try/catch`.\n\nApplications already on `5.0.8` are affected: the `5.0.8` mitigation does not cover these paths.\n\n### Patches\n\nBoth intermediate arrays are now bounded as they are built, using the same `max` and `maxLength` limits already applied in `combine()`:\n\n- `values` tracks a running result count and character length while alternatives are appended, and stops once either bound is reached.\n- `expandSequence()` accepts `maxLength` and stops generating once the sequence's own characters reach it.\n\nAs with the existing limits, output is truncated rather than allowed to grow without bound, which matches how `max` already behaves. The defaults sit well above any realistic expansion, so legitimate input is unaffected.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nIf upgrading is not immediately possible, avoid passing untrusted input to `expand()` or to glob brace patterns, or pass an explicitly small `max` **and** `maxLength`.\n\nNote that a small `maxLength` alone was not sufficient on affected versions: it was applied per alternative rather than cumulatively, which is the root of the first issue above.\n\n### Credits\n\nThe memory-exhaustion bypass was reported by Alessio Della Libera, CEO & Co-founder at [Numyra](https://numyra.ai/).\n\nThe sequence-generation issue was found while verifying that report.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-08-03T16:35:32+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-10T03:51:14.5352709+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"brace-expansion","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.1.18"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"brace-expansion","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"2.0.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"2.1.4"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"brace-expansion","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"3.0.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"3.0.6"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"brace-expansion","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"4.0.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"5.0.9"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-rgw5-rvv9-x895","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-69152","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/139d015104e71433ad52a41d19467c48ecbb2c7d","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/1e30c930238d7162802d88a94189182def178dac","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/688a99eeaab02627c2b89ba8ba4821fecfa659cf","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/cb4b9e47cc2ec777c14b2b4492fb431a56f6a031","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rgw5-rvv9-x895","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-rgw5-rvv9-x895","identifiers":["GHSA-rgw5-rvv9-x895","CVE-2026-69152"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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