{"id":"GHSA-6j4f-fj2g-mc7p","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"e08bdb5955e440f39b7a91df9077d200","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-102276","aliases":[],"title":"brace-expansion: DoS via uncontrolled recursion in parseCommaParts causing stack exhaustion","description":"The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.19, 2.1.5, 3.0.7, and 5.0.10, crafted brace patterns can exhaust the native stack in parseCommaParts because parseCommaParts recursively processes the remainder once per brace group and uses push.apply to pass every element of a very large comma-part array as a function argument. Patterns containing many comma-separated brace groups trigger the recursive path, while the large array triggers the argument-array path without deep recursion. These paths cause recursive and argument-array native stack exhaustion before max or maxLength can limit output, potentially terminating the Node.js process in a process-terminating denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.19, 2.1.5, 3.0.7, and 5.0.10.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-09-28T20:50:59.984+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-29T13:38:29.919+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"brace-expansion","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"juliangruber\",\n                    \"product\": \"brace-expansion\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \">= 4.0.0, < 5.0.10\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \">= 3.0.0, < 3.0.7\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \">= 2.0.0, < 2.1.5\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 1.1.19\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-6j4f-fj2g-mc7p","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/0bcbfc0a5928c3073d48f42999d1ce4fc1c42fbc","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/316359e6019c39b3254c8ba8e25dc586a480652c","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/5171e681c0922b7ae8bfaf9a331e309107be6edc","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/6735c94873ca570bcdd6a0690033bdd3126379d3"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-102276","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-102276","identifiers":["CVE-2026-102276"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"93ac00c5b36d4c0ab1a039056fd63829","observedAt":"2026-11-11T05:28:45.786+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-88550","aliases":["CVE-2026-102276","GHSA-6j4f-fj2g-mc7p"],"title":"The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.19, 2.1.5, 3.0.7, and 5.0.10, crafted brace patterns can exhaust the native stack in parseCommaParts because parseCommaParts recursi…","description":"The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.19, 2.1.5, 3.0.7, and 5.0.10, crafted brace patterns can exhaust the native stack in parseCommaParts because parseCommaParts recursively processes the remainder once per brace group and uses push.apply to pass every element of a very large comma-part array as a function argument. Patterns containing many comma-separated brace groups trigger the recursive path, while the large array triggers the argument-array path without deep recursion. These paths cause recursive and argument-array native stack exhaustion before max or maxLength can limit output, potentially terminating the Node.js process in a process-terminating denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.19, 2.1.5, 3.0.7, and 5.0.10.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-6j4f-fj2g-mc7p","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/0bcbfc0a5928c3073d48f42999d1ce4fc1c42fbc","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/316359e6019c39b3254c8ba8e25dc586a480652c","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/5171e681c0922b7ae8bfaf9a331e309107be6edc","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/6735c94873ca570bcdd6a0690033bdd3126379d3"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-88550","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"Sep 28, 2026, 8:50:59 PM","dateUpdated":"Sep 29, 2026, 1:38:29 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[{"id":"RHSA-2026:96094","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: nodejs22 security update","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-87018","CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102278","CVE-2026-105482","CVE-2026-106069","CVE-2026-109383","CVE-2026-109829","CVE-2026-109869"]},{"id":"msrc_CVE-2026-102276","title":"brace-expansion: DoS via uncontrolled recursion in parseCommaParts causing stack exhaustion","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-102276"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:95360","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat build of Cryostat security update","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-33818","CVE-2026-39834","CVE-2026-46603","CVE-2026-46604","CVE-2026-49978","CVE-2026-56858","CVE-2026-56862","CVE-2026-59879","CVE-2026-78669","CVE-2026-82417","CVE-2026-83663","CVE-2026-84445","CVE-2026-88031","CVE-2026-90711","CVE-2026-91135","CVE-2026-94637","CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102278","CVE-2026-106445","CVE-2026-106446"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:95591","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: Cluster Observability Operator - 1.5","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-19534","CVE-2026-27145","CVE-2026-33818","CVE-2026-39821","CVE-2026-39822","CVE-2026-39834","CVE-2026-42504","CVE-2026-56853","CVE-2026-56858","CVE-2026-56859","CVE-2026-56860","CVE-2026-56862","CVE-2026-63209","CVE-2026-75838","CVE-2026-75899","CVE-2026-75931","CVE-2026-75975","CVE-2026-76172","CVE-2026-77301","CVE-2026-82417","CVE-2026-84292","CVE-2026-84304","CVE-2026-84375","CVE-2026-84445","CVE-2026-84961","CVE-2026-85152","CVE-2026-87018","CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102278","CVE-2026-109383","CVE-2026-109829","CVE-2026-109855","CVE-2026-109869","CVE-2026-116591"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:92378","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: nodejs:24 security, bug fix, and enhancement update","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-101911","CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102277","CVE-2026-102278","CVE-2026-105481","CVE-2026-105482","CVE-2026-105483","CVE-2026-106069","CVE-2026-106071","CVE-2026-106072","CVE-2026-106073","CVE-2026-106074","CVE-2026-111497"]},{"id":"openSUSE-SU-2026:22111-1","title":"Security update for pi-coding-agent","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102277","CVE-2026-102278","CVE-2026-84890","CVE-2026-84933","CVE-2026-84947","CVE-2026-84961","CVE-2026-85008","CVE-2026-85014","CVE-2026-85024","CVE-2026-85152"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:94612","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Edge Manager Version 1.2.2 Security Update","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-73501","CVE-2026-73502","CVE-2026-77354","CVE-2026-84445","CVE-2026-88031","CVE-2026-92615","CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102278"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:96226","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: nodejs:24 security update","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-19534","CVE-2026-87018","CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102278","CVE-2026-109383","CVE-2026-109869","CVE-2026-118764","CVE-2026-119373","CVE-2026-119374","CVE-2026-119379"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:74161","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Hardened Images RPMs bug fix and enhancement update","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102277","CVE-2026-102278"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:92136","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: A Subscription Management tool for finding and reporting Red Hat product usage","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-33245","CVE-2026-93749","CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102278","CVE-2026-102422","CVE-2026-104861","CVE-2026-111064","CVE-2026-111066"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:95081","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: Cluster Observability Operator - 1.5","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-19534","CVE-2026-27145","CVE-2026-33818","CVE-2026-39821","CVE-2026-39822","CVE-2026-39834","CVE-2026-42504","CVE-2026-56853","CVE-2026-56858","CVE-2026-56859","CVE-2026-56860","CVE-2026-56862","CVE-2026-63209","CVE-2026-75838","CVE-2026-75899","CVE-2026-75931","CVE-2026-75975","CVE-2026-76172","CVE-2026-77301","CVE-2026-82417","CVE-2026-84292","CVE-2026-84304","CVE-2026-84375","CVE-2026-84445","CVE-2026-84961","CVE-2026-85152","CVE-2026-87018","CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102278","CVE-2026-109383","CVE-2026-109829","CVE-2026-109855","CVE-2026-109869"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:74168","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Hardened Images RPMs bug fix and enhancement update","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102277","CVE-2026-102278"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:92510","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: RHOAI 3.4.6 - Red Hat OpenShift AI","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2023-54404","CVE-2026-11822","CVE-2026-11824","CVE-2026-13717","CVE-2026-16221","CVE-2026-17106","CVE-2026-18446","CVE-2026-25681","CVE-2026-26007","CVE-2026-27136","CVE-2026-33814","CVE-2026-33818","CVE-2026-39821","CVE-2026-39834","CVE-2026-41178","CVE-2026-42502","CVE-2026-45819","CVE-2026-45820","CVE-2026-56853","CVE-2026-56858","CVE-2026-56859","CVE-2026-56860","CVE-2026-56862","CVE-2026-57516","CVE-2026-59951","CVE-2026-63209","CVE-2026-63374","CVE-2026-65898","CVE-2026-67312","CVE-2026-67314","CVE-2026-67320","CVE-2026-67321","CVE-2026-69097","CVE-2026-69153","CVE-2026-73086","CVE-2026-73088","CVE-2026-73089","CVE-2026-73643","CVE-2026-75838","CVE-2026-75899","CVE-2026-75931","CVE-2026-75975","CVE-2026-76172","CVE-2026-76844","CVE-2026-77301","CVE-2026-78679","CVE-2026-82397","CVE-2026-83663","CVE-2026-84375","CVE-2026-84445","CVE-2026-85393","CVE-2026-85525","CVE-2026-87018","CVE-2026-90711","CVE-2026-91990","CVE-2026-92599","CVE-2026-93690","CVE-2026-93749","CVE-2026-94637","CVE-2026-96640","CVE-2026-96643","CVE-2026-96644","CVE-2026-96778","CVE-2026-96804","CVE-2026-97687","CVE-2026-97689","CVE-2026-102267","CVE-2026-102271","CVE-2026-102272","CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102278","CVE-2026-102282","CVE-2026-104150","CVE-2026-104851","CVE-2026-105922","CVE-2026-106445","CVE-2026-106446","CVE-2026-109156","CVE-2026-109383","CVE-2026-109527","CVE-2026-109829","CVE-2026-109869","CVE-2026-109956","CVE-2026-110856","CVE-2026-110857","CVE-2026-110858","CVE-2026-110859","CVE-2026-111064","CVE-2026-111066","CVE-2026-111497","CVE-2026-112390","CVE-2026-112391","CVE-2026-112392","CVE-2026-112397","CVE-2026-112399","CVE-2026-112400","CVE-2026-112402","CVE-2026-112404","CVE-2026-112405","CVE-2026-112893","CVE-2026-112894","CVE-2026-112895","CVE-2026-112896","CVE-2026-112897","CVE-2026-112940","CVE-2026-114145"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:92578","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: General availability of the satellite/iop-remediations-rhel9 container image","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-9496","CVE-2026-90711","CVE-2026-97057","CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102278"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:96088","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: nodejs24 security, bug fix, and enhancement update","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-87018","CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102278","CVE-2026-105482","CVE-2026-105483","CVE-2026-106069","CVE-2026-109383","CVE-2026-109829","CVE-2026-109869"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:96234","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: nodejs:22 security, bug fix, and enhancement update","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-87018","CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102278","CVE-2026-105482","CVE-2026-106069","CVE-2026-109383","CVE-2026-109869"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:96236","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: nodejs-nodemon security update","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102278"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:94608","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Edge Manager Version 1.2.2 Security Update","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-73501","CVE-2026-73502","CVE-2026-77354","CVE-2026-84445","CVE-2026-88031","CVE-2026-92615","CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102278"]},{"id":"openSUSE-SU-2026:12062-1","title":"pi-coding-agent-1.0.2-1.1 on GA media","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-102276"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:92584","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: General availability of the satellite/iop-remediations-rhel9 container image","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-9496","CVE-2026-90711","CVE-2026-97057","CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102278"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:91967","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: A Subscription Management tool for finding and reporting Red Hat product usage","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-33245","CVE-2026-93749","CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102278","CVE-2026-102422","CVE-2026-104861","CVE-2026-111064","CVE-2026-111066"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:92376","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: nodejs:24 security, bug fix, and enhancement update","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-101911","CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102277","CVE-2026-102278","CVE-2026-105481","CVE-2026-105482","CVE-2026-105483","CVE-2026-106069","CVE-2026-106071","CVE-2026-106072","CVE-2026-106073","CVE-2026-106074","CVE-2026-111497"]},{"id":"RHSA-2026:74167","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Hardened Images RPMs Security Update","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-102276","CVE-2026-102277","CVE-2026-102278"]}],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2026-88550","identifiers":["EUVD-2026-88550","CVE-2026-102276","GHSA-6j4f-fj2g-mc7p"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"b93e61dd310d4b08897e3c762f5cf581","observedAt":"2026-10-25T04:17:26.915+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-102276","aliases":[],"title":"The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.19, 2.1.5, 3.0.7, and 5.0.10, crafted brace patterns can exhaust the native stack in parseCommaParts because parseCommaParts recursi…","description":"The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.19, 2.1.5, 3.0.7, and 5.0.10, crafted brace patterns can exhaust the native stack in parseCommaParts because parseCommaParts recursively processes the remainder once per brace group and uses push.apply to pass every element of a very large comma-part array as a function argument. Patterns containing many comma-separated brace groups trigger the recursive path, while the large array triggers the argument-array path without deep recursion. These paths cause recursive and argument-array native stack exhaustion before max or maxLength can limit output, potentially terminating the Node.js process in a process-terminating denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.19, 2.1.5, 3.0.7, and 5.0.10.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-09-28T21:17:16.033+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-30T19:57:08.043+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.5,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/0bcbfc0a5928c3073d48f42999d1ce4fc1c42fbc","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/316359e6019c39b3254c8ba8e25dc586a480652c","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/5171e681c0922b7ae8bfaf9a331e309107be6edc","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/6735c94873ca570bcdd6a0690033bdd3126379d3","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-6j4f-fj2g-mc7p"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-102276","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Deferred","weaknesses":["CWE-400","CWE-674"],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-09-28T21:17:16.033","lastModified":"2026-09-30T19:57:08.043"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-102276","identifiers":["CVE-2026-102276"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"63cd61f44ba44f1a9d2e88108f580440","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-6j4f-fj2g-mc7p","aliases":["CVE-2026-102276"],"title":"brace-expansion: DoS via uncontrolled recursion in parseCommaParts causing stack exhaustion","description":"### Summary\n\n`parseCommaParts()` can exhaust the native stack and crash the process. There are two distinct ways to trigger it, both reachable from a single untrusted pattern string.\n\nThis is the parsing-side counterpart to CVE-2026-14257 / GHSA-mh99-v99m-4gvg. That fix made `expand_()` iterative and documented a constant-stack-depth guarantee, but `parseCommaParts()` was left recursive, so the guarantee only held for one of the two parsing paths.\n\n### Vector 1 - unbounded recursion on `post`\n\n`parseCommaParts()` recursed on the remainder of the string once per brace group:\n\n```js\nconst postParts = parseCommaParts(post)   // unbounded\n```\n\nA brace group containing many comma-separated groups drives one recursion level per group:\n\n```js\nexpand('{' + '{a},'.repeat(7000) + 'b}')\n// RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded\n```\n\nAbout 7,300 repetitions - roughly 29 KB of input - is enough on Node 24; roughly 6,300 (25 KB) on Node 18. The threshold is identical on every affected release line.\n\n### Vector 2 - `push.apply` with an unbounded array\n\nEven with the recursion removed, `parseCommaParts()` spread whole arrays into an argument list:\n\n```js\np.push.apply(p, postParts)\nparts.push.apply(parts, p)\n```\n\n`Function.prototype.apply` places one argument per element on the stack, so a single large array overflows it. This needs **no recursion depth at all** - the following reaches a recursion depth of exactly 1:\n\n```js\nexpand('{{x},' + 'a,'.repeat(125000) + 'b}')\n// RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded\n```\n\nThreshold is about 124,300 repetitions (~249 KB). This vector was not part of the original report; it was found while verifying the fix. A patch that only de-recurses but keeps `push.apply` leaves a working denial of service behind.\n\n### Why `max` and `maxLength` do not help\n\nBoth crashes happen during **parsing**, before any expansion. The payloads produce one result per group, so output size grows linearly with input and is never the limiter. `expand(payload, { max: 1, maxLength: 1 })` still overflows.\n\n### Impact\n\nAny application that passes an untrusted string to `expand()` - directly, or through `minimatch` / `glob` where it is a user-supplied glob pattern - can be crashed. In Node, a `RangeError` that the application does not catch terminates the process, so a server that globs user input is exposed to remote unauthenticated denial of service.\n\n`minimatch`'s own `MAX_PATTERN_LENGTH` cap (65,536) does not help against vector 1: the overflow threshold sits well below it. Confirmed on minimatch 10.2.6 - a 64,003-byte pattern passes the length check and overflows both `minimatch.braceExpand()` and `new minimatch.Minimatch()`.\n\nThis is an availability-only issue. No code execution and no data exposure.\n\n### Not a regression\n\n5.0.8 and 5.0.9 overflow at the same repetition count, so the gap predates the recent advisories; those fixes simply did not reach it. Verified affected on 1.1.18, 2.1.4, 3.0.6, 5.0.8 and 5.0.9, all at an identical threshold.\n\n### Patch\n\n`parseCommaParts()` is rewritten as a loop that carries the partial part across chunks, and every array append uses an element-by-element loop rather than `push.apply`. The redundant `if (!str) return ['']` guard is dropped - the loop returns `['']` for the empty string on its own.\n\nEquivalence of the old and new implementations was checked by differential testing: exhaustive over every string of `{`, `}`, `,`, `a` up to length 7 plus 300,000 random inputs - 322,000 cases, zero mismatches.\n\n### Severity note\n\nScored 7.5 High under CVSS 3.1 for consistency with the other availability advisories on this package (GHSA-mh99-v99m-4gvg, GHSA-rgw5-rvv9-x895), which use the same vector. The reporter self-assessed 6.9 Medium under CVSS 4.0 (`CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N`).\n\n### Credit\n\nReported by baeseungwon1010, with a working proof of concept and a proposed patch. 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