{"id":"EUVD-2026-77619","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"ab74a31e3a844ac69fa29bedfec3fd7d","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-54155","aliases":[],"title":"node-opcua: Missing nonce verification in UserNameIdentityToken authentication","description":"node-opcua is an OPC UA implementation for TypeScript and Node.js. Prior to 2.166.0, the UserNameIdentityToken authentication handler in packages/node-opcua-server/source/opcua_server.ts decrypts an RSA-OAEP password blob but does not verify that the trailing bytes match the current session serverNonce. An unauthenticated remote attacker can obtain the server public key through GetEndpoints and forge a blob whose little-endian length produces an empty password passed to isValidUser, compromising accounts that accept an empty password. Missing nonce binding also allows a captured UserNameIdentityToken ciphertext to be replayed in another session, and SecurityMode=None removes the separate client-signature safeguard. This issue is fixed in version 2.166.0.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-09-14T16:07:50.461+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-14T16:39:35.824+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"node-opcua","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"node-opcua\",\n                    \"product\": \"node-opcua\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 2.166.0\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L","score":7.7,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/node-opcua/node-opcua/security/advisories/GHSA-mq36-523m-x7vv","https://github.com/node-opcua/node-opcua/commit/c6b05738682f5c8d70b1ea275c881f01a1cd9787","https://github.com/node-opcua/node-opcua/releases/tag/v2.166.0"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-54155","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-54155","identifiers":["CVE-2026-54155"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"6a1b4c0e87f54281be18eeb91ad34f23","observedAt":"2026-11-11T13:58:59.706+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-77619","aliases":["CVE-2026-54155","GHSA-mq36-523m-x7vv"],"title":"node-opcua is an OPC UA implementation for TypeScript and Node.js. Prior to 2.166.0, the UserNameIdentityToken authentication handler in packages/node-opcua-server/source/opcua_server.ts decrypts an RSA-OAEP password blob but does not verif…","description":"node-opcua is an OPC UA implementation for TypeScript and Node.js. Prior to 2.166.0, the UserNameIdentityToken authentication handler in packages/node-opcua-server/source/opcua_server.ts decrypts an RSA-OAEP password blob but does not verify that the trailing bytes match the current session serverNonce. An unauthenticated remote attacker can obtain the server public key through GetEndpoints and forge a blob whose little-endian length produces an empty password passed to isValidUser, compromising accounts that accept an empty password. Missing nonce binding also allows a captured UserNameIdentityToken ciphertext to be replayed in another session, and SecurityMode=None removes the separate client-signature safeguard. This issue is fixed in version 2.166.0.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L","score":7.7,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/node-opcua/node-opcua/security/advisories/GHSA-mq36-523m-x7vv","https://github.com/node-opcua/node-opcua/commit/c6b05738682f5c8d70b1ea275c881f01a1cd9787","https://github.com/node-opcua/node-opcua/releases/tag/v2.166.0"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-77619","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"Sep 14, 2026, 4:07:50 PM","dateUpdated":"Sep 14, 2026, 4:39:35 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2026-77619","identifiers":["EUVD-2026-77619","CVE-2026-54155","GHSA-mq36-523m-x7vv"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"24286a386c0241e68567d42e1e5be5a3","observedAt":"2026-10-25T13:17:22.268+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-54155","aliases":[],"title":"node-opcua is an OPC UA implementation for TypeScript and Node.js. Prior to 2.166.0, the UserNameIdentityToken authentication handler in packages/node-opcua-server/source/opcua_server.ts decrypts an RSA-OAEP password blob but does not verif…","description":"node-opcua is an OPC UA implementation for TypeScript and Node.js. Prior to 2.166.0, the UserNameIdentityToken authentication handler in packages/node-opcua-server/source/opcua_server.ts decrypts an RSA-OAEP password blob but does not verify that the trailing bytes match the current session serverNonce. An unauthenticated remote attacker can obtain the server public key through GetEndpoints and forge a blob whose little-endian length produces an empty password passed to isValidUser, compromising accounts that accept an empty password. Missing nonce binding also allows a captured UserNameIdentityToken ciphertext to be replayed in another session, and SecurityMode=None removes the separate client-signature safeguard. This issue is fixed in version 2.166.0.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-09-14T17:17:46.737+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-30T19:38:27.293+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L","score":7.7,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/node-opcua/node-opcua/commit/c6b05738682f5c8d70b1ea275c881f01a1cd9787","https://github.com/node-opcua/node-opcua/releases/tag/v2.166.0","https://github.com/node-opcua/node-opcua/security/advisories/GHSA-mq36-523m-x7vv"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-54155","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Awaiting Analysis","weaknesses":["CWE-347"],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-09-14T17:17:46.737","lastModified":"2026-09-30T19:38:27.293"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-54155","identifiers":["CVE-2026-54155"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"a823ad04dc9e4282b054809a94855dfd","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-mq36-523m-x7vv","aliases":["CVE-2026-54155"],"title":"node-opcua missing nonce verification in UserNameIdentityToken authentication","description":"**Summary**\nA missing nonce verification in the UserNameIdentityToken authentication handler allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to forge a password token that extracts as an empty string, and to replay captured authentication tokens across sessions.\n\n**Affected versions:** <= 2.165.0\n**Tested version:** 2.165.0\n**CVSS Score:** 8.1 (High)\n**CVSS Vector:** CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L\n**CWE:** CWE-347 Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature\n\n---\n\n**Root Cause**\n\nIn `packages/node-opcua-server/source/opcua_server.ts` at line 1886-1887, after RSA-OAEP decrypting the UserNameIdentityToken password blob, the server reads a 4-byte little-endian length field and extracts `buff[4 : 4+length]` as the password. It never verifies that the trailing bytes equal `session.nonce`.\n\nThis has two consequences:\n\n1. **Forged empty password:** An attacker who retrieves the server's public key via an unauthenticated `GetEndpoints` call can craft a token where the 4-byte length field equals `serverNonce.length` (32). The server computes `length = 32 - 32 = 0` and calls `isValidUser(username, \"\")`. Any account that accepts an empty password is compromised.\n\n2. **Unconditional replay attack:** Because nonce binding is structurally absent, any captured UserNameIdentityToken ciphertext can be replayed in a different session unconditionally.\n\nThe impact is compounded by a second issue: when the channel uses `SecurityMode=None`, `verifyClientSignature` returns `true` unconditionally (security_policy.ts:697-700), bypassing the channel-level signature check entirely.\n\n---\n\n**Proof of Concept (logic, no exploit code)**\n\n```\n1. GetEndpoints (unauthenticated) → retrieve server public key and RSA token policy\n2. OpenSecureChannel (SecurityMode=None)\n3. CreateSession\n4. Craft plaintext: [0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]  (readUInt32LE = 32 = serverNonce.length)\n5. RSA-OAEP encrypt with server public key → 256-byte ciphertext\n6. ActivateSession with crafted UserNameIdentityToken\n7. Server decrypts → length = 32 - 32 = 0 → password = \"\"\n8. isValidUser(username, \"\") is called\n```\n\nDynamically confirmed: decryption produces `password = \"\"` with no error and no nonce verification.\n\n---\n\n**Suggested Fix**\n\nAfter decrypting the password blob, verify that `buff.slice(4 + passwordLength)` equals `session.nonce` before extracting the password. Reject the token if verification fails.\n\n---\n\nI am following a 90-day responsible disclosure policy. I am happy to provide additional technical details under embargo. Please confirm receipt at your earliest convenience.\n\nReporter: Stanley Tobias\nDiscovery date: 2026-03-23","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-08-20T18:35:33+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-08-20T18:48:09.721933+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"node-opcua","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"last_affected","version":"2.165.0"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/node-opcua/node-opcua/security/advisories/GHSA-mq36-523m-x7vv","https://github.com/node-opcua/node-opcua"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-mq36-523m-x7vv","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-mq36-523m-x7vv","identifiers":["GHSA-mq36-523m-x7vv","CVE-2026-54155"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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