{"id":"GHSA-fv7c-fp4j-7gwp","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"99d909007cb64a09aba0b444e2fbfb0a","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-44728","aliases":[],"title":"Improper Control of Generation of Code when compiling specifically crafted malicious code with @babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs","description":"Babel is a compiler for writing next generation JavaScript. From 7.12.0 to before 7.29.4 and 8.0.0-alpha.13, using Babel to compile code that was specifically crafted by an attacker can cause Babel to generate output code that executes arbitrary code. 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This vulnerability is fixed in 7.29.4 and 8.0.0-alpha.13.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-26T18:16:50.88+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-07-24T11:10:00.17+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":8.2,"severity":"HIGH"},{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · nvd@nist.gov · Primary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":7.8,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/babel/babel/security/advisories/GHSA-fv7c-fp4j-7gwp"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44728","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Analyzed","weaknesses":["CWE-94","CWE-843"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha0:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha1:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha10:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha11:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha12:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha2:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha3:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha4:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha5:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha6:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha7:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha8:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha9:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-05-26T18:16:50.880","lastModified":"2026-07-24T11:10:00.170"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-44728","identifiers":["CVE-2026-44728"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"3451c1b0723b48d6a09ccc5d0270979c","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-fv7c-fp4j-7gwp","aliases":["CVE-2026-44728"],"title":"@babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs generates arbitrary code when compiling malicious input","description":"### Impact\n\nUsing Babel to compile code that was specifically crafted by an attacker can cause Babel to generate output code that executes arbitrary code.\n\nKnown affected plugins are:\n- `@babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs`\n- `@babel/preset-env` when using the [`modules: \"systemjs\"` option](https://babel.dev/docs/babel-preset-env#modules), as it delegates to `@babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs`\n\nNo other plugins under the `@babel` namespace are impacted.\n\n**Users that only compile trusted code are not impacted.**\n\n### Patches\n\nThe vulnerability has been fixed in `@babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs@7.29.4`.\n\nBabel also released `@babel/preset-env@7.29.5`, updating its `@babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs` dependency, to simplify forcing the update if you are using `@babel/preset-env` directly.\n\n### Workarounds\n\n- Pin `@babel/parser` to v7.11.5. The downgrade will completely disable string module name parsing, but it would also disable other new language features and the build pipeline may fail as a result. Only do so if you are working on a legacy codebase and can not upgrade `@babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs` to v7.29.4.\n- Do not use the `modules: \"systemjs\"` option, migrate the codebase to native ES Modules or any other module formats.\n\n### Credits\nBabel thanks Daniel Cervera for reporting the vulnerability.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-08T20:34:07+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-10T03:51:05.5417861+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"@babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"7.12.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"7.29.4"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"@babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"8.0.0-alpha.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"8.0.0-alpha.13"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/babel/babel/security/advisories/GHSA-fv7c-fp4j-7gwp","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44728","https://github.com/babel/babel"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-fv7c-fp4j-7gwp","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-fv7c-fp4j-7gwp","identifiers":["GHSA-fv7c-fp4j-7gwp","CVE-2026-44728"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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