{"id":"GHSA-p77w-8qqv-26rm","revision":"19d0eb6e85fb49d88683c1327478bd53","records":[{"revision":"19d0eb6e85fb49d88683c1327478bd53","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-p77w-8qqv-26rm","aliases":["CVE-2026-44457"],"title":"Hono's Cache Middleware ignores Vary: Authorization / Vary: Cookie leading to cross-user cache leakage","description":"### Summary\n\nCache Middleware does not skip caching for responses that declare per-user variance via `Vary: Authorization` or `Vary: Cookie`. As a result, a response cached for one authenticated user may be served to subsequent requests from different users.\n\n### Details\n\nThe Cache Middleware skips caching when a response carries `Vary: *`, certain `Cache-Control` directives (`private`, `no-store`, `no-cache`), or `Set-Cookie`. However, `Vary: Authorization` and `Vary: Cookie` — the standard signals defined in RFC 9110 / RFC 9111 to indicate per-user responses — are not treated as cache-skip reasons.\n\nThis issue arises when applications use the Cache Middleware on endpoints that return user-specific data and rely on `Vary: Authorization` or `Vary: Cookie` to scope the response per user, without also setting `Cache-Control: private`.\n\n### Impact\n\nA user may receive a cached response that was originally generated for a different authenticated user. This may lead to:\n\n- Disclosure of personally identifiable information or other user-specific data present in the response body\n- Inconsistent or incorrect behavior in user-specific endpoints\n\nThis issue affects applications that use the Cache Middleware on endpoints whose responses vary by `Authorization` or `Cookie` and that do not also set `Cache-Control: private`.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-09T00:28:46+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-10T03:51:06.6519807+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"hono","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"4.12.18"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"MODERATE"}],"references":["https://github.com/honojs/hono/security/advisories/GHSA-p77w-8qqv-26rm","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44457","https://github.com/honojs/hono"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-p77w-8qqv-26rm","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-p77w-8qqv-26rm","identifiers":["GHSA-p77w-8qqv-26rm","CVE-2026-44457"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[]}