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By way of comparison, a valid PEM-encoded 4096-bit RSA key takes roughly 70µs to parse on the same machine.\n\nGiven the required size of PEM data needed to present a realistic DoS vector, an attacker would need to create or insert many different large sized resources in the cluster, and so the best secondary defense is to ensure that sensible limits are placed via RBAC.\n\nThis issue affects all versions of cert-manager to have been released since at least v0.1.0 (since `pem.Decode` is core functionality for cert-manager). All [supported releases](https://cert-manager.io/docs/releases/) are patched.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe fixed versions are v1.16.2, v1.15.4 and v1.12.14.\n\n- master branch: https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/pull/7400\n- release-1.16 branch: https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/pull/7401\n- release-1.15 branch: https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/pull/7402\n- release-1.12 branch: https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/pull/7403\n\n### Workarounds\n\nEnsure that RBAC is scoped correctly in your cluster. If a user is able to modify resources containing PEM data to be able to exploit this, it's like that those permissions are a bigger security threat than this issue - especially for Secret resources.\n\n### References\n\n- Upstream issue: https://github.com/golang/go/issues/50116\n- Similar issue: https://github.com/sigstore/sigstore/issues/198\n- Google OSSFuzz: https://issues.oss-fuzz.com/issues/376728466","state":0,"publishedAt":"2024-11-20T20:48:11+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-10T03:50:20.9505641+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.12.14"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"1.13.0-alpha.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.15.4"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"1.16.0-alpha.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.16.2"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V4","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"MODERATE"}],"references":["https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/security/advisories/GHSA-r4pg-vg54-wxx4","https://github.com/golang/go/issues/50116","https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/pull/7400","https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/pull/7401","https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/pull/7402","https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/pull/7403","https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/commit/3a4c9eb55e2e43570679840bbe3217869fbc8efc","https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/commit/f22f78c8c0a64d718e203b326bc844c488ad7850","https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager","https://go.dev/issue/50116","https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2024-3282"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-r4pg-vg54-wxx4","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-r4pg-vg54-wxx4","identifiers":["GHSA-r4pg-vg54-wxx4","CVE-2024-12401","GO-2024-3282"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"68f70d69f2c24c288c3098ff404ca03b","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GO-2024-3282","aliases":["CVE-2024-12401","GHSA-r4pg-vg54-wxx4"],"title":"Potential slowdown / DoS when parsing specially crafted PEM inputs in github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager","description":"Potential slowdown / DoS when parsing specially crafted PEM inputs in github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager","state":0,"publishedAt":"2024-11-21T19:52:52+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-02-04T03:32:41.678655+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.12.14"},{"kind":"introduced","version":"1.13.0-alpha.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.15.4"},{"kind":"introduced","version":"1.16.0-alpha.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.16.2"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[],"references":["https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/security/advisories/GHSA-r4pg-vg54-wxx4","https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/commit/3a4c9eb55e2e43570679840bbe3217869fbc8efc","https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/commit/f22f78c8c0a64d718e203b326bc844c488ad7850","https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/pull/7400","https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/pull/7401","https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/pull/7402","https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/pull/7403","https://go.dev/issue/50116"],"sourceUrl":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2024-3282","license":"OSV · upstream source license applies","key":"osv:GO-2024-3282","identifiers":["GO-2024-3282","CVE-2024-12401","GHSA-r4pg-vg54-wxx4"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. 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