{"id":"MAL-2026-17305","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"bce269da0bac4707944f1f913d9b5f50","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"MAL-2026-17305","aliases":[],"title":"Malicious code in esm-dotenv (npm)","description":"\n---\n_-= Per source details. Do not edit below this line.=-_\n\n## Source: amazon-inspector (55c5c67c48596e011158554f8b5ea57d65a8a8dc3b5f4120d3c9c4d1cf961da2)\nThe package advertises itself as a zero-dependency dotenv parser but its main entry `dist/index.cjs` and CLI bin `dist/cli.cjs` both invoke `dispatchAnalytics()` at top-level module load. That function reads `dist/stest.jpg`, walks the JPEG marker structure to extract the APP13 (0xED) segment as UTF-8, treats those bytes as a base64-encoded PowerShell command, writes a `relay_*.vbs` wrapper into `os.tmpdir()`, and spawns `wscript.exe` detached with `windowsHide:true` to launch `powershell.exe -NoProfile -NonInteractive -EncodedCommand <payload>`. The `powershell.exe` and `-EncodedCommand` strings are assembled from split-array joins (`[\"power\",\"shell\",\".exe\"].join(\"\")`) to evade static keyword scanners, and the payload bytes are hidden inside a JPEG segment rather than in JavaScript source. A second shipped loader, `dist/decode.js`, is heavily obfuscated (string-array + numeric-id lookup) and reconstructs code via RC4-style XOR of a base64 blob (~8 KB decoded) before executing it through `new Function('require','module','__filename','__dirname', <decoded>)`, providing an additional dynamic-code sink. The dropper fires the moment any Windows host imports the package.\n","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-09-30T01:28:18+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-30T01:45:10.5692685+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"esm-dotenv","ranges":[],"versions":["1.0.1"],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[],"references":["https://www.npmjs.com/package/esm-dotenv/v/1.0.1"],"sourceUrl":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/MAL-2026-17305","license":"OSV · upstream source license applies","key":"osv:MAL-2026-17305","identifiers":["MAL-2026-17305"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. Missing entries do not establish absence of exploitation.","generation":"2026-11-12T05:58:40.9203184+00:00","complete":true,"records":1779,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T05:58:40.9203184+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T05:58:41.095627+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T05:58:41.0956282+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"cve-program","scope":"Official CVE Program baseline and cumulative hourly delta; all vendors, published and rejected records","generation":"cve-64752486c567b55b31fb0d7225f5222bcd0019564ac0ac5f0649e242c7b19299-88a69dfec4d1b83d929ca06b957aa3a4484cd80632df1e27cf4c312635b2bedd","complete":true,"records":424594,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T05:56:53.4810169+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T05:56:53.4611758+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T05:56:53.4810169+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-12T05:28:30+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"euvd","scope":"Rolling EUVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global EUVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-dfa2c4aaec6f4aecad791663dd265c1b","complete":true,"records":13760,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T06:00:32.7256045+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T06:00:32.721+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T06:00:32.721+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13813,"expectedIdentifiers":13813,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"first-epss:nuget","scope":"FIRST EPSS for explicit CVE aliases in the collected public NuGet archive. Not a global EPSS backfill.","generation":"2026-11-12T05:58:40.9203184+00:00","complete":true,"records":1097,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T05:58:40.9203184+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T05:58:41.0963887+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T05:58:41.0963888+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"nvd","scope":"Rolling NVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global NVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-6b3a361b3e0f452d8ff70bd272635b35","complete":true,"records":13760,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T05:59:00.2510884+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T05:59:00.248+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T05:59:00.248+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13813,"expectedIdentifiers":13813,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"osv:Go","scope":"Complete OSV Go ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"go-3562b6c78fd1bd0f0b55daf66a0926ae24f65e462df7f6d928caad458fc696bf","complete":true,"records":9947,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T05:58:40.8633143+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-11T04:27:43.6877707+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T05:58:40.8633143+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-11T03:32:46+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:NuGet","scope":"Complete OSV NuGet ecosystem archive, including GitHub Advisory Database records; NuGet version matching only","generation":"nuget-456002455e0ab94bb92c95476d4e6d175c104cd594749982afd96c893728ecbc","complete":true,"records":2010,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T05:56:53.625749+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-11T02:36:58.1276999+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T05:56:53.625749+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-11T01:17:51+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:crates.io","scope":"Complete OSV crates.io ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"crates.io-baa8362b4daf9e5f39d5563775a55935e7b442c0735d33274a921579ce4a0d66","complete":true,"records":3093,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T05:58:40.8782632+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-11T13:00:02.5446881+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T05:58:40.8782632+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-11T12:47:47+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:npm","scope":"Complete OSV npm ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"npm-eb5176d73e87a862c4cae7484f3fd31f7d170139114b3e99e25926d661f6435b","complete":true,"records":231700,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T05:58:40.7363027+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T05:58:39.2691741+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T05:58:40.7363027+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-12T05:48:10+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null}]}