{"id":"GHSA-72c7-4g63-hpw5","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"93ceca741641481d903de3c8bc3e703b","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2025-62375","aliases":[],"title":"go-witness Improper Verification of AWS EC2 Identity Documents","description":"go-witness and witness are Go modules for generating attestations. In go-witness versions 0.8.6 and earlier and witness versions 0.9.2 and earlier the AWS attestor improperly verifies AWS EC2 instance identity documents. Verification can incorrectly succeed when a signature is not present or is empty, and when RSA signature verification fails. The attestor also embeds a single legacy global AWS public certificate and does not account for newer region specific certificates issued in 2024, making detection of forged documents difficult without additional trusted region data. An attacker able to supply or intercept instance identity document data (such as through Instance Metadata Service impersonation) can cause a forged identity document to be accepted, leading to incorrect trust decisions based on the attestation. This is fixed in go-witness 0.9.1 and witness 0.10.1. As a workaround, manually verify the included identity document, signature, and public key with standard tools (for example openssl) following AWS’s verification guidance, or disable use of the AWS attestor until upgraded.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-10-15T19:23:24.916+00:00","modifiedAt":"2025-10-15T19:44:29.097+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"go-witness","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"in-toto\",\n                    \"product\": \"go-witness\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 0.9.1\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":6.9,"severity":"MEDIUM"}],"references":["https://github.com/in-toto/go-witness/security/advisories/GHSA-72c7-4g63-hpw5","https://github.com/in-toto/go-witness/commit/04ff20b600e28ce8fd1aa287534dd383a1cfefb9"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-62375","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2025-62375","identifiers":["CVE-2025-62375"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"bef596d5f97a46faa866592cdd95c032","observedAt":"2026-11-11T04:30:13.558+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2025-34679","aliases":["CVE-2025-62375","GHSA-72c7-4g63-hpw5"],"title":"go-witness and witness are Go modules for generating attestations. In go-witness versions 0.8.6 and earlier and witness versions 0.9.2 and earlier the AWS attestor improperly verifies AWS EC2 instance identity documents. Verification can in…","description":"go-witness and witness are Go modules for generating attestations. In go-witness versions 0.8.6 and earlier and witness versions 0.9.2 and earlier the AWS attestor improperly verifies AWS EC2 instance identity documents. Verification can incorrectly succeed when a signature is not present or is empty, and when RSA signature verification fails. The attestor also embeds a single legacy global AWS public certificate and does not account for newer region specific certificates issued in 2024, making detection of forged documents difficult without additional trusted region data. An attacker able to supply or intercept instance identity document data (such as through Instance Metadata Service impersonation) can cause a forged identity document to be accepted, leading to incorrect trust decisions based on the attestation. This is fixed in go-witness 0.9.1 and witness 0.10.1. As a workaround, manually verify the included identity document, signature, and public key with standard tools (for example openssl) following AWS’s verification guidance, or disable use of the AWS attestor until upgraded.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":6.9,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/in-toto/go-witness/security/advisories/GHSA-72c7-4g63-hpw5","https://github.com/in-toto/go-witness/commit/04ff20b600e28ce8fd1aa287534dd383a1cfefb9"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-34679","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"Oct 15, 2025, 7:23:24 PM","dateUpdated":"Oct 15, 2025, 7:44:29 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[{"id":"openSUSE-SU-2025:15710-1","title":"govulncheck-vulndb-0.0.20251105T184115-1.1 on GA media","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2016-11063","CVE-2016-11066","CVE-2016-11067","CVE-2016-11068","CVE-2016-11069","CVE-2016-11070","CVE-2016-11071","CVE-2016-11072","CVE-2016-11073","CVE-2016-11074","CVE-2016-11075","CVE-2016-11076","CVE-2016-11077","CVE-2016-11078","CVE-2016-11079","CVE-2016-11080","CVE-2016-11081","CVE-2016-11082","CVE-2016-11083","CVE-2016-11084","CVE-2017-18872","CVE-2023-32199","CVE-2024-58269","CVE-2025-10545","CVE-2025-10678","CVE-2025-10954","CVE-2025-11374","CVE-2025-11375","CVE-2025-11579","CVE-2025-11621","CVE-2025-12044","CVE-2025-26625","CVE-2025-27093","CVE-2025-41410","CVE-2025-41443","CVE-2025-54286","CVE-2025-54287","CVE-2025-54288","CVE-2025-54289","CVE-2025-54290","CVE-2025-54291","CVE-2025-54293","CVE-2025-54469","CVE-2025-54470","CVE-2025-54471","CVE-2025-54499","CVE-2025-58073","CVE-2025-58075","CVE-2025-58356","CVE-2025-59043","CVE-2025-59048","CVE-2025-59530","CVE-2025-59836","CVE-2025-59937","CVE-2025-61141","CVE-2025-61524","CVE-2025-61581","CVE-2025-61688","CVE-2025-62156","CVE-2025-62157","CVE-2025-62375","CVE-2025-62506","CVE-2025-62513","CVE-2025-62705","CVE-2025-62714","CVE-2025-62725","CVE-2025-62820","CVE-2025-64101","CVE-2025-64102","CVE-2025-64103"]}],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2025-34679","identifiers":["EUVD-2025-34679","CVE-2025-62375","GHSA-72c7-4g63-hpw5"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"a9bc7c643aab45b099125e756ccfd395","observedAt":"2026-10-25T03:17:29.935+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2025-62375","aliases":[],"title":"go-witness and witness are Go modules for generating attestations. In go-witness versions 0.8.6 and earlier and witness versions 0.9.2 and earlier the AWS attestor improperly verifies AWS EC2 instance identity documents. Verification can in…","description":"go-witness and witness are Go modules for generating attestations. In go-witness versions 0.8.6 and earlier and witness versions 0.9.2 and earlier the AWS attestor improperly verifies AWS EC2 instance identity documents. Verification can incorrectly succeed when a signature is not present or is empty, and when RSA signature verification fails. The attestor also embeds a single legacy global AWS public certificate and does not account for newer region specific certificates issued in 2024, making detection of forged documents difficult without additional trusted region data. An attacker able to supply or intercept instance identity document data (such as through Instance Metadata Service impersonation) can cause a forged identity document to be accepted, leading to incorrect trust decisions based on the attestation. This is fixed in go-witness 0.9.1 and witness 0.10.1. As a workaround, manually verify the included identity document, signature, and public key with standard tools (for example openssl) following AWS’s verification guidance, or disable use of the AWS attestor until upgraded.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-10-15T20:15:36.67+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-08T11:10:00.25+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","score":6.9,"severity":"MEDIUM"}],"references":["https://github.com/in-toto/go-witness/commit/04ff20b600e28ce8fd1aa287534dd383a1cfefb9","https://github.com/in-toto/go-witness/security/advisories/GHSA-72c7-4g63-hpw5"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62375","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Deferred","weaknesses":["CWE-295"],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"published":"2025-10-15T20:15:36.670","lastModified":"2026-10-08T11:10:00.250"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2025-62375","identifiers":["CVE-2025-62375"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"8bf95f8276f644d0840016e30d52f1c5","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-72c7-4g63-hpw5","aliases":["CVE-2025-62375","GO-2025-4028"],"title":"go-witness is Vulnerable to Improper Verification of AWS EC2 Identity Documents","description":"### Impact\nThis vulnerability only affects users of the AWS attestor.\n\nUsers of the AWS attestor could have unknowingly received a forged identity document. While this may seem unlikely, AWS recently issued a security bulletin about IMDS (Instance Metadata Service) impersonation.[^1]\n\nThere are multiple locations where the verification of the identity document will mistakenly report a successful verification.\n\n- If a signature is not present or is empty\nhttps://github.com/in-toto/go-witness/blob/0c8bb30c143951d88b1d4b32f260c5f67d30137b/attestation/aws-iid/aws-iid.go#L161-L163\n\n- If the RSA verification of the document fails for any reason\nhttps://github.com/in-toto/go-witness/blob/0c8bb30c143951d88b1d4b32f260c5f67d30137b/attestation/aws-iid/aws-iid.go#L192-L196\n\n### Workarounds\nThe contents of the AWS attestation contain the identity document, signature, and public key that was used to verify the document. These attestations and their could be identity documents could be manually verified with the `openssl` command line as documented in the below reference from AWS.[^2]\n\nHowever, the certificate containing the public key was hard-coded into the attestor. \nhttps://github.com/in-toto/go-witness/blob/0c8bb30c143951d88b1d4b32f260c5f67d30137b/attestation/aws-iid/aws-iid.go#L46-L66\n\nSince the original authoring of the attestor, AWS has moved to region specific public certificates. The currently valid certificates were issued around April of 2024, making the identification of attestations with forged content difficult without additional trusted data proving the AWS region in which the attestation was created.\n\n### Patches\nThis vulnerability is addressed in `go-witness` 0.9.1 and `witness` 0.10.1.\n\n### Resources\n[^1]: [AWS Security Bulletin on IMDS Impersonation](https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletins/rss/aws-2025-021/)\n[^2]: [Verification of instance identity documents](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/verify-iid.html#verify-signature)","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-10-15T20:12:56+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-10T03:50:29.4122202+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/in-toto/go-witness","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"0.9.1"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V4","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"MODERATE"}],"references":["https://github.com/in-toto/go-witness/security/advisories/GHSA-72c7-4g63-hpw5","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62375","https://github.com/in-toto/go-witness/commit/04ff20b600e28ce8fd1aa287534dd383a1cfefb9","https://github.com/in-toto/go-witness"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-72c7-4g63-hpw5","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-72c7-4g63-hpw5","identifiers":["GHSA-72c7-4g63-hpw5","CVE-2025-62375","GO-2025-4028"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"9c9d1b82f45f436e8a682fb30f76565a","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GO-2025-4028","aliases":["CVE-2025-62375","GHSA-72c7-4g63-hpw5"],"title":"go-witness is Vulnerable to Improper Verification of AWS EC2 Identity Documents in github.com/in-toto/go-witness","description":"go-witness is Vulnerable to Improper Verification of AWS EC2 Identity Documents in github.com/in-toto/go-witness","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-10-30T15:02:33+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-02-04T03:05:11.731991+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/in-toto/go-witness","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"0.9.1"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[],"references":["https://github.com/in-toto/go-witness/security/advisories/GHSA-72c7-4g63-hpw5","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62375","https://github.com/in-toto/go-witness/commit/04ff20b600e28ce8fd1aa287534dd383a1cfefb9"],"sourceUrl":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2025-4028","license":"OSV · upstream source license applies","key":"osv:GO-2025-4028","identifiers":["GO-2025-4028","CVE-2025-62375","GHSA-72c7-4g63-hpw5"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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Not a global EUVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-f581ef223ba240a69a1abcff00ee4876","complete":true,"records":13758,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-11T09:58:42.1822037+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-11T09:58:42.065+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-11T09:58:42.065+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13812,"expectedIdentifiers":13812,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"first-epss:nuget","scope":"FIRST EPSS for explicit CVE aliases in the collected public NuGet archive. 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