{"id":"GO-2026-5575","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"7d705d286d5e4d75a75b4a43030d63e7","observedAt":"2026-10-23T15:48:27.903+00:00","statement":{"source":"cve-program","id":"CVE-2026-40868","aliases":[],"title":"kyverno apicall servicecall implicit bearer token injection leaks kyverno serviceaccount token","description":"Kyverno is a policy engine designed for cloud native platform engineering teams. Prior to 1.16.4, kyverno’s apiCall servicecall helper implicitly injects Authorization: Bearer ... using the kyverno controller serviceaccount token when a policy does not explicitly set an Authorization header. Because context.apiCall.service.url is policy-controlled, this can send the kyverno serviceaccount token to an attacker-controlled endpoint (confused deputy). Namespaced policies are blocked from servicecall usage by the namespaced urlPath gate in pkg/engine/apicall/apiCall.go, so this report is scoped to ClusterPolicy and global context usage. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.16.4.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-04-21T18:22:01.502+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-04-22T13:35:50.296+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Vendor product","name":"kyverno","ranges":[],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":"{\n                    \"vendor\": \"kyverno\",\n                    \"product\": \"kyverno\",\n                    \"versions\": [\n                        {\n                            \"version\": \"< 1.16.4\",\n                            \"status\": \"affected\"\n                        }\n                    ]\n                }"}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N","score":8.1,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/security/advisories/GHSA-q93q-v844-jrqp"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-40868","license":"CVE Program Terms of Use","key":"cve-program:CVE-2026-40868","identifiers":["CVE-2026-40868"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"7786b9b19aaf4e7d802e661d432c7347","observedAt":"2026-11-13T21:10:05.386+00:00","statement":{"source":"euvd","id":"EUVD-2026-24237","aliases":["CVE-2026-40868"],"title":"Kyverno is a policy engine designed for cloud native platform engineering teams. 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This vulnerability is fixed in 1.16.4.","state":0,"publishedAt":null,"modifiedAt":null,"affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"EUVD CVSS 3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N","score":8.1,"severity":null}],"references":["https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/security/advisories/GHSA-q93q-v844-jrqp"],"sourceUrl":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-24237","license":"ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":null,"weaknesses":[],"productCriteria":[],"sourceDates":{"datePublished":"Apr 21, 2026, 6:22:01 PM","dateUpdated":"Apr 22, 2026, 1:35:50 PM"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. 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Because context.apiCall.service.url is policy-controlled, this can send the kyverno serviceaccount token to an attacker-controlled endpoint (confused deputy). Namespaced policies are blocked from servicecall usage by the namespaced urlPath gate in pkg/engine/apicall/apiCall.go, so this report is scoped to ClusterPolicy and global context usage. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.16.4.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-04-21T19:16:18.42+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-11-11T23:10:00.263+00:00","affected":[],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS 3.1 · security-advisories@github.com · Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N","score":8.1,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/security/advisories/GHSA-q93q-v844-jrqp"],"sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40868","license":"NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained","enrichment":{"sourceStatus":"Analyzed","weaknesses":["CWE-922"],"productCriteria":["cpe:2.3:a:kyverno:kyverno:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"sourceDates":{"published":"2026-04-21T19:16:18.420","lastModified":"2026-11-11T23:10:00.263"},"relatedAdvisories":[],"note":"NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON."},"key":"nvd:CVE-2026-40868","identifiers":["CVE-2026-40868"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"3562159bf1da478ca0f8f9fa26733c92","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GHSA-q93q-v844-jrqp","aliases":["BIT-kyverno-2026-40868","CVE-2026-40868","GO-2026-5575"],"title":"kyverno apicall servicecall implicit bearer token injection leaks kyverno serviceaccount token","description":"kyverno’s apiCall servicecall helper implicitly injects `Authorization: Bearer ...` using the kyverno controller serviceaccount token when a policy does not explicitly set an Authorization header. because `context.apiCall.service.url` is policy-controlled, this can send the kyverno serviceaccount token to an attacker-controlled endpoint (confused deputy).\n\nnamespaced policies are blocked from servicecall usage by the namespaced `urlPath` gate in `pkg/engine/apicall/apiCall.go`, so this report is scoped to ClusterPolicy and global context usage.\n\n## attacker model\n\nthe attacker can create or update a ClusterPolicy (or create a GlobalContextEntry) which uses `context.apiCall.service.url` and can choose the request URL and headers. a cross-boundary framing for real deployments is gitops: if the policy repo/controller is compromised, the ClusterPolicy/global context entry becomes untrusted input to kyverno.\n\n## relevant links\n\n- repository: https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno\n- commit: 17aeb52337fd66adb0c8126213ba076612a287a7\n- callsite (token injection): https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/blob/17aeb52337fd66adb0c8126213ba076612a287a7/pkg/engine/apicall/executor.go#L150-L173\n- namespaced policy gate (servicecall blocked): https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/blob/17aeb52337fd66adb0c8126213ba076612a287a7/pkg/engine/apicall/apiCall.go#L67-L83\n\n## root cause\n\nin `(*executor).addHTTPHeaders`, kyverno reads the serviceaccount token from `/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token` and injects it when the outgoing request has no Authorization header:\n\n```go\nif req.Header.Get(\"Authorization\") == \"\" {\n  token := a.getToken()\n  if token != \"\" {\n    req.Header.Add(\"Authorization\", \"Bearer \"+token)\n  }\n}\n```\n\n## proof of concept\n\nthe attached `poc.zip` is a reproducible cluster PoC. it uses an in-cluster HTTP receiver which logs the Authorization header it receives. the PoC does not print token bytes; it only checks that the received header is non-empty and not equal to the negative control.\n\nrun (one command):\n\n```bash\nunzip poc.zip -d poc\ncd poc\nmake test\n```\n\ncanonical (expected: implicit token injection):\n\n```bash\nunzip poc.zip -d poc\ncd poc\nmake canonical\n```\n\nexpected output includes:\n\n```\n[CALLSITE_HIT]: executor.addHTTPHeaders Authorization==\"\" -> read_serviceaccount_token=true\n[PROOF_MARKER]: authorization_header_injected=true token_nonempty=true\n```\n\ncontrol (expected: explicit Authorization header disables auto-injection):\n\n```bash\nunzip poc.zip -d poc\ncd poc\nmake control\n```\n\nexpected output includes:\n\n```\n[CALLSITE_HIT]: executor.addHTTPHeaders Authorization!=\"\" -> autoinject_skipped=true\n[NC_MARKER]: authorization_header_injected=false\n```\n\noptional: the canonical run may also print an `[RBAC]: ...` line using `kubectl auth can-i` with the exfiltrated token, to show concrete privileges without exposing the token.\n\n## impact\n\ntoken exfiltration: the kyverno controller serviceaccount token is sent to a policy-controlled endpoint. impact depends on the rbac bound to that serviceaccount in the target deployment.\n\n## recommended fix\n\ndo not auto-inject the kyverno serviceaccount token into policy-controlled servicecall requests. require explicit Authorization configuration, or enforce a strict allowlist of destinations where credentials may be attached and document the behavior.\n\n## workarounds\n\n- avoid using servicecall to arbitrary urls in policies.\n- set an explicit Authorization header in servicecall policies to prevent implicit token injection.\n\n\n[poc.zip](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/25352288/poc.zip)\n[PR_DESCRIPTION.md](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/25352289/PR_DESCRIPTION.md)\n\noleh","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-04-14T20:09:00+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-10T03:51:02.7586697+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/kyverno/kyverno","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.17.0"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[{"system":"CVSS_V3","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N","score":null,"severity":null},{"system":"Publisher rating","vector":null,"score":null,"severity":"HIGH"}],"references":["https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/security/advisories/GHSA-q93q-v844-jrqp","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40868","https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno"],"sourceUrl":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-q93q-v844-jrqp","license":"GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0","key":"osv:GHSA-q93q-v844-jrqp","identifiers":["GHSA-q93q-v844-jrqp","BIT-kyverno-2026-40868","CVE-2026-40868","GO-2026-5575"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]},{"revision":"478144e2e5e8404e9555454c4d660c83","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:19:41.952+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"GO-2026-5575","aliases":["BIT-kyverno-2026-40868","CVE-2026-40868","GHSA-q93q-v844-jrqp"],"title":"kyverno apicall servicecall implicit bearer token injection leaks kyverno serviceaccount token in github.com/kyverno/kyverno","description":"kyverno apicall servicecall implicit bearer token injection leaks kyverno serviceaccount token in github.com/kyverno/kyverno","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-06-25T22:34:34+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-06-25T23:11:14.3164579+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"github.com/kyverno/kyverno","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"},{"kind":"fixed","version":"1.17.0"}]}],"versions":[],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[],"references":["https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/security/advisories/GHSA-q93q-v844-jrqp","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40868"],"sourceUrl":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2026-5575","license":"OSV · upstream source license applies","key":"osv:GO-2026-5575","identifiers":["GO-2026-5575","BIT-kyverno-2026-40868","CVE-2026-40868","GHSA-q93q-v844-jrqp"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; 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