{"id":"GHSA-vwrp-x96c-mhwq","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"0eb79cc904b64ccdb9daefd225f5001b","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-44005","aliases":[],"title":"vm2: Sandbox escape","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. From 3.9.6 to 3.10.5, vm2's bridge exposes mutable proxies for real host-realm intrinsic prototypes and then forwards sandbox writes into the underlying host objects with otherReflectSet() and otherReflectDefineProperty(), which lets attacker-controlled JavaScript running in a default VM or inherited NodeVM mutate shared host Object.prototype, Array.prototype, and Function.prototype from inside the sandbox This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.0.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-13T17:40:41.578+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-07T12:04:59.824+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"vm2","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"patriksimek\",\n                    \"product\": \"vm2\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \">= 3.9.6, < 3.11.0\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H","score":10,"severity":"CRITICAL"}],"references":["https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-vwrp-x96c-mhwq"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44005","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-44005","identifiers":["CVE-2026-44005"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"67a76557effd403fae64a70502589f70","observedAt":"2026-11-07T09:37:51.46+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-30075","aliases":["CVE-2026-44005","GHSA-vwrp-x96c-mhwq"],"title":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. From 3.9.6 to 3.10.5, vm2's bridge exposes mutable proxies for real host-realm intrinsic prototypes and then forwards sandbox writes into the underlying host objects with otherReflectSet() and o…","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. From 3.9.6 to 3.10.5, vm2's bridge exposes mutable proxies for real host-realm intrinsic prototypes and then forwards sandbox writes into the underlying host objects with otherReflectSet() and otherReflectDefineProperty(), which lets attacker-controlled JavaScript running in a default VM or inherited NodeVM mutate shared host Object.prototype, Array.prototype, and Function.prototype from inside the sandbox This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.0.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H","score":10,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-vwrp-x96c-mhwq"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-30075","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"May 13, 2026, 5:40:41 PM","dateUpdated":"Sep 7, 2026, 12:04:59 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[{"id":"RHSA-2026:50850","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.1 security update","vulnerabilityIds":["CVE-2026-9277","CVE-2026-43997","CVE-2026-43998","CVE-2026-43999","CVE-2026-44000","CVE-2026-44001","CVE-2026-44002","CVE-2026-44003","CVE-2026-44004","CVE-2026-44005","CVE-2026-44006","CVE-2026-44007","CVE-2026-44008","CVE-2026-44009","CVE-2026-45411","CVE-2026-47131","CVE-2026-47135","CVE-2026-47137","CVE-2026-47139","CVE-2026-47140","CVE-2026-47141","CVE-2026-47209","CVE-2026-48068","CVE-2026-48801","CVE-2026-59877"]}],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON."},"key":"euvd:EUVD-2026-30075","identifiers":["EUVD-2026-30075","CVE-2026-44005","GHSA-vwrp-x96c-mhwq"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"6763f21e1ff143a9a510d35ba9f08301","observedAt":"2026-10-27T11:12:09.678+00:00","statement":{"source":"nvd","id":"CVE-2026-44005","aliases":[],"title":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. From 3.9.6 to 3.10.5, vm2's bridge exposes mutable proxies for real host-realm intrinsic prototypes and then forwards sandbox writes into the underlying host objects with otherReflectSet() and o…","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. From 3.9.6 to 3.10.5, vm2's bridge exposes mutable proxies for real host-realm intrinsic prototypes and then forwards sandbox writes into the underlying host objects with otherReflectSet() and otherReflectDefineProperty(), which lets attacker-controlled JavaScript running in a default VM or inherited NodeVM mutate shared host Object.prototype, Array.prototype, and Function.prototype from inside the sandbox This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.0.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-13T18:16:17.257+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-26T17:10:03.27+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H","score":10,"severity":"CRITICAL"},{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL"}],"references":["https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-vwrp-x96c-mhwq","https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:50850","https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-44005","https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2477205","https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-44005.json"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44005","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Modified","weaknesses":["CWE-94","CWE-1321","CWE-653"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:vm2_project:vm2:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-05-13T18:16:17.257","lastModified":"2026-10-26T17:10:03.270"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-44005","identifiers":["CVE-2026-44005"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"3603936c123143acb475cafd6d7a3ddb","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-vwrp-x96c-mhwq","aliases":["CVE-2026-44005"],"title":"vm2: Mutable Proxies for Host Intrinsic Prototypes Allows Sandbox Escape","description":"### Summary\nvm2's bridge exposes mutable proxies for real host-realm intrinsic prototypes and then forwards sandbox writes into the underlying host objects with otherReflectSet() and otherReflectDefineProperty(), which lets attacker-controlled JavaScript running in a default VM or inherited NodeVM mutate shared host Object.prototype, Array.prototype, and Function.prototype from inside the sandbox.\n\n### Details\nBaseHandler.apply() unwraps sandbox-controlled receivers and arguments with otherFromThis() / otherFromThisArguments() and then directly invokes the real host function with ret = otherReflectApply(object, context, args), so any default-exposed host function that can surface a prototype getter becomes a prototype-walking primitive ([lib/bridge.js:665-676](https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/blob/408fc855f1cc1bbc2985b029465ee0e732ada433/lib/bridge.js#L665-L676)). BaseHandler.get() special-cases __proto__ and returns the host-side descriptor or proxy target prototype, which is enough for the attacker to reuse the host __lookupGetter__('__proto__') accessor repeatedly until the walk lands on host Object.prototype, Array.prototype, or Function.prototype ([lib/bridge.js:590-616](https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/blob/408fc855f1cc1bbc2985b029465ee0e732ada433/lib/bridge.js#L590-L616)). Once the attacker has a proxy to a host intrinsic prototype, BaseHandler.set() performs value = otherFromThis(value); return otherReflectSet(object, key, value) === true;, which writes attacker-controlled data directly into the shared host object instead of keeping the mutation sandbox-local; BaseHandler.defineProperty() repeats the same design at otherReflectDefineProperty(object, prop, otherDesc) for descriptor-based writes ([lib/bridge.js:641-649](https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/blob/408fc855f1cc1bbc2985b029465ee0e732ada433/lib/bridge.js#L641-L649), [lib/bridge.js:753-774](https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/blob/408fc855f1cc1bbc2985b029465ee0e732ada433/lib/bridge.js#L753-L774)). Existing validation does not stop the attack because the constructor filter only blocks one dangerous-property access pattern, setPrototypeOf() only blocks prototype replacement rather than ordinary property assignment, and containsDangerousConstructor() only protects one later re-unwrapping path instead of the initial host-prototype write sink ([lib/bridge.js:494-530](https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/blob/408fc855f1cc1bbc2985b029465ee0e732ada433/lib/bridge.js#L494-L530), [lib/bridge.js:595-610](https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/blob/408fc855f1cc1bbc2985b029465ee0e732ada433/lib/bridge.js#L595-L610), [lib/bridge.js:660-662](https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/blob/408fc855f1cc1bbc2985b029465ee0e732ada433/lib/bridge.js#L660-L662)).\n\n### PoC\nRun the following code snippet and observe that the value of vm2EscapeMarker is polluted:\n```\nconst { VM } = require('vm2');\nconst vm = new VM();\nvm.run(`\n  const g = ({}).__lookupGetter__;\n  const a = Buffer.apply;\n  const p = a.apply(g, [Buffer, ['__proto__']]);\n  const hostObjectProto = p.call(p.call(p.call(p.call(Buffer.of()))));\n  hostObjectProto.vm2EscapeMarker = 'polluted-object-prototype';\n`);\nconsole.log({}.vm2EscapeMarker)\n```\n\n### Impact\nSandbox escape and prototype pollution.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-05-07T04:07:05+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-05-14T20:51:08.984891+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"vm2","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"3.9.6"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"3.11.0"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"CRITICAL"}],"references":["https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-vwrp-x96c-mhwq","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44005","https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2","https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/v3.11.0"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vwrp-x96c-mhwq","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-vwrp-x96c-mhwq","identifiers":["GHSA-vwrp-x96c-mhwq","CVE-2026-44005"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. Missing entries do not establish absence of exploitation.","generation":"2026-11-07T17:07:37.1829709+00:00","complete":true,"records":1769,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T17:07:37.1829709+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T17:07:37.3549159+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T17:07:37.3549172+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"cve-program","scope":"Official CVE Program baseline and cumulative hourly delta; all vendors, published and rejected records","generation":"cve-bb5c9d5a08063ef076042e33dd72a7d0ffa4c4487efdcf3106e29ba55ec2ad57-715e663378e343ca50c7397586f2d227eca3ece57a7a73d5f48eaadc71eb9f69","complete":true,"records":420933,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T17:07:36.095653+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T17:07:36.0305426+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T17:07:36.095653+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-07T16:30:46+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"euvd","scope":"Rolling EUVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global EUVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-ce98ec71edc04bf7b5b5ed5b4106954c","complete":true,"records":13633,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T17:19:56.3581416+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T17:19:56.354+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T17:19:56.354+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13685,"expectedIdentifiers":13685,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"first-epss:nuget","scope":"FIRST EPSS for explicit CVE aliases in the collected public NuGet archive. Not a global EPSS backfill.","generation":"2026-11-07T17:07:37.1829709+00:00","complete":true,"records":1096,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T17:07:37.1829709+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T17:07:37.3564231+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T17:07:37.3564236+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"nvd","scope":"Rolling NVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global NVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-57173bad19094db6a6a9d0334caa764d","complete":true,"records":13645,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T17:08:02.7189692+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T17:08:02.715+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T17:08:02.715+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13685,"expectedIdentifiers":13685,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"osv:Go","scope":"Complete OSV Go ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"go-0eb4d6dde62dffacd040ad992d4fd5a65cd7d0dc5f5f4cfa8b41967fc6f9ca5f","complete":true,"records":9914,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T17:07:36.7559298+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-06T20:10:36.6450506+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T17:07:36.7559298+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-06T20:02:57+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:NuGet","scope":"Complete OSV NuGet ecosystem archive, including GitHub Advisory Database records; NuGet version matching only","generation":"nuget-fde804134ecdda0ddd5ff5c26ee1fff5a6fa659311f7ef2e51c6ad54964db0e2","complete":true,"records":1971,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T17:07:36.1583672+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-06T19:03:17.0399903+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T17:07:36.1583672+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-06T18:17:57+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:crates.io","scope":"Complete OSV crates.io ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"crates.io-335633e78a15c9cde10a6025895b5617717087fb945489ae7e15d377bacf34a9","complete":true,"records":3055,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T17:07:37.135444+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-06T16:03:00.7615789+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T17:07:37.135444+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-06T16:02:48+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:npm","scope":"Complete OSV npm ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"npm-40ad6183a951565ace1520a9b4d631e1d0bfb1d4bf7c5574c375032559f3ff53","complete":true,"records":231292,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-07T17:07:36.637447+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-07T10:29:00.4821259+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-07T17:07:36.637447+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-07T09:32:47+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null}]}