{"id":"GHSA-7mqx-wwh4-f9fw","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"9c82b4526aa544cbbb9d25ba4cd22719","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2025-64526","aliases":[],"title":"Strapi has a rate limit bypass on users-permissions plugin via attacker-controlled email keying","description":"Strapi is an open source headless content management system. In Strapi versions prior to 5.45.0, the rate-limit middleware in the users-permissions plugin derived its rate-limit key in part from `ctx.request.body.email`, including on routes whose body schema does not contain an `email` field (`/auth/local`, `/auth/reset-password`, `/auth/change-password`). An unauthenticated attacker could include an arbitrary `email` value in the request body to obtain a fresh rate-limit key per request, effectively bypassing per-IP throttling on those routes and enabling high-volume credential brute-force, password-reset code brute-force, and credential-stuffing attempts. The rate-limit key was constructed as `${userIdentifier}:${requestPath}:${ctx.request.ip}`, where `userIdentifier = ctx.request.body.email`. On routes that legitimately use email as their identifier (e.g. `/auth/forgot-password`, `/auth/local/register`), this scoping is correct. On routes that use a different identifier (`identifier` for login, `code` for password reset, `currentPassword` for password change), the email field was not part of the route contract, but the middleware still incorporated it into the key, allowing a caller to rotate the value and obtain a unique key on every request. The patch in version 5.45.0 maintains an allow-list of routes that legitimately key on the email field and excludes that key component on every other route the middleware is mounted on. OAuth callback paths (`/connect/*`) are treated identifier-less. On routes outside the allow-list, the middleware now falls back to a fixed identifier-less key, ensuring per-IP throttling remains effective even when the request body is attacker-controlled.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-14T18:32:01.998+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-05-16T00:49:25.996+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"strapi","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"strapi\",\n                    \"product\": \"strapi\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 5.45.0\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"},{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"@strapi/plugin-users-permissions","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"strapi\",\n                    \"product\": \"@strapi/plugin-users-permissions\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 5.45.0\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":6.9,"severity":"MEDIUM"}],"references":["https://github.com/strapi/strapi/security/advisories/GHSA-7mqx-wwh4-f9fw","https://github.com/strapi/strapi/pull/24818","https://github.com/strapi/strapi/commit/5e0d243cba9830e6f791de6a94798bcde51468db","https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases/tag/v5.45.0"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-64526","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2025-64526","identifiers":["CVE-2025-64526"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"f7e7ed00c1964f98beaeebb06f3f407d","observedAt":"2026-11-09T04:07:18.5+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2025-209860","aliases":["CVE-2025-64526","GHSA-7mqx-wwh4-f9fw"],"title":"Strapi is an open source headless content management system. In Strapi versions prior to 5.45.0, the rate-limit middleware in the users-permissions plugin derived its rate-limit key in part from `ctx.request.body.email`, including on routes…","description":"Strapi is an open source headless content management system. In Strapi versions prior to 5.45.0, the rate-limit middleware in the users-permissions plugin derived its rate-limit key in part from `ctx.request.body.email`, including on routes whose body schema does not contain an `email` field (`/auth/local`, `/auth/reset-password`, `/auth/change-password`). An unauthenticated attacker could include an arbitrary `email` value in the request body to obtain a fresh rate-limit key per request, effectively bypassing per-IP throttling on those routes and enabling high-volume credential brute-force, password-reset code brute-force, and credential-stuffing attempts. The rate-limit key was constructed as `${userIdentifier}:${requestPath}:${ctx.request.ip}`, where `userIdentifier = ctx.request.body.email`. On routes that legitimately use email as their identifier (e.g. `/auth/forgot-password`, `/auth/local/register`), this scoping is correct. On routes that use a different identifier (`identifier` for login, `code` for password reset, `currentPassword` for password change), the email field was not part of the route contract, but the middleware still incorporated it into the key, allowing a caller to rotate the value and obtain a unique key on every request. The patch in version 5.45.0 maintains an allow-list of routes that legitimately key on the email field and excludes that key component on every other route the middleware is mounted on. OAuth callback paths (`/connect/*`) are treated identifier-less. On routes outside the allow-list, the middleware now falls back to a fixed identifier-less key, ensuring per-IP throttling remains effective even when the request body is attacker-controlled.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":6.9,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/strapi/strapi/security/advisories/GHSA-7mqx-wwh4-f9fw","https://github.com/strapi/strapi/pull/24818","https://github.com/strapi/strapi/commit/5e0d243cba9830e6f791de6a94798bcde51468db","https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases/tag/v5.45.0"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-209860","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"May 14, 2026, 6:32:01 PM","dateUpdated":"May 16, 2026, 12:49:25 AM"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2025-209860","identifiers":["EUVD-2025-209860","CVE-2025-64526","GHSA-7mqx-wwh4-f9fw"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"40d56dec053b466298cee38014098487","observedAt":"2026-10-25T03:17:29.935+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2025-64526","aliases":[],"title":"Strapi is an open source headless content management system. In Strapi versions prior to 5.45.0, the rate-limit middleware in the users-permissions plugin derived its rate-limit key in part from `ctx.request.body.email`, including on routes…","description":"Strapi is an open source headless content management system. In Strapi versions prior to 5.45.0, the rate-limit middleware in the users-permissions plugin derived its rate-limit key in part from `ctx.request.body.email`, including on routes whose body schema does not contain an `email` field (`/auth/local`, `/auth/reset-password`, `/auth/change-password`). An unauthenticated attacker could include an arbitrary `email` value in the request body to obtain a fresh rate-limit key per request, effectively bypassing per-IP throttling on those routes and enabling high-volume credential brute-force, password-reset code brute-force, and credential-stuffing attempts. The rate-limit key was constructed as `${userIdentifier}:${requestPath}:${ctx.request.ip}`, where `userIdentifier = ctx.request.body.email`. On routes that legitimately use email as their identifier (e.g. `/auth/forgot-password`, `/auth/local/register`), this scoping is correct. On routes that use a different identifier (`identifier` for login, `code` for password reset, `currentPassword` for password change), the email field was not part of the route contract, but the middleware still incorporated it into the key, allowing a caller to rotate the value and obtain a unique key on every request. The patch in version 5.45.0 maintains an allow-list of routes that legitimately key on the email field and excludes that key component on every other route the middleware is mounted on. OAuth callback paths (`/connect/*`) are treated identifier-less. On routes outside the allow-list, the middleware now falls back to a fixed identifier-less key, ensuring per-IP throttling remains effective even when the request body is attacker-controlled.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-14T19:16:29.233+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-14T13:10:00.187+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 4.0 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","score":6.9,"severity":"MEDIUM"},{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · nvd@nist.gov · Primary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","score":5.3,"severity":"MEDIUM"}],"references":["https://github.com/strapi/strapi/commit/5e0d243cba9830e6f791de6a94798bcde51468db","https://github.com/strapi/strapi/pull/24818","https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases/tag/v5.45.0","https://github.com/strapi/strapi/security/advisories/GHSA-7mqx-wwh4-f9fw"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64526","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Analyzed","weaknesses":["CWE-307"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:strapi:strapi:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-05-14T19:16:29.233","lastModified":"2026-10-14T13:10:00.187"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2025-64526","identifiers":["CVE-2025-64526"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"db3abd9ef110495f88c886cf981fe997","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-7mqx-wwh4-f9fw","aliases":["CVE-2025-64526"],"title":"Strapi has a rate limit bypass on users-permissions plugin via attacker-controlled email keying","description":"### Summary of CVE-2025-64526 Vulnerability Details\n\n- CVE: CVE-2025-64526\n- CVSS v3.1 Vector: `CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N` (6.9 — Medium)\n- Affected Versions: `@strapi/plugin-users-permissions` <=5.44.0\n- How to Patch: Immediately update your Strapi to >=5.45.0\n\n### Description of CVE-2025-64526\n\nIn Strapi versions prior to 5.45.0, the rate-limit middleware in the users-permissions plugin derived its rate-limit key in part from `ctx.request.body.email`, including on routes whose body schema does not contain an `email` field (`/auth/local`, `/auth/reset-password`, `/auth/change-password`). An unauthenticated attacker could include an arbitrary `email` value in the request body to obtain a fresh rate-limit key per request, effectively bypassing per-IP throttling on those routes and enabling high-volume credential brute-force, password-reset code brute-force, and credential-stuffing attempts.\n\nThe rate-limit key was constructed as `${userIdentifier}:${requestPath}:${ctx.request.ip}`, where `userIdentifier = ctx.request.body.email`. On routes that legitimately use email as their identifier (e.g. `/auth/forgot-password`, `/auth/local/register`), this scoping is correct. On routes that use a different identifier (`identifier` for login, `code` for password reset, `currentPassword` for password change), the email field was not part of the route contract, but the middleware still incorporated it into the key, allowing a caller to rotate the value and obtain a unique key on every request.\n\nThe patch maintains an allow-list of routes that legitimately key on the email field and excludes that key component on every other route the middleware is mounted on. OAuth callback paths (`/connect/*`) are treated identifier-less. On routes outside the allow-list, the middleware now falls back to a fixed identifier-less key, ensuring per-IP throttling remains effective even when the request body is attacker-controlled.\n\n### IoC's for CVE-2025-64526\n\nIndicators that an instance running an unpatched version may have been exploited:\n\n- Unusually high volumes of `POST` requests to `/api/auth/local`, `/api/auth/reset-password`, or `/api/auth/change-password` from a single IP within a 5-minute window without 429 (Too Many Requests) responses\n- Request bodies on `/api/auth/local` containing both `identifier` AND `email` fields where `email` varies per request. Body shape regex: `\"identifier\"\\s*:\\s*\"[^\"]*\",\\s*\"email\"\\s*:\\s*\"[^\"]*\"`\n- Request bodies on `/api/auth/reset-password` containing an unexpected `email` field alongside `code`. Body shape regex: `\"code\"\\s*:\\s*\"[^\"]*\",.*\"email\"\\s*:`\n- Server logs showing many distinct rate-limit key prefixes for the same IP+route combination within the rate-limit window\n- Successful authentication or password reset following hundreds of preceding 401/400 responses from the same IP","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-13T20:02:15+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-05-16T00:05:28.260538+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"@strapi/plugin-users-permissions","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"5.45.0"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V4","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"MODERATE"}],"references":["https://github.com/strapi/strapi/security/advisories/GHSA-7mqx-wwh4-f9fw","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64526","https://github.com/strapi/strapi/pull/24818","https://github.com/strapi/strapi/commit/5e0d243cba9830e6f791de6a94798bcde51468db","https://github.com/strapi/strapi","https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases/tag/v5.45.0"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-7mqx-wwh4-f9fw","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-7mqx-wwh4-f9fw","identifiers":["GHSA-7mqx-wwh4-f9fw","CVE-2025-64526"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. Missing entries do not establish absence of exploitation.","generation":"2026-11-10T04:04:18.1997683+00:00","complete":true,"records":1773,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-10T04:04:18.1997683+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-10T04:04:18.3995607+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-10T04:04:18.3995615+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"cve-program","scope":"Official CVE Program baseline and cumulative hourly delta; all vendors, published and rejected records","generation":"cve-8859cf40d4337e24bd2f258cc7778fbad01bb24c79d057aaf34cf1dfc6f8917d-81377d708f64394c8eb9b62eea2364ac8dfdeb35ef3610cd5a031d185fc8d86c","complete":true,"records":421867,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-10T04:02:14.3050104+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-10T04:02:14.2925615+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-10T04:02:14.3050104+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-10T03:29:16+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"euvd","scope":"Rolling EUVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global EUVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-a6dc967b5ceb4c488191e8f172ded5d6","complete":true,"records":13689,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-10T04:04:46.1001793+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-10T03:04:49.903+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-10T03:04:49.903+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13742,"expectedIdentifiers":13742,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"first-epss:nuget","scope":"FIRST EPSS for explicit CVE aliases in the collected public NuGet archive. Not a global EPSS backfill.","generation":"2026-11-10T04:04:18.1997683+00:00","complete":true,"records":1096,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-10T04:04:18.1997683+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-10T04:04:18.4004514+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-10T04:04:18.4004518+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"nvd","scope":"Rolling NVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global NVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-f1b5e07abe344673a8a286f3a893260c","complete":true,"records":13695,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-10T04:04:45.5033554+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-10T04:04:45.5+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-10T04:04:45.5+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13742,"expectedIdentifiers":13742,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"osv:Go","scope":"Complete OSV Go ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"go-cdffb4589856378aa42e8d1bd4a6c74e27a180d8160bf764c44715ef760f0a62","complete":true,"records":9932,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-10T04:04:18.0453993+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-10T00:04:19.8260565+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-10T04:04:18.0453993+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-09T23:48:01+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:NuGet","scope":"Complete OSV NuGet ecosystem archive, including GitHub Advisory Database records; NuGet version matching only","generation":"nuget-26503967ae4379db8f374089589d6e03fb15bd31f820c9e992aaf93840c2236c","complete":true,"records":1971,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-10T04:02:14.457245+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T21:02:20.472473+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-10T04:02:14.457245+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-09T20:18:18+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:crates.io","scope":"Complete OSV crates.io ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"crates.io-761ecc9061239b0da572dc9254c6f384c1d19339eb08408c436647a2f26129e9","complete":true,"records":3064,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-10T04:04:18.158124+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-09T17:05:03.4044794+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-10T04:04:18.158124+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-09T16:33:20+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:npm","scope":"Complete OSV npm ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"npm-b6d0179d32e97744f004c83c309b7506438ee50743f2ae97e00ea061ef80ca4a","complete":true,"records":231582,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-10T04:04:16.4553373+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-10T04:04:14.8073774+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-10T04:04:16.4553373+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-10T03:33:17+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null}]}