{"id":"GHSA-wcpc-wj8m-hjx6","revision":"ab603b23e0ad46249b9a0f570be16208","records":[{"revision":"ab603b23e0ad46249b9a0f570be16208","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-wcpc-wj8m-hjx6","aliases":["CVE-2026-48712"],"title":"protobufjs: Denial of service through unbounded Any expansion during JSON conversion","description":"## Summary\n\nprotobufjs could recurse without a depth limit while converting decoded messages to plain objects or JSON. This affected generated `toObject()` conversion and the custom `google.protobuf.Any` JSON conversion path.\n\nA crafted protobuf binary payload containing deeply nested `Any` values could cause the JavaScript call stack to be exhausted during conversion to JSON.\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker who can provide protobuf binary data decoded by an application may be able to crash the process or otherwise cause message conversion to fail with a stack overflow.\n\nThis affects applications that decode untrusted protobuf input containing `google.protobuf.Any` values and then convert decoded messages to JSON or plain objects with JSON conversion enabled, for example through `JSON.stringify(message)`, `Message#toJSON()`, or `Type.toObject(message, { json: true })`.\n\nApplications that only decode and re-encode protobuf binary data without converting decoded messages to JSON are not directly affected by this issue.\n\n## Preconditions\n\n* The application must decode protobuf binary data influenced by an attacker.\n* The application schema must include `google.protobuf.Any`, and the referenced `type_url` must resolve to a message type in the loaded protobuf root.\n* The application must convert the decoded message to JSON or a plain object through an affected conversion path.\n* The crafted input must contain deeply nested `Any` values that are expanded during conversion.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nAvoid converting untrusted protobuf messages containing `google.protobuf.Any` values to JSON with affected versions. If immediate upgrade is not possible, reject or limit messages with deeply nested `Any` payloads at an outer protocol boundary where feasible, avoid JSON conversion of untrusted `Any` values, or isolate message conversion in a process that can be safely restarted.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-06-15T17:30:15+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-10T03:51:09.6752796+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"protobufjs","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"7.6.1"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"protobufjs","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"8.0.0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"8.4.1"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/security/advisories/GHSA-wcpc-wj8m-hjx6","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-48712","https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-wcpc-wj8m-hjx6","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-wcpc-wj8m-hjx6","identifiers":["GHSA-wcpc-wj8m-hjx6","CVE-2026-48712"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[]}