{"id":"MAL-2026-17393","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"fd79db8ee44f48f99179cbe6f7de1923","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"MAL-2026-17393","aliases":[],"title":"Malicious code in ishumdz-bail (npm)","description":"This package is part of a large family (100+ identified as of September 2026) of near-identical\nforks of the Baileys WhatsApp Web library that inject a covert channel-subscription action into\nthe WhatsApp socket layer. On connect, the injected code issues an authenticated `w:mex` FOLLOW\nquery (query_id 7871414976211147) against one or more attacker-chosen WhatsApp Channel/Newsletter\nJIDs, using the installer's own authenticated WhatsApp session -- silently subscribing the\nvictim's account to channels it never asked to join.\n\nThe target JID(s) are hidden from casual source review via one of several obfuscation techniques\nobserved across the family: a plain string literal, base64 encoding, base64+XOR, or a char-code\narray reconstructed at runtime. Some variants instead fetch a mutable, attacker-controlled remote\nJSON/JS list of target JIDs from GitHub or another host at runtime, letting the target list change\nafter installation without a new npm publish. Every sample in the family shares the same underlying\nmechanism (a wrapped/patched socket-connect routine that fires the FOLLOW query some seconds after\nconnect), even though the package name, JID value(s), and obfuscation/delivery method differ per\nfork.\n\nThe malicious action abuses the installer's own authenticated WhatsApp session to gain reach and\nsubscribers for attacker-controlled channels; it does not exfiltrate credentials, establish\npersistence, or execute arbitrary remote code.\n\nAffected package: ishumdz-bail (npm), version(s): 1.0.16, 1.0.15, 1.0.14, 1.0.13, 1.0.11, 1.0.10, 1.0.9, 1.0.8, 1.0.7, 1.0.6, 1.0.4, 1.0.3, 1.0.2, 1.0.1.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-09-30T09:57:36+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-09-30T10:32:25.4735939+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"ishumdz-bail","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"}]}],"versions":["1.0.16","1.0.15","1.0.14","1.0.13","1.0.11","1.0.10","1.0.9","1.0.8","1.0.7","1.0.6","1.0.4","1.0.3","1.0.2","1.0.1"],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[],"references":["https://www.ox.security/blog/phantomsub-malicious-npm-campaign-secretly-adds-users-to-whatsapp-spam-channels/"],"sourceUrl":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/MAL-2026-17393","license":"OSV · upstream source license applies","key":"osv:MAL-2026-17393","identifiers":["MAL-2026-17393"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. Missing entries do not establish absence of exploitation.","generation":"2026-11-12T04:59:02.1392693+00:00","complete":true,"records":1779,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T04:59:02.1392693+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T04:59:02.3201564+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T04:59:02.3201571+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"cve-program","scope":"Official CVE Program baseline and cumulative hourly delta; all vendors, published and rejected records","generation":"cve-64752486c567b55b31fb0d7225f5222bcd0019564ac0ac5f0649e242c7b19299-ef591e4f0e76c3b422ff0b88d5784af14d3e351e9edea517ce7d635ea6edee46","complete":true,"records":424594,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T04:56:44.8167998+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T04:56:44.7933175+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T04:56:44.8167998+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-12T04:29:08+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"euvd","scope":"Rolling EUVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global EUVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-1556443ae10949beb23dc0d6b75915ad","complete":false,"records":13760,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T05:06:06.4823798+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T05:06:06.472+00:00","error":"78 identifier lookups failed; latest failures include AccessDenied (HTTP 403). Other identifiers were checked independently.","lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T05:06:06.472+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13735,"expectedIdentifiers":13813,"failedIdentifiers":78},{"source":"first-epss:nuget","scope":"FIRST EPSS for explicit CVE aliases in the collected public NuGet archive. Not a global EPSS backfill.","generation":"2026-11-12T04:59:02.1392693+00:00","complete":true,"records":1097,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T04:59:02.1392693+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T04:59:02.3208823+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T04:59:02.3208825+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"nvd","scope":"Rolling NVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global NVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-80af9ca000ef483a88b41952aab63f47","complete":true,"records":13760,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T04:59:27.4436031+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T04:59:27.44+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T04:59:27.44+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13813,"expectedIdentifiers":13813,"failedIdentifiers":0},{"source":"osv:Go","scope":"Complete OSV Go ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"go-3562b6c78fd1bd0f0b55daf66a0926ae24f65e462df7f6d928caad458fc696bf","complete":true,"records":9947,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T04:59:01.6490656+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-11T04:27:43.6877707+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T04:59:01.6490656+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-11T03:32:46+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:NuGet","scope":"Complete OSV NuGet ecosystem archive, including GitHub Advisory Database records; NuGet version matching only","generation":"nuget-456002455e0ab94bb92c95476d4e6d175c104cd594749982afd96c893728ecbc","complete":true,"records":2010,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T04:56:44.9519384+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-11T02:36:58.1276999+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T04:56:44.9519384+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-11T01:17:51+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:crates.io","scope":"Complete OSV crates.io ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"crates.io-baa8362b4daf9e5f39d5563775a55935e7b442c0735d33274a921579ce4a0d66","complete":true,"records":3093,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T04:59:02.0419805+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-11T13:00:02.5446881+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T04:59:02.0419805+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-11T12:47:47+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"osv:npm","scope":"Complete OSV npm ecosystem archive, including withdrawn and malicious-package source records; statement counts are not unique CVE counts","generation":"npm-fda6475739002437b659ab0b5b310aa7608c40371b1aa4c3777924ea9bcf2169","complete":true,"records":231696,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-12T04:59:01.5212948+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-12T04:58:59.9809674+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-12T04:59:01.5212948+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-12T04:33:21+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null}]}