{"id":"MAL-2026-17447","revision":null,"records":[{"revision":"dc22afc9e39f4107afad1ef0b6ceaf83","observedAt":"2026-10-24T13:17:17.793+00:00","statement":{"source":"osv","id":"MAL-2026-17447","aliases":[],"title":"Malicious code in mikuhostt-baileys (npm)","description":"This package is a fork of the Baileys WhatsApp Web library (npm) and belongs to the \"PhantomSub\" family described by OX Security in September 2026: the publisher injected code that, without the installer asking, uses the installer's own authenticated WhatsApp session to subscribe that account to WhatsApp Channels (newsletters) the publisher chose, by sending the WhatsApp `w:mex` FOLLOW query (query_id 7871414976211147) for each target channel JID.\n\n`package/lib/Defaults/index.js` lines 78-80 ship the defaults `autoFollowNewsletterOnConnect: true`, `autoFollowNewsletterDelayMs: 90000` and `autoFollowNewsletterJid: \"120363400911374213@newsletter\"` (a plain string literal, repeated as the fallback constant at `package/lib/Socket/newsletter.js` line 11). `package/lib/Socket/index.js` line 11 calls `triggerAutoFollow` (`newsletter.js` line 428) on every socket; 90 seconds after the connection opens, `runAutoFollow` (line 66) sends a raw `w:mex` IQ with `query_id: QueryIds.FOLLOW` (line 96) for that JID, retrying up to three times. The README lists \"Auto-follow\" only as a feature in a comparison table; it does not say that the library follows the publisher's channel by default.\n\nLine numbers refer to version 1.0.2; the same code is present in every published version listed under `affected`.\n\nStatic review of the published tarball(s) found no code that sends WhatsApp credentials or session keys off-host, no install-time payload (the only install hook is Baileys' stock Node.js version check in `engine-requirements.js`), and no persistence; the payload runs when an application creates a WhatsApp socket with the library. The harm is the covert use of the victim's account to inflate the publisher's channel subscribers.\n\nSHA-256 of the published npm tarball(s): 1.0.0: `ae25a50a962aa412cc1b5dcccff38a2e6afb992f4866134f8aa40c2725dffd8c`; 1.0.1: `4a5936d4a37e16ccf40ff141e45f316d65a3758247b68c91c8c7031541c11f3c`; 1.0.2: `3e3e234f570aa598f9f77cc55fa874a65e4f966421660506d5d6b02a174a31d2`.","state":0,"publishedAt":"2026-10-01T23:05:37+00:00","modifiedAt":"2026-10-02T05:30:06.3522989+00:00","affected":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"mikuhostt-baileys","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"kind":"introduced","version":"0"}]}],"versions":["1.0.0","1.0.1","1.0.2"],"rawVersionEvidence":null}],"metrics":[],"references":["https://www.ox.security/blog/phantomsub-malicious-npm-campaign-secretly-adds-users-to-whatsapp-spam-channels/","https://www.npmjs.com/package/mikuhostt-baileys"],"sourceUrl":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/MAL-2026-17447","license":"OSV · upstream source license applies","key":"osv:MAL-2026-17447","identifiers":["MAL-2026-17447"]},"retained":false,"historicalAffected":[]}],"coverage":[{"source":"cisa-kev:global","scope":"Complete CISA KEV catalog; all vendors. Missing entries do not establish absence of exploitation.","generation":"2026-11-11T20:58:42.4460032+00:00","complete":true,"records":1779,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-11T20:58:42.4460032+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-11T20:58:42.6009016+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-11T20:58:42.6009024+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"cve-program","scope":"Official CVE Program baseline and cumulative hourly delta; all vendors, published and rejected records","generation":"cve-de3b77103708811b6494d2ff7c979037d73ae579742cd1649a5c765137ae5083-bc2564cf749a574ebe6216cd53b2772c98ccf01e107d9e465c7cb9637c59db40","complete":true,"records":424281,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-11T20:56:40.1262638+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-11T19:56:47.8167322+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-11T20:56:40.1262638+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":"2026-11-11T19:18:45+00:00","importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"euvd","scope":"Rolling EUVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global EUVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. No reader inventory is sent.","generation":"enrichment-cbeeeca22e4a4c188e95cc4f8cfc6560","complete":false,"records":13759,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-11T21:08:58.0161049+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-11T21:08:58.011+00:00","error":"249 identifier lookups failed; latest failures include AccessDenied (HTTP 403). Other identifiers were checked independently.","lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-11T21:08:58.011+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":13368,"expectedIdentifiers":13813,"failedIdentifiers":249},{"source":"first-epss:nuget","scope":"FIRST EPSS for explicit CVE aliases in the collected public NuGet archive. Not a global EPSS backfill.","generation":"2026-11-11T20:58:42.4460032+00:00","complete":true,"records":1097,"lastAttemptAt":"2026-11-11T20:58:42.4460032+00:00","lastSuccessAt":"2026-11-11T20:58:42.6018487+00:00","error":null,"lastVerifiedAt":"2026-11-11T20:58:42.6018491+00:00","snapshotPublishedAt":null,"importing":false,"stagedRecords":0,"checkedIdentifiers":null,"expectedIdentifiers":null,"failedIdentifiers":null},{"source":"nvd","scope":"Rolling NVD lookups of CVE aliases in current public OSV archives; 500 identifiers per refresh, rechecked after 48 hours. Not a global NVD catalog. Successful not-found lookups count as checked; they do not imply withdrawal or safety. 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