{"id":"GHSA-xrw9-r35x-x878","revision":"d5019db30bff4f1a86b837fd05eda826","records":[{"revision":"d5019db30bff4f1a86b837fd05eda826","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-xrw9-r35x-x878","aliases":["CVE-2025-64102","GO-2025-4085"],"title":"Zitadel allows brute-forcing authentication factors","description":"### Summary\n\nA vulnerability in Zitadel allowed brute-force attack on OTP, TOTP and password allowing to impersonate the attacked user.\n\n### Impact\n\nAn attacker can perform an online brute-force attack on OTP, TOTP, and passwords. While Zitadel allows preventing online brute force attacks in scenarios like TOTP, Email OTP, or passwords using a lockout mechanism. The mechanism is not enabled by default and can cause a denial of service for the corresponding user if enabled. Additionally, the mitigation strategies were not fully implemented in the more recent resource-based APIs.\n\n### Affected Versions\n\nAll versions within the following ranges, including release candidates (RCs), are affected:\n- **4.x**: `4.0.0` to `4.4.0` (including RC versions)\n- **3.x**: `3.0.0` to `3.4.2` (including RC versions)\n- **2.x**: `v2.0.0` to `2.71.17`\n\n### Patches\n\nThe vulnerability has been addressed in the latest releases. The patch resolves the issue by enforcing the lockout policy on all OTP, TOTP and password checks. Additionally a “tar pit” has been introduced to slow down brute-force attacks by default. Zitadel responses will be delayed by t seconds, where t increases over the number of failed attempts within a given timeframe.\n\n4.x: Upgrade to >=[4.6.0](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v4.6.0)\n3.x: Update to >=[3.4.3](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v3.4.3)\n2.x: Update to >=[2.71.18](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.71.18)\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThe recommended solution is to update Zitadel to a patched version.\n\nThe problem might be mitigated by enabling the optional logout policy (\"Password maximum attempts\") or by implementing more strict rate limits.\n\n### Questions\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at [security@zitadel.com](mailto:security@zitadel.com)\n\n### Credits\n\nThis vulnerability was found by [zentrust partners GmbH](https://zentrust.partners) during a scheduled penetration test. Thank you to the analysts Martin Tschirsich, Joud Zakharia, Christopher Baumann.\nThe full report will be made public after the complete review.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2025-10-29T22:21:05+00:00","modifiedAt":"2025-11-05T22:13:38+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/zitadel/zitadel/v2","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"2.71.18"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null},{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/zitadel/zitadel","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.80.0-v2.20.0.20251029090735-b8db8cdf9cc8"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V4","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-xrw9-r35x-x878","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64102","https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/commit/b8db8cdf9cc8ea13f461758aef12457f8b7d972a","https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel","https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-4085"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-xrw9-r35x-x878","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-xrw9-r35x-x878","identifiers":["GHSA-xrw9-r35x-x878","CVE-2025-64102","GO-2025-4085"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[]}