{"id":"EUVD-2026-83947","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"f8048560b86948ab889e21994432d757","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-61628","aliases":[],"title":"nginx ignition has Unauthenticated Admin Account Creation via Onboarding Race Condition","description":"nginx ignition is a user interface for the nginx web server. Prior to version 2.41.1, `POST /api/users/onboarding/finish` is registered as anonymous (unauthenticated) and creates a user with full ReadWrite admin permissions. Because the handler uses a check-then-act (TOCTOU) pattern between the \"onboarding already completed?\" check and the user-creation write, with no atomic guard, a remote unauthenticated attacker who can reach an instance in its pre-onboarding state can create an administrator account for themselves — and concurrent requests can create multiple admin accounts in a single race. Version 2.41.1 patches the issue.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-09-21T14:44:54.985+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-21T15:12:59.314+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"nginx-ignition","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"lucasdillmann\",\n                    \"product\": \"nginx-ignition\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 2.41.1\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":8.1,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition/security/advisories/GHSA-pxcx-fv34-x9p5","https://github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition/commit/0586b4e55ab780676d3553a2592979dfa2fb0183"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-61628","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-61628","identifiers":["CVE-2026-61628"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"000163d9ac3840d7a55c818e7faa396b","observedAt":"2026-11-11T15:02:49.22+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-83947","aliases":["CVE-2026-61628","GHSA-pxcx-fv34-x9p5"],"title":"nginx ignition is a user interface for the nginx web server. Prior to version 2.41.1, `POST /api/users/onboarding/finish` is registered as anonymous (unauthenticated) and creates a user with full ReadWrite admin permissions. Because the han…","description":"nginx ignition is a user interface for the nginx web server. Prior to version 2.41.1, `POST /api/users/onboarding/finish` is registered as anonymous (unauthenticated) and creates a user with full ReadWrite admin permissions. Because the handler uses a check-then-act (TOCTOU) pattern between the \"onboarding already completed?\" check and the user-creation write, with no atomic guard, a remote unauthenticated attacker who can reach an instance in its pre-onboarding state can create an administrator account for themselves — and concurrent requests can create multiple admin accounts in a single race. Version 2.41.1 patches the issue.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":8.1,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition/security/advisories/GHSA-pxcx-fv34-x9p5","https://github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition/commit/0586b4e55ab780676d3553a2592979dfa2fb0183"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-83947","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"Sep 21, 2026, 2:44:54 PM","dateUpdated":"Sep 21, 2026, 3:12:59 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2026-83947","identifiers":["EUVD-2026-83947","CVE-2026-61628","GHSA-pxcx-fv34-x9p5"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"06afe32fb5f04c52b644177fbbcaf54c","observedAt":"2026-10-25T14:19:22.811+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-61628","aliases":[],"title":"nginx ignition is a user interface for the nginx web server. Prior to version 2.41.1, `POST /api/users/onboarding/finish` is registered as anonymous (unauthenticated) and creates a user with full ReadWrite admin permissions. Because the han…","description":"nginx ignition is a user interface for the nginx web server. Prior to version 2.41.1, `POST /api/users/onboarding/finish` is registered as anonymous (unauthenticated) and creates a user with full ReadWrite admin permissions. Because the handler uses a check-then-act (TOCTOU) pattern between the \"onboarding already completed?\" check and the user-creation write, with no atomic guard, a remote unauthenticated attacker who can reach an instance in its pre-onboarding state can create an administrator account for themselves — and concurrent requests can create multiple admin accounts in a single race. Version 2.41.1 patches the issue.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-09-21T15:17:30.29+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-23T18:25:00.707+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":8.1,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition/commit/0586b4e55ab780676d3553a2592979dfa2fb0183","https://github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition/security/advisories/GHSA-pxcx-fv34-x9p5"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-61628","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Awaiting Analysis","weaknesses":["CWE-362"],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-09-21T15:17:30.290","lastModified":"2026-09-23T18:25:00.707"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-61628","identifiers":["CVE-2026-61628"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"15f35c668aa44ee6b886fc411e1242e5","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-pxcx-fv34-x9p5","aliases":["CVE-2026-61628","GO-2026-6540"],"title":" nginx ignition has Unauthenticated Admin Account Creation via Onboarding Race Condition","description":"## Summary\n\n`POST /api/users/onboarding/finish` is registered as **anonymous (unauthenticated)** and creates a user with **full ReadWrite admin permissions**. Because the handler uses a check-then-act (TOCTOU) pattern between the \"onboarding already completed?\" check and the user-creation write, with no atomic guard, a remote unauthenticated attacker who can reach an instance in its pre-onboarding state can create an administrator account for themselves — and concurrent requests can create multiple admin accounts in a single race.\n\n## Affected component\n\n- Endpoint: `POST /api/users/onboarding/finish`\n- Route registration: `api/user/routes.go:49` → `authorizer.AllowAnonymous(http.MethodPost, \"/api/users/onboarding/finish\")`\n- Handler: `api/user/onboarding_finish_handler.go`\n\n## Technical details\n\nThe route is explicitly allowed without authentication:\n\n```go\n// api/user/routes.go:48-49\nauthorizer.AllowAnonymous(http.MethodGet,  \"/api/users/onboarding/status\")\nauthorizer.AllowAnonymous(http.MethodPost, \"/api/users/onboarding/finish\")\n```\n\nThe handler reads the onboarding state, returns 403 if already finished, and otherwise creates a user with every permission set to ReadWrite:\n\n```go\n// api/user/onboarding_finish_handler.go\nfunc (h onboardingFinishHandler) handle(ctx *gin.Context) {\n    alreadyFinished, err := h.commands.OnboardingCompleted(ctx.Request.Context())  // (1) CHECK\n    if err != nil { panic(err) }\n    if alreadyFinished {\n        ctx.Status(http.StatusForbidden)\n        return\n    }\n\n    requestPayload := &userRequestDTO{}\n    if err = ctx.BindJSON(requestPayload); err != nil { panic(err) }\n\n    domainModel := converter.Wrap(ctx.Request.Context(), toDomain, requestPayload)\n    domainModel.ID = uuid.New()\n    domainModel.Enabled = true\n    domainModel.Permissions = user.Permissions{        // full admin\n        Hosts:        user.ReadWriteAccessLevel,\n        Streams:      user.ReadWriteAccessLevel,\n        Certificates: user.ReadWriteAccessLevel,\n        Integrations: user.ReadWriteAccessLevel,\n        AccessLists:  user.ReadWriteAccessLevel,\n        Settings:     user.ReadWriteAccessLevel,\n        Users:        user.ReadWriteAccessLevel,\n        NginxServer:  user.ReadWriteAccessLevel,\n        Caches:       user.ReadWriteAccessLevel,\n        // ...all remaining permissions ReadWrite/ReadOnly\n    }\n\n    if err = h.commands.Save(ctx.Request.Context(), domainModel, nil); err != nil {  // (2) ACT\n        panic(err)\n    }\n    // ...authenticates and returns a JWT for the new admin\n}\n```\n\nThe gap between **(1)** `OnboardingCompleted()` and **(2)** `Save()` is not protected by a lock, transaction, or unique constraint. Two or more requests can each pass the `alreadyFinished == false` check before any of them commits, so every racing request proceeds to create an admin user and receive a valid admin JWT.\n\n## Preconditions (stated honestly)\n\nThis is exploitable when the instance is in a **pre-onboarding state**:\n\n1. **Fresh deployment** — the time window between the service coming online and the legitimate operator completing onboarding. During this window any unauthenticated party who can reach the instance can register the first/an additional admin. The race lets an attacker slip an admin account in *alongside* the operator's, so the operator's onboarding appears to succeed normally while the attacker silently holds admin.\n2. **State reset** — if onboarding state can return to \"not completed\" (e.g. all users removed), the endpoint reopens and becomes a repeatable unauthenticated admin-creation primitive.\n\nThe single-request path is a setup-window exposure; the **race** is what turns \"first legitimate admin\" into \"attacker also gets admin,\" and what allows multiple admin accounts to be minted from one burst.\n\n## Proof of concept\n\nAgainst an instance that has not yet completed onboarding:\n\n```bash\n# Fire concurrent onboarding-finish requests; multiple admin accounts are created,\n# each returning a valid admin JWT, despite the single-admin intent.\nfor i in $(seq 1 20); do\n  curl -s -X POST http://TARGET/api/users/onboarding/finish \\\n    -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\\n    -d '{\"username\":\"attacker'\"$i\"'\",\"password\":\"P@ssw0rd123!\"}' \\\n    -o /dev/null -w \"%{http_code}\\n\" &\ndone\nwait\n# Multiple 200 responses (each with a login token) instead of exactly one 200 + N×403.\n```\n\nEach `200` response body contains a `userLoginResponseDTO` with a JWT granting full admin access (Hosts/Streams/Certificates/Settings/Users/NginxServer/AccessLists/Caches = ReadWrite). The attacker then has complete control of the nginx-ignition instance and the nginx server it manages.\n\n## Impact\n\n- **Unauthenticated administrative account takeover** of a fresh (or reset) instance.\n- Full admin enables every downstream capability: creating hosts/routes, editing global and per-route nginx configuration, managing access lists and certificates, and controlling the nginx server process. (The config surface is itself injectable — see the related nginx-configuration-injection issues — so admin here is a path to SSRF / arbitrary nginx directives.)\n- The TOCTOU race additionally allows minting multiple admin accounts from a single concurrent burst, aiding persistence/stealth.\n\n## Remediation\n\n1. Make onboarding completion atomic: enforce a database-level unique constraint (e.g. \"at most one onboarding user\" / single-row guard) so concurrent creates collide, or wrap the check-and-create in a single transaction / mutex.\n2. Re-check `OnboardingCompleted()` inside the same transaction that performs the insert, and abort on conflict.\n3. Consider requiring a one-time setup token (printed to server logs / env at first boot) for the initial admin creation, eliminating the unauthenticated window entirely.\n\n---\n*Finding ID: GM-4607*","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-09-21T21:54:42+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-28T17:10:54.6783701+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"0.0.0-20260621194639-0586b4e55ab"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition/security/advisories/GHSA-pxcx-fv34-x9p5","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-61628","https://github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition/pull/131","https://github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition/commit/0586b4e55ab780676d3553a2592979dfa2fb0183","https://github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition","https://github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition/releases/tag/2.41.1"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-pxcx-fv34-x9p5","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-pxcx-fv34-x9p5","identifiers":["GHSA-pxcx-fv34-x9p5","CVE-2026-61628","GO-2026-6540"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"fae3d561795d4e00961e776d6c6fca10","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GO-2026-6540","aliases":["CVE-2026-61628","GHSA-pxcx-fv34-x9p5"],"title":"nginx ignition has Unauthenticated Admin Account Creation via Onboarding Race Condition in github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition","description":"nginx ignition has Unauthenticated Admin Account Creation via Onboarding Race Condition in github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition.\n\nNOTE: The source advisory for this report contains additional versions that could not be automatically mapped to standard Go module versions.\n\n(If this is causing false-positive reports from vulnerability scanners, please suggest an edit to the report.)\n\nThe additional affected modules and versions are: github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition before v0.0.0-20260621194639-0586b4e55ab.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-09-28T16:43:40+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-28T17:00:26.2271512+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[],"references":["https://github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition/security/advisories/GHSA-pxcx-fv34-x9p5","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-61628","https://github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition/commit/0586b4e55ab780676d3553a2592979dfa2fb0183","https://github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition/pull/131","https://github.com/lucasdillmann/nginx-ignition/releases/tag/2.41.1"],"sourceUrl":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2026-6540","license":"OSV · upstream source license applies","key":"osv:GO-2026-6540","identifiers":["GO-2026-6540","CVE-2026-61628","GHSA-pxcx-fv34-x9p5"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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