{"id":"GHSA-46wh-pxpv-q5gq","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"5010efd526e44dc4ad2a89e44bfe552c","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-30827","aliases":[],"title":"express-rate-limit: IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses bypass per-client rate limiting (all IPv4 clients share one bucket on dual-stack servers)","description":"express-rate-limit is a basic rate-limiting middleware for Express. In versions starting from 8.0.0 and prior to versions 8.0.2, 8.1.1, 8.2.2, and 8.3.0, the default keyGenerator in express-rate-limit applies IPv6 subnet masking (/56 by default) to all addresses that net.isIPv6() returns true for. This includes IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses (::ffff:x.x.x.x), which Node.js returns as request.ip on dual-stack servers. Because the first 80 bits of all IPv4-mapped addresses are zero, a /56 (or any /32 to /80) subnet mask produces the same network key (::/56) for every IPv4 client. This collapses all IPv4 traffic into a single rate-limit bucket: one client exhausting the limit causes HTTP 429 for all other IPv4 clients. 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This issue has been patched in versions 8.0.2, 8.1.1, 8.2.2, and 8.3.0.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/express-rate-limit/express-rate-limit/security/advisories/GHSA-46wh-pxpv-q5gq","https://github.com/express-rate-limit/express-rate-limit/commit/14e53888cdfd1b9798faf5b634c4206409e27fc4"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-10113","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"Mar 7, 2026, 5:19:08 AM","dateUpdated":"Mar 9, 2026, 8:44:25 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[{"id":"RHSA-2026:6404","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 Container Release Update","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2025-69223","CVE-2025-69873","CVE-2026-1615","CVE-2026-25639","CVE-2026-25990","CVE-2026-26007","CVE-2026-28498","CVE-2026-28802","CVE-2026-29074","CVE-2026-30827","CVE-2026-30922"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:6309","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 Container Release Update","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2025-69223","CVE-2025-69873","CVE-2026-1615","CVE-2026-25639","CVE-2026-25990","CVE-2026-26007","CVE-2026-28498","CVE-2026-28802","CVE-2026-29074","CVE-2026-30827","CVE-2026-30922"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:21772","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.28.0 Release.","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2025-14813","CVE-2025-68121","CVE-2026-0636","CVE-2026-1525","CVE-2026-1526","CVE-2026-1528","CVE-2026-1605","CVE-2026-2229","CVE-2026-2327","CVE-2026-5588","CVE-2026-26996","CVE-2026-27904","CVE-2026-29074","CVE-2026-30827","CVE-2026-31802","CVE-2026-32141","CVE-2026-32280","CVE-2026-32282","CVE-2026-32305","CVE-2026-33252","CVE-2026-33810","CVE-2026-34742","CVE-2026-35051","CVE-2026-39858","CVE-2026-40477","CVE-2026-40478","CVE-2026-40611","CVE-2026-40895","CVE-2026-40912","CVE-2026-40972","CVE-2026-40973","CVE-2026-40975","CVE-2026-41240","CVE-2026-42033","CVE-2026-42035","CVE-2026-42039","CVE-2026-42041","CVE-2026-42043","CVE-2026-42044"]},{"id":"WID-SEC-W-2026-1220","title":"IBM App Connect Enterprise: Mehrere Schwachstellen","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-26278","CVE-2026-27601","CVE-2026-27903","CVE-2026-27904","CVE-2026-29786","CVE-2026-30827","CVE-2026-31802","CVE-2026-31988","CVE-2026-32141","CVE-2026-33036","CVE-2026-33228"]},{"id":"WID-SEC-W-2026-0935","title":"Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform: Mehrere Schwachstellen","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2025-69223","CVE-2025-69873","CVE-2026-25639","CVE-2026-25990","CVE-2026-29074","CVE-2026-30827","CVE-2026-30922","CVE-2026-26007","CVE-2026-1615","CVE-2026-28498","CVE-2026-28802"]}],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. 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This issue has been patched in versions 8.0.2, 8.1.1, 8.2.2, and 8.3.0.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-03-07T06:16:10.507+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-06-17T10:32:59.05+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/express-rate-limit/express-rate-limit/commit/14e53888cdfd1b9798faf5b634c4206409e27fc4","https://github.com/express-rate-limit/express-rate-limit/security/advisories/GHSA-46wh-pxpv-q5gq"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-30827","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Analyzed","weaknesses":["CWE-770"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:express-rate-limit_project:express-rate-limit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:express-rate-limit_project:express-rate-limit:8.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-03-07T06:16:10.507","lastModified":"2026-06-17T10:32:59.050"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-30827","identifiers":["CVE-2026-30827"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"a579e4175e3c4ccdaadbaac3accc15b2","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-46wh-pxpv-q5gq","aliases":["CVE-2026-30827"],"title":"express-rate-limit: IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses bypass per-client rate limiting on servers with dual-stack network","description":"## Summary\n\nThe default `keyGenerator` in express-rate-limit applies IPv6 subnet masking (`/56` by default) to all addresses that `net.isIPv6()` returns true for. This includes IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses (`::ffff:x.x.x.x`), which Node.js returns as `request.ip` on dual-stack servers.\n\nBecause the first 80 bits of all IPv4-mapped addresses are zero, a `/56` (or any `/32` to `/80`) subnet mask produces the same network key (`::/56`) for **every** IPv4 client. This collapses all IPv4 traffic into a single rate-limit bucket: one client exhausting the limit causes HTTP 429 for all other IPv4 clients.\n\n## Details\n\n### Root Cause\n\nIn `source/ip-key-generator.ts`:\n\n```typescript\nexport function ipKeyGenerator(ip: string, ipv6Subnet: number | false = 56) {\n  if (ipv6Subnet && isIPv6(ip)) {\n    return `${new Address6(`${ip}/${ipv6Subnet}`).startAddress().correctForm()}/${ipv6Subnet}`\n  }\n  return ip\n}\n```\n\n`net.isIPv6('::ffff:192.168.1.1')` returns `true`, so IPv4-mapped addresses enter the subnet masking path. With a `/56` prefix, the start address for any `::ffff:x.x.x.x` is `::`, producing the key `::/56`.\n\n### Proof of Concept\n\n```javascript\nconst { isIPv6 } = require('net');\nconst { Address6 } = require('ip-address');\n\nfunction ipKeyGenerator(ip, ipv6Subnet = 56) {\n  if (ipv6Subnet && isIPv6(ip)) {\n    return `${new Address6(`${ip}/${ipv6Subnet}`).startAddress().correctForm()}/${ipv6Subnet}`;\n  }\n  return ip;\n}\n\nconsole.log(ipKeyGenerator('::ffff:192.168.1.1', 56)); // ::/56\nconsole.log(ipKeyGenerator('::ffff:10.0.0.1', 56));    // ::/56\nconsole.log(ipKeyGenerator('::ffff:8.8.8.8', 56));     // ::/56\n// ALL produce '::/56' — same bucket\n```\n\n### End-to-End Validation\n\nOn a dual-stack Express server (`app.listen(port, '::')`), tested with Express 5.2.1:\n- `request.ip` for IPv4 clients is `::ffff:127.0.0.1`\n- Rate limit key resolves to `::/56`\n- After `limit` requests from any IPv4 client, all other IPv4 clients receive 429\n\n### When This Occurs\n\n- Node.js dual-stack servers (default on Linux when listening on `::`)\n- Any environment where `request.ip` contains IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses\n- Only affects the default `keyGenerator` (custom key generators are not affected)\n\n## Impact\n\n- **Denial of Service**: A single client can block all IPv4 traffic by exhausting the shared rate limit\n- **Affects default configuration**: No special options needed to trigger this\n\n## Affected Versions\n\nAll versions of express-rate-limit between v8.0.0 and v8.2.1.\n\n## Fix\n\nThis issue was fixed in commit 14e53888cdfd1b9798faf5b634c4206409e27fc4. 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