{"id":"EUVD-2026-9911","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"8ec4eea16b30420b9a60027679ead20f","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-28465","aliases":[],"title":"OpenClaw voice-call < 2026.2.3 - Webhook Verification Bypass via Forwarded Headers","description":"OpenClaw's voice-call plugin versions before 2026.2.3 contain an improper authentication vulnerability in webhook verification that allows remote attackers to bypass verification by supplying untrusted forwarded headers. Attackers can spoof webhook events by manipulating Forwarded or X-Forwarded-* headers in reverse-proxy configurations that implicitly trust these headers.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-03-05T21:59:41.87+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-01T15:19:53.646+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"voice-call","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"OpenClaw\",\n                    \"product\": \"voice-call\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"status\": \"affected\",\n                            \"version\": \"0\",\n                            \"lessThan\": \"2026.2.3\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"custom\"\n                        }\n                    ],\n                    \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\",\n                    \"packageURL\": \"pkg:npm/%40openclaw/voice-call\"\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":8.2,"severity":"HIGH"},{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","score":5.9,"severity":"MEDIUM"}],"references":["https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-3m3q-x3gj-f79x","https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/a749db9820eb6d6224032a5a34223d286d2dcc2f","https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-voice-call-webhook-verification-bypass-via-forwarded-headers"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28465","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-28465","identifiers":["CVE-2026-28465"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"ef2dfafeb6d64967a5175c321fb3a54b","observedAt":"2026-11-11T07:33:25.963+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-9911","aliases":["CVE-2026-28465","GHSA-3m3q-x3gj-f79x"],"title":"OpenClaw's voice-call plugin versions before 2026.2.3 contain an improper authentication vulnerability in webhook verification that allows remote attackers to bypass verification by supplying untrusted forwarded headers. Attackers can spoof…","description":"OpenClaw's voice-call plugin versions before 2026.2.3 contain an improper authentication vulnerability in webhook verification that allows remote attackers to bypass verification by supplying untrusted forwarded headers. Attackers can spoof webhook events by manipulating Forwarded or X-Forwarded-* headers in reverse-proxy configurations that implicitly trust these headers.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":8.2,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-3m3q-x3gj-f79x","https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/a749db9820eb6d6224032a5a34223d286d2dcc2f","https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-voice-call-webhook-verification-bypass-via-forwarded-headers"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-9911","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"Mar 5, 2026, 9:59:41 PM","dateUpdated":"Oct 1, 2026, 3:19:53 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[{"id":"WID-SEC-W-2026-0424","title":"OpenClaw: Mehrere Schwachstellen","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-28391","CVE-2026-28392","CVE-2026-28393","CVE-2026-28395","CVE-2026-28446","CVE-2026-28447","CVE-2026-28448","CVE-2026-28450","CVE-2026-28451","CVE-2026-28452","CVE-2026-28453","CVE-2026-28454","CVE-2026-28456","CVE-2026-28457","CVE-2026-28458","CVE-2026-28459","CVE-2026-28462","CVE-2026-28463","CVE-2026-28464","CVE-2026-28465","CVE-2026-28466","CVE-2026-28467","CVE-2026-28468","CVE-2026-28469","CVE-2026-28470","CVE-2026-28471","CVE-2026-28472","CVE-2026-28473","CVE-2026-28474","CVE-2026-28475","CVE-2026-28476","CVE-2026-28477","CVE-2026-28478","CVE-2026-28480","CVE-2026-28481","CVE-2026-28482","CVE-2026-28485","CVE-2026-28486","CVE-2026-29606","CVE-2026-29609","CVE-2026-29610","CVE-2026-29611","CVE-2026-29612","CVE-2026-29613"]}],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2026-9911","identifiers":["EUVD-2026-9911","CVE-2026-28465","GHSA-3m3q-x3gj-f79x"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"a42bfc291bb34f758df93b7dff41d201","observedAt":"2026-10-25T07:19:03.231+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-28465","aliases":[],"title":"OpenClaw's voice-call plugin versions before 2026.2.3 contain an improper authentication vulnerability in webhook verification that allows remote attackers to bypass verification by supplying untrusted forwarded headers. Attackers can spoof…","description":"OpenClaw's voice-call plugin versions before 2026.2.3 contain an improper authentication vulnerability in webhook verification that allows remote attackers to bypass verification by supplying untrusted forwarded headers. Attackers can spoof webhook events by manipulating Forwarded or X-Forwarded-* headers in reverse-proxy configurations that implicitly trust these headers.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-03-05T22:16:19.593+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-17T18:16:40.473+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0 · disclosure@vulncheck.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","score":8.2,"severity":"HIGH"},{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · disclosure@vulncheck.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","score":5.9,"severity":"MEDIUM"},{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · nvd@nist.gov · Primary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","score":7.5,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/a749db9820eb6d6224032a5a34223d286d2dcc2f","https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-3m3q-x3gj-f79x","https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-voice-call-webhook-verification-bypass-via-forwarded-headers"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28465","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Modified","weaknesses":["CWE-290"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:openclaw:openclaw:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-03-05T22:16:19.593","lastModified":"2026-09-17T18:16:40.473"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-28465","identifiers":["CVE-2026-28465"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"781f17275fe44c7b8797f5984f9159d9","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-3m3q-x3gj-f79x","aliases":["CVE-2026-28465"],"title":"OpenClaw optional voice-call plugin: webhook verification may be bypassed behind certain proxy configurations","description":"## Affected Packages / Versions\n\nThis issue affects the optional voice-call plugin only. It is not enabled by default; it only applies to installations where the plugin is installed and enabled.\n\n- Package: `@openclaw/voice-call`\n- Vulnerable versions: `< 2026.2.3`\n- Patched versions: `>= 2026.2.3`\n\nLegacy package name (if you are still using it):\n\n- Package: `@clawdbot/voice-call`\n- Vulnerable versions: `<= 2026.1.24`\n- Patched versions: none published under this package name; migrate to `@openclaw/voice-call`\n\n## Summary\n\nIn certain reverse-proxy / forwarding setups, webhook verification can be bypassed if untrusted forwarded headers are accepted.\n\n## Impact\n\nAn external party may be able to send voice-call webhook requests that are accepted as valid, which can result in spoofed webhook events being processed.\n\n## Root Cause\n\nSome deployments implicitly trusted forwarded headers (for example `Forwarded` / `X-Forwarded-*`) when determining request properties used during webhook verification. If those headers are not overwritten by a trusted proxy, a client can supply them directly and influence verification.\n\n## Resolution\n\nIgnore forwarded headers by default unless explicitly trusted and allowlisted in configuration. Keep any loopback-only development bypass restricted to local development only. Upgrade to a patched version.\n\nIf you cannot upgrade immediately, strip `Forwarded` and `X-Forwarded-*` headers at the edge so clients cannot supply them directly.\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `a749db9820eb6d6224032a5a34223d286d2dcc2f`\n\n## Credits\n\nThanks `@0x5t` for reporting.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-02-17T21:31:58+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-03-09T21:01:22.196953+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"@openclaw/voice-call","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"2026.2.3"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"@clawdbot/voice-call","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"last_affected","version":"2026.1.24"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"CVSS_V4","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-3m3q-x3gj-f79x","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28465","https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/a749db9820eb6d6224032a5a34223d286d2dcc2f","https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw","https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/releases/tag/v2026.2.3","https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-voice-call-webhook-verification-bypass-via-forwarded-headers"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-3m3q-x3gj-f79x","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-3m3q-x3gj-f79x","identifiers":["GHSA-3m3q-x3gj-f79x","CVE-2026-28465"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. Missing entries do not establish absence of exploitation.","generation":"2026-11-12T01:04:03.8350163+00:00","complete":true,"records":1779,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:03.8350163+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:03.9938616+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:03.9938674+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"cve-program","scope":"Official CVE Program baseline and cumulative hourly delta; all vendors, published and rejected records","generation":"cve-64752486c567b55b31fb0d7225f5222bcd0019564ac0ac5f0649e242c7b19299-8739c76e681f900923b900c9df0ef75cf421d39cabb54650c4b9ad19b6a76d85","complete":true,"records":424534,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:03.0430554+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:03.0392424+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:03.0430554+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-12T00:38:29+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"euvd","scope":"Rolling EUVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global EUVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-59e7818d33a645bfad2ee4f1a0b7b4ca","complete":false,"records":13760,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T01:05:41.2778538+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T01:05:41.3390954+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T01:05:41.3390954+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"first-epss:nuget","scope":"FIRST EPSS for explicit CVE aliases in the collected public NuGet archive. Not a global EPSS backfill.","generation":"2026-11-12T01:04:03.8350163+00:00","complete":true,"records":1097,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:03.8350163+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:03.9946093+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:03.9946097+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"nvd","scope":"Rolling NVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global NVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-edde915f937c494687954d1458194597","complete":true,"records":13760,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:54.1042073+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:54.101+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:54.101+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13813,"expectedIdentifiers":13813,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"osv:Go","scope":"Complete OSV Go ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"go-3562b6c78fd1bd0f0b55daf66a0926ae24f65e462df7f6d928caad458fc696bf","complete":true,"records":9947,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:03.677751+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-11T04:27:43.6877707+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:03.677751+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-11T03:32:46+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:NuGet","scope":"Complete OSV NuGet ecosystem archive, including GitHub Advisory Database records; NuGet version matching only","generation":"nuget-456002455e0ab94bb92c95476d4e6d175c104cd594749982afd96c893728ecbc","complete":true,"records":2010,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:03.0997578+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-11T02:36:58.1276999+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:03.0997578+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-11T01:17:51+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:crates.io","scope":"Complete OSV crates.io ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"crates.io-baa8362b4daf9e5f39d5563775a55935e7b442c0735d33274a921579ce4a0d66","complete":true,"records":3093,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:03.6923394+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-11T13:00:02.5446881+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:03.6923394+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-11T12:47:47+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:npm","scope":"Complete OSV npm ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"npm-685fe7fb2b690656c910a1ea42a9d294e8353311ac8ecfa691a9b0ff1b328804","complete":true,"records":231695,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:03.5701135+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-11T21:58:47.7265713+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T01:04:03.5701135+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-11T21:48:35+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null}]}