{"id":"GHSA-777w-rpr6-c52h","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"d24ea317b3e6478baecb96f72697f62e","observedAt":"2026-10-29T22:48:55.035+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-65595","aliases":[],"title":"n8n before 2.29.8 and 2.30.1 Privilege Escalation via Token Exchange","description":"n8n before 2.30.1 and 2.29.8 assigns all Public API key scopes to JWTs issued through the Token Exchange module regardless of the acting user's role. On instances where the Token Exchange feature and Public API are enabled, a low-privileged user who can obtain a valid external JWT trusted by a configured issuer can use the resulting access token to invoke administrator-only Public API operations such as role escalation, user creation, and user deletion (role escalation requires an Advanced Permissions license), and, when unverified Community Package installation is enabled, achieve remote code execution.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-07-22T11:21:43.411+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-29T21:16:25.323+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"n8n","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"n8n-io\",\n                    \"product\": \"n8n\",\n                    \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\",\n                    \"packageURL\": \"pkg:npm/n8n\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"2.30.0\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"semver\",\n                            \"lessThan\": \"2.30.1\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"2.30.1\",\n                            \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"},{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"n8n","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"n8n-io\",\n                    \"product\": \"n8n\",\n                    \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\",\n                    \"packageURL\": \"pkg:npm/n8n\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"0\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"semver\",\n                            \"lessThan\": \"2.29.8\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"2.29.8\",\n                            \"status\": \"unaffected\",\n                            \"versionType\": \"semver\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:L/SA:L","score":8.9,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-777w-rpr6-c52h","https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/n8n-before-privilege-escalation-via-token-exchange"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-65595","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-65595","identifiers":["CVE-2026-65595"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"677e6ae6e5f94f6abb2abbfd403e3d91","observedAt":"2026-11-05T12:49:10.424+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-47639","aliases":["CVE-2026-65595","GHSA-wq64-hcrf-8m56","GHSA-777w-rpr6-c52h"],"title":"n8n before 2.30.1 and 2.29.8 assigns all Public API key scopes to JWTs issued through the Token Exchange module regardless of the acting user's role. On instances where the Token Exchange feature and Public API are enabled, a low-privileged…","description":"n8n before 2.30.1 and 2.29.8 assigns all Public API key scopes to JWTs issued through the Token Exchange module regardless of the acting user's role. On instances where the Token Exchange feature and Public API are enabled, a low-privileged user who can obtain a valid external JWT trusted by a configured issuer can use the resulting access token to invoke administrator-only Public API operations such as role escalation, user creation, and user deletion (role escalation requires an Advanced Permissions license), and, when unverified Community Package installation is enabled, achieve remote code execution.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:L/SA:L","score":8.9,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-777w-rpr6-c52h","https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/n8n-before-privilege-escalation-via-token-exchange"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-47639","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"Jul 22, 2026, 11:21:43 AM","dateUpdated":"Oct 29, 2026, 9:16:25 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2026-47639","identifiers":["EUVD-2026-47639","CVE-2026-65595","GHSA-wq64-hcrf-8m56","GHSA-777w-rpr6-c52h"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"6ae65fca309c417d9855056d881cf708","observedAt":"2026-10-31T18:05:00.018+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-65595","aliases":[],"title":"n8n before 2.30.1 and 2.29.8 assigns all Public API key scopes to JWTs issued through the Token Exchange module regardless of the acting user's role. On instances where the Token Exchange feature and Public API are enabled, a low-privileged…","description":"n8n before 2.30.1 and 2.29.8 assigns all Public API key scopes to JWTs issued through the Token Exchange module regardless of the acting user's role. On instances where the Token Exchange feature and Public API are enabled, a low-privileged user who can obtain a valid external JWT trusted by a configured issuer can use the resulting access token to invoke administrator-only Public API operations such as role escalation, user creation, and user deletion (role escalation requires an Advanced Permissions license), and, when unverified Community Package installation is enabled, achieve remote code execution.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-07-22T12:18:19.66+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-29T20:17:32.693+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0 · disclosure@vulncheck.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","score":8.9,"severity":"HIGH"},{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · nvd@nist.gov · Primary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":8.8,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-777w-rpr6-c52h","https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/n8n-before-privilege-escalation-via-token-exchange"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-65595","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Analyzed","weaknesses":["CWE-269"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:n8n:n8n:*:*:*:*:community:node.js:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:n8n:n8n:*:*:*:*:enterprise:node.js:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:n8n:n8n:2.30.0:*:*:*:community:node.js:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:n8n:n8n:2.30.0:*:*:*:enterprise:node.js:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-07-22T12:18:19.660","lastModified":"2026-10-29T20:17:32.693"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-65595","identifiers":["CVE-2026-65595"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"835aa1663fa941f7ac0d9820350ca2d9","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-777w-rpr6-c52h","aliases":["CVE-2026-65595"],"title":"n8n: Privilege Escalation and Code Execution via Full Public API Key Scope Assignment to Token Exchange JWTs","description":"## Impact\n\nJWTs issued through the Token Exchange module were assigned all Public API key scopes, regardless of the acting user's actual role. A low-privileged user who could obtain a valid external JWT trusted by a configured issuer could therefore use the resulting access token to invoke administrator-only Public API operations, such as role escalation, user creation, and user deletion.\n\nThe issue only affects instances where the Token Exchange feature and the Public API are enabled (N8N_TOKEN_EXCHANGE_ENABLED=true, N8N_ENV_FEAT_TOKEN_EXCHANGE=true) and the attacker can obtain an external JWT accepted by a configured trusted key. Role escalation additionally requires an Advanced Permissions license; Community Package installation additionally requires `N8N_COMMUNITY_PACKAGES_ENABLED=true` and `N8N_UNVERIFIED_PACKAGES_ENABLED=true`.\n\n## Patches\n\nThe issue has been fixed in n8n version 2.30.1 and 2.29.8. Users should upgrade to this version or later to remediate the vulnerability.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nIf upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:\n- Disable the Token Exchange feature by setting `N8N_TOKEN_EXCHANGE_ENABLED=false` or `N8N_ENV_FEAT_TOKEN_EXCHANGE=false`.\n- If Token Exchange cannot be disabled, restrict Public API access at the network level to trusted clients only.\n- Disable unverified Community Package installation by setting `N8N_UNVERIFIED_PACKAGES_ENABLED=false` to eliminate the code execution path.\n\nThese workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-07-22T22:00:07+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-07-22T22:26:48.245542+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"n8n","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"2.30.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"2.30.1"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"n8n","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"2.29.8"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V4","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:L/SA:L","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-777w-rpr6-c52h","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-65595","https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n","https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.29.8","https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.30.1","https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/n8n-before-privilege-escalation-via-token-exchange"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-777w-rpr6-c52h","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-777w-rpr6-c52h","identifiers":["GHSA-777w-rpr6-c52h","CVE-2026-65595"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"3b0bd0cd057249a49f5c499b48c5716b","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-wq64-hcrf-8m56","aliases":[],"title":"Duplicate Advisory: n8n: Privilege Escalation and Code Execution via Full Public API Key Scope Assignment to Token Exchange JWTs","description":"## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of\u00A0GHSA-777w-rpr6-c52h. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\n\nn8n before 2.30.1 and 2.29.8 assigns all Public API key scopes to JWTs issued through the Token Exchange module regardless of the acting user's role. On instances where the Token Exchange feature and Public API are enabled, a low-privileged user who can obtain a valid external JWT trusted by a configured issuer can use the resulting access token to invoke administrator-only Public API operations such as role escalation, user creation, and user deletion (role escalation requires an Advanced Permissions license), and, when unverified Community Package installation is enabled, achieve remote code execution.","state":2,"publishedAt":"2026-07-22T12:32:17+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-07-22T22:16:06.7973628+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"n8n","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V4","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-777w-rpr6-c52h","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-65595","https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/n8n-before-privilege-escalation-via-token-exchange"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-wq64-hcrf-8m56","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-wq64-hcrf-8m56","identifiers":["GHSA-wq64-hcrf-8m56"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. Missing entries do not establish absence of exploitation.","generation":"2026-11-07T02:34:43.7661215+00:00","complete":true,"records":1769,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:43.7661215+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:43.9387828+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:43.9387838+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"cve-program","scope":"Official CVE Program baseline and cumulative hourly delta; all vendors, published and rejected records","generation":"cve-bb5c9d5a08063ef076042e33dd72a7d0ffa4c4487efdcf3106e29ba55ec2ad57-5aac302c22044f92cc2d766b3e31e7dc718ccd14d0209c666b12bbe38c20772f","complete":true,"records":420475,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:42.7079446+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:42.70025+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:42.7079446+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-07T01:31:15+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"euvd","scope":"Rolling EUVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global EUVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-b8d16fbf74464bc88a41c5137fa81682","complete":false,"records":13623,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T02:46:32.0890109+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T02:46:32.084+00:00","error":"11 identifier lookups failed; latest failures include HTTP 403. Other identifiers were checked independently.","lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T02:46:32.084+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13674,"expectedIdentifiers":13685,"failedIdentifiers":11},{"source":"first-epss:nuget","scope":"FIRST EPSS for explicit CVE aliases in the collected public NuGet archive. Not a global EPSS backfill.","generation":"2026-11-07T02:34:43.7661215+00:00","complete":true,"records":1096,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:43.7661215+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:43.9397262+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:43.9397266+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"nvd","scope":"Rolling NVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global NVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-34343b4ea57e47c5a482c8fcf20a381e","complete":true,"records":13645,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:44.5754579+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T01:26:55.938+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T01:26:55.938+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13685,"expectedIdentifiers":13685,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"osv:Go","scope":"Complete OSV Go ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"go-0eb4d6dde62dffacd040ad992d4fd5a65cd7d0dc5f5f4cfa8b41967fc6f9ca5f","complete":true,"records":9914,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:43.3341619+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-06T20:10:36.6450506+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:43.3341619+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-06T20:02:57+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:NuGet","scope":"Complete OSV NuGet ecosystem archive, including GitHub Advisory Database records; NuGet version matching only","generation":"nuget-fde804134ecdda0ddd5ff5c26ee1fff5a6fa659311f7ef2e51c6ad54964db0e2","complete":true,"records":1971,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:42.8444254+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-06T19:03:17.0399903+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:42.8444254+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-06T18:17:57+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:crates.io","scope":"Complete OSV crates.io ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"crates.io-335633e78a15c9cde10a6025895b5617717087fb945489ae7e15d377bacf34a9","complete":true,"records":3055,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:43.7181027+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-06T16:03:00.7615789+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:43.7181027+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-06T16:02:48+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:npm","scope":"Complete OSV npm ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"npm-a0b728bc1c5526b5429930c00621636eba8655069c176697c3080f8377619ad7","complete":true,"records":231291,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:43.2326712+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T00:28:51.1983528+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T02:34:43.2326712+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-06T23:33:08+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null}]}