{"id":"EUVD-2026-113363","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"0344d2b669ab4306978a516c4c68684c","observedAt":"2026-10-29T21:48:56.968+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-119186","aliases":[],"title":"Forge: AES-GCM authentication bypass via unvalidated tagLength option","description":"Forge (also called node-forge) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to 1.4.1, node-forge did not validate the AES-GCM tagLength option passed to start() during decryption through forge.cipher.createDecipher(). When an application derived tagLength from received data or used an unset or zero-like configuration value, a value that converted to zero together with an empty or missing authentication tag caused the calculated and supplied tags to compare as empty, so decipher.finish() accepted unauthenticated ciphertext. Applications that omit tagLength to use the 128-bit default or pass a fixed valid tag length are unaffected. This issue is fixed in version 1.4.1.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-10-29T19:17:26.965+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-29T20:24:15.29+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"forge","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"digitalbazaar\",\n                    \"product\": \"forge\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 1.4.1\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","score":5.9,"severity":"MEDIUM"}],"references":["https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-5cwg-6vw7-rj6p","https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/236845d96c71207259f91638d0138bba8e2fd624","https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/releases/tag/v1.4.1"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-119186","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-119186","identifiers":["CVE-2026-119186"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"e5ee0665b2c64610abfe01958dc2c4bd","observedAt":"2026-11-06T01:44:39.33+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-113363","aliases":["CVE-2026-119186","GHSA-5cwg-6vw7-rj6p"],"title":"Forge (also called node-forge) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to 1.4.1, node-forge did not validate the AES-GCM tagLength option passed to start() during decryption through forge.cipher.createDec…","description":"Forge (also called node-forge) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to 1.4.1, node-forge did not validate the AES-GCM tagLength option passed to start() during decryption through forge.cipher.createDecipher(). When an application derived tagLength from received data or used an unset or zero-like configuration value, a value that converted to zero together with an empty or missing authentication tag caused the calculated and supplied tags to compare as empty, so decipher.finish() accepted unauthenticated ciphertext. Applications that omit tagLength to use the 128-bit default or pass a fixed valid tag length are unaffected. This issue is fixed in version 1.4.1.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","score":5.9,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-5cwg-6vw7-rj6p","https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/236845d96c71207259f91638d0138bba8e2fd624","https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/releases/tag/v1.4.1"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-113363","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"Oct 29, 2026, 7:17:26 PM","dateUpdated":"Oct 29, 2026, 8:24:15 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[{"id":"msrc_CVE-2026-119186","title":"Forge: AES-GCM authentication bypass via unvalidated tagLength option","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-119186"]}],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2026-113363","identifiers":["EUVD-2026-113363","CVE-2026-119186","GHSA-5cwg-6vw7-rj6p"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"8176bd950128494a9f25a97a8e3b8cb1","observedAt":"2026-10-30T23:47:40.018+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-119186","aliases":[],"title":"Forge (also called node-forge) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to 1.4.1, node-forge did not validate the AES-GCM tagLength option passed to start() during decryption through forge.cipher.createDec…","description":"Forge (also called node-forge) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to 1.4.1, node-forge did not validate the AES-GCM tagLength option passed to start() during decryption through forge.cipher.createDecipher(). When an application derived tagLength from received data or used an unset or zero-like configuration value, a value that converted to zero together with an empty or missing authentication tag caused the calculated and supplied tags to compare as empty, so decipher.finish() accepted unauthenticated ciphertext. Applications that omit tagLength to use the 128-bit default or pass a fixed valid tag length are unaffected. This issue is fixed in version 1.4.1.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-10-29T20:17:29.5+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-30T17:18:03.88+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","score":5.9,"severity":"MEDIUM"}],"references":["https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/236845d96c71207259f91638d0138bba8e2fd624","https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/releases/tag/v1.4.1","https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-5cwg-6vw7-rj6p"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-119186","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Undergoing Analysis","weaknesses":["CWE-354","CWE-1284"],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-10-29T20:17:29.500","lastModified":"2026-10-30T17:18:03.880"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-119186","identifiers":["CVE-2026-119186"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"7f9d60a6a6184aa29eb229e27d0fae35","observedAt":"2026-10-30T23:45:44.41+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-5cwg-6vw7-rj6p","aliases":["CVE-2026-119186"],"title":"Forge: AES-GCM authentication bypass via unvalidated tagLength option","description":"### Summary\n\nThe AES-GCM mode in forge.cipher does not validate the tagLength option passed to start(). With a tagLength of 0 or a value that converts to 0 (such as null, false, '' or '0'), the authentication tag is empty, and decipher.finish() returns true for any ciphertext and additional data when the supplied tag is empty or missing. Fixed in node-forge 1.4.1.\n\n### Details\n\n`modes.gcm.prototype.start()` in `lib/cipherModes.js` stored the `tagLength` option without validation, and `lib/cipher.js` documented it as accepting \"0-128\". After processing the data, `afterFinish()` truncates the 16-byte tag with `truncate(16 % (tagLength / 8))`. For a `tagLength` that converts to 0, this is `16 % 0 = NaN`, and truncating by `NaN` empties the tag. On decryption, the start-time check that the supplied `tag` has `tagLength / 8` bytes passes for an empty tag, and the final tag comparison compares two empty strings, so `decipher.finish()` returns `true` for any ciphertext and additional data.\n\nNIST SP 800-38D section 5.2.1.2 allows only tag lengths of 128, 120, 112, 104 and 96 bits, plus 64 and 32 bits for certain applications.\n\nThe fix validates `tagLength` in `start()`, for both encryption and decryption. A missing, `null` or `undefined` `tagLength` uses the default of 128 bits. Any other value is converted with `Number()` and must be one of 128, 120, 112, 104, 96, 64 or 32; otherwise `start()` throws \"Invalid tag length.\". Numeric strings such as `'128'` are still accepted. With a validated `tagLength`, an empty tag no longer matches the expected tag length and is rejected.\n\n### Patches\nFixed in node-forge 1.4.1. `cipher.start()` now throws an error unless `tagLength` is one of the tag lengths allowed by NIST SP 800-38D (128, 120, 112, 104, 96, 64 or 32 bits); a `null` or `undefined` `tagLength` means the default of 128 bits.\n\n### Workarounds\nDo not derive `tagLength` from received data. Pass a fixed `tagLength` (or omit it to use the default of 128 bits), and check that the received tag has the expected length before calling `start()`, for example `if(tag.length !== 16) { throw new Error('Invalid tag.'); }` before `decipher.start({iv: iv, tag: tag});`.\n\n### Proof of concept\n\nStart an AES-GCM decipher with `tagLength: 0` and an empty tag, as an application does when it derives the tag length from a received empty tag, and feed it arbitrary bytes that were never encrypted under the key:\n\n```js\nvar decipher = forge.cipher.createDecipher('AES-GCM', key);\ndecipher.start({iv: iv, tag: '', tagLength: 0});\ndecipher.update(forge.util.createBuffer('any attacker-chosen bytes'));\ndecipher.finish();\n// <= 1.4.0: true\n// 1.4.1: start() throws \"Invalid tag length.\"\n```\n\n`tagLength` values `null`, `false` and `'0'` (with an empty tag), and `tagLength: 0` with no `tag` option, give the same result on <= 1.4.0. The fix adds regression tests in `tests/unit/aes.js`.\n\n### Impact\n\nApplications that decrypt AES-GCM data with `forge.cipher.createDecipher()` (`'AES-GCM'`) and pass a zero-like `tagLength` are affected. Typical cases are a tag length derived from the received tag, or an unset configuration value:\n\n```js\nvar decipher = forge.cipher.createDecipher('AES-GCM', key);\ndecipher.start({iv: iv, tag: receivedTag, tagLength: receivedTag.length * 8});\ndecipher.update(forge.util.createBuffer(receivedCiphertext));\nif(decipher.finish()) { /* attacker-supplied data accepted */ }\n```\n\nAn attacker who can send a ciphertext with an empty tag to such an application can make it accept attacker-chosen ciphertext as authentic. Because GCM encryption is a stream cipher, an attacker who knows (part of) a captured message's plaintext can also change that plaintext to chosen values. The default (no `tagLength` option, 128 bits) and any fixed valid `tagLength` are not affected.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-10-30T23:02:09+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-30T23:15:05.4064167+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"node-forge","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.4.1"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"MODERATE"}],"references":["https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-5cwg-6vw7-rj6p","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-119186","https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/236845d96c71207259f91638d0138bba8e2fd624","https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge","https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/releases/tag/v1.4.1"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-5cwg-6vw7-rj6p","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-5cwg-6vw7-rj6p","identifiers":["GHSA-5cwg-6vw7-rj6p","CVE-2026-119186"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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Not a global EPSS backfill.","generation":"2026-11-07T02:34:43.7661215+00:00","complete":true,"records":1096,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:43.7661215+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:43.9397262+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:43.9397266+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"nvd","scope":"Rolling NVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global NVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. 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