Vue I18n: `escapeParameter` does not escape named values when the same call also passes a list

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Vue I18n is the internationalization plugin for Vue.js. From 9.0.0-beta.5 until 11.4.14 and 12.0.0-alpha.5, enabling escapeParameter, called escapeParameterHtml in the Legacy API, does not escape named interpolation values when the same translation call supplies both list and named values because escapeParams() processes only the list branch. Applications that render translations as HTML and pass untrusted named values with a list can insert attacker-controlled markup, including phishing links, forms, and layout changes, and can permit script execution when combined with the srcdoc sanitizer bypass or on releases without the sanitizer. This issue is fixed in versions 11.4.14 and 12.0.0-alpha.5.

Source published

28 Oct 2026 18:20:14 UTC

Source modified

30 Oct 2026 14:19:32 UTC

Observed here

30 Oct 2026 15:45:26 UTC

Source terms

CVE Program Terms of Use

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This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: cve-program · CVE Program Terms of Use. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 4.0 · 2.1 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N

Vue I18n is the internationalization plugin for Vue.js. From 9.0.0-beta.5 until 11.4.14 and 12.0.0-alpha.5, enabling escapeParameter, called escapeParameterHtml in the Legacy API, does not escape named interpolation values when the same translation call supplies both list and named values because escapeParams() processes only the list branch. Applications that render translations as HTML and pass untrusted named values with a list can insert attacker-controlled markup, including phishing links, forms, and layout changes, and can permit script execution when combined with the srcdoc sanitizer bypass or on releases without the sanitizer. This issue is fixed in versions 11.4.14 and 12.0.0-alpha.5.

Source published

Oct 28, 2026, 6:20:14 PM (timezone not stated)

Source modified

Oct 30, 2026, 2:19:32 PM (timezone not stated)

Observed here

6 Nov 2026 00:45:08 UTC

Source terms

ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply

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This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: euvd · ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

EUVD CVSS 4.0 · 2.1 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N

Vue I18n is the internationalization plugin for Vue.js. From 9.0.0-beta.5 until 11.4.14 and 12.0.0-alpha.5, enabling escapeParameter, called escapeParameterHtml in the Legacy API, does not escape named interpolation values when the same translation call supplies both list and named values because escapeParams() processes only the list branch. Applications that render translations as HTML and pass untrusted named values with a list can insert attacker-controlled markup, including phishing links, forms, and layout changes, and can permit script execution when combined with the srcdoc sanitizer bypass or on releases without the sanitizer. This issue is fixed in versions 11.4.14 and 12.0.0-alpha.5.

Source published

28 Oct 2026 19:17:30 UTC

Source modified

30 Oct 2026 15:16:47 UTC

Observed here

30 Oct 2026 22:45:44 UTC

Source terms

NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: nvd · NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 4.0 · [email protected] · Secondary · 2.1 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

### Summary When `escapeParameter` is enabled (`escapeParameterHtml` in the Legacy API), Vue I18n escapes the interpolation parameters before formatting a message. `escapeParams()` escapes either the list values or the named values, but not both: the two branches are joined by `else`. When a single call passes both, for example `t(key, ['...'], { named: { ... } })`, the named values reach the message without being escaped. ### Details `escapeParams()` in [`packages/core-base/src/translate.ts` (v11.4.13)](https://github.com/intlify/vue-i18n/blob/v11.4.13/packages/core-base/src/translate.ts): ```ts function escapeParams(options: TranslateOptions) { if (isArray(options.list)) { options.list = options.list.map(item => (isString(item) ? escapeHtml(item) : item)) } else if (isObject(options.named)) { // ...escapes the named values } } ``` `t(key, list, options)` is a public overload, and `TranslateOptions` has a `named` field, so a call can carry both. The list is checked first, and the named values are then left as they are. The translated string still goes through `sanitizeTranslatedHtml()` (added for CVE-2025-53892), which neutralizes event handler attributes and `javascript:` URLs. Other markup in the named values, such as links and forms, is inserted as is. Before the fix for GHSA-83rm-6c8r-g728, an `<iframe srcdoc>` in a named value also passes the sanitizer, and script runs. Versions without the sanitizer (before 9.14.5, 10.0.8 and 11.1.10, and 12.0.0-alpha.1 to alpha.3) insert the named values as HTML without any further check. `<i18n-t>` is not affected: it passes either list or named values, never both, and it does not render translations as HTML. ### PoC ```js import { createI18n } from 'vue-i18n' const i18n = createI18n({ legacy: false, locale: 'en', escapeParameter: true, messages: { en: { withList: '{0} {name}', withoutList: '{name}' } } }) const t = i18n.global.t t('withoutList', { name: '<b>x</b>' }) // &lt;b&gt;x&lt;&#x2F;b&gt; escaped t('withList', ['a'], { named: { name: '<b>x</b>' } }) // a <b>x</b> not escaped (v11.4.13) ``` ### Impact Applications are affected when they enable `escapeParameter`, render translations as HTML (for example with `v-html`), and pass untrusted named values in the same call as a list. The named values are inserted as markup: phishing links, forms, or layout changes. Together with GHSA-83rm-6c8r-g728, or on versions without the sanitizer, this leads to script execution (DOM-based XSS). ### Patches Fixed in 11.4.14 and 12.0.0-alpha.5. `escapeParams()` now escapes both the list and the named values. The fix also stops rewriting the named object that the caller passes. Before, the values of that object were replaced with their escaped form, so a second call with the same object escaped them twice. v9 and v10 are no longer supported and will not be fixed. Please migrate to v11. ### Workarounds - Do not pass list and named values in the same call when `escapeParameter` is enabled. - Do not render translations that can contain untrusted values with `v-html`. Use component interpolation (`<i18n-t>`) instead.

Source published

28 Oct 2026 21:06:34 UTC

Source modified

28 Oct 2026 21:15:04 UTC

Observed here

28 Oct 2026 21:55:29 UTC

Source terms

GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: osv · GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS_V4 · CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N

Publisher rating · LOW