Actual has Privilege Escalation via 'change-password' Endpoint on OpenID-Migrated Servers

CISA KEV is observed exploitation evidence. FIRST EPSS is a dated prediction of exploitation in the next 30 days. Missing scores are unknown. This collector requests predictions only for explicit CVE aliases in the public NuGet archive; Microsoft release views retain their existing prediction scope.

No collected risk observation for these identifiers. This does not establish absence of exploitation or a zero probability.

Actual is a local-first personal finance tool. Prior to version 26.4.0, any authenticated user (including `BASIC` role) can escalate to `ADMIN` on servers migrated from password authentication to OpenID Connect. Three weaknesses combine: `POST /account/change-password` has no authorization check, allowing any session to overwrite the password hash; the inactive password `auth` row is never removed on migration; and the login endpoint accepts a client-supplied `loginMethod` that bypasses the server's active auth configuration. Together these allow an attacker to set a known password and authenticate as the anonymous admin account created during the multiuser migration. The three weaknesses form a single, sequential exploit chain — none produces privilege escalation on its own. Missing authorization on POST /change-password allows overwriting a password hash, but only matters if there is an orphaned row to target. Orphaned password row persisting after migration provides the target row, but is harmless without the ability to authenticate using it. Client-controlled loginMethod: "password" allows forcing password-based auth, but is useless without a known hash established by step 1. All three must be chained in sequence to achieve the impact. No single weakness independently results in privilege escalation. The single root cause is the missing authorization check on /change-password; the other two are preconditions that make it exploitable. Version 26.4.0 contains a fix.

Source published

24 Apr 2026 02:13:47 UTC

Source modified

25 Apr 2026 01:44:08 UTC

Observed here

23 Oct 2026 15:48:27 UTC

Source terms

CVE Program Terms of Use

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: cve-program · CVE Program Terms of Use. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 3.1 · 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Actual is a local-first personal finance tool. Prior to version 26.4.0, any authenticated user (including `BASIC` role) can escalate to `ADMIN` on servers migrated from password authentication to OpenID Connect. Three weaknesses combine: `POST /account/change-password` has no authorization check, allowing any session to overwrite the password hash; the inactive password `auth` row is never removed on migration; and the login endpoint accepts a client-supplied `loginMethod` that bypasses the server's active auth configuration. Together these allow an attacker to set a known password and authenticate as the anonymous admin account created during the multiuser migration. The three weaknesses form a single, sequential exploit chain — none produces privilege escalation on its own. Missing authorization on POST /change-password allows overwriting a password hash, but only matters if there is an orphaned row to target. Orphaned password row persisting after migration provides the target row, but is harmless without the ability to authenticate using it. Client-controlled loginMethod: "password" allows forcing password-based auth, but is useless without a known hash established by step 1. All three must be chained in sequence to achieve the impact. No single weakness independently results in privilege escalation. The single root cause is the missing authorization check on /change-password; the other two are preconditions that make it exploitable. Version 26.4.0 contains a fix.

Source published

Apr 24, 2026, 2:13:47 AM (timezone not stated)

Source modified

Apr 25, 2026, 1:44:08 AM (timezone not stated)

Observed here

1 Nov 2026 05:13:10 UTC

Source terms

ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: euvd · ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

EUVD CVSS 3.1 · 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Actual is a local-first personal finance tool. Prior to version 26.4.0, any authenticated user (including `BASIC` role) can escalate to `ADMIN` on servers migrated from password authentication to OpenID Connect. Three weaknesses combine: `POST /account/change-password` has no authorization check, allowing any session to overwrite the password hash; the inactive password `auth` row is never removed on migration; and the login endpoint accepts a client-supplied `loginMethod` that bypasses the server's active auth configuration. Together these allow an attacker to set a known password and authenticate as the anonymous admin account created during the multiuser migration. The three weaknesses form a single, sequential exploit chain — none produces privilege escalation on its own. Missing authorization on POST /change-password allows overwriting a password hash, but only matters if there is an orphaned row to target. Orphaned password row persisting after migration provides the target row, but is harmless without the ability to authenticate using it. Client-controlled loginMethod: "password" allows forcing password-based auth, but is useless without a known hash established by step 1. All three must be chained in sequence to achieve the impact. No single weakness independently results in privilege escalation. The single root cause is the missing authorization check on /change-password; the other two are preconditions that make it exploitable. Version 26.4.0 contains a fix.

Source published

24 Apr 2026 03:16:11 UTC

Source modified

26 Oct 2026 21:10:00 UTC

Observed here

27 Oct 2026 09:02:50 UTC

Source terms

NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: nvd · NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 3.1 · [email protected] · Secondary · 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

### Summary Any authenticated user (including `BASIC` role) can escalate to `ADMIN` on servers migrated from password authentication to OpenID Connect. Three weaknesses combine: `POST /account/change-password` has no authorization check, allowing any session to overwrite the password hash; the inactive password `auth` row is never removed on migration; and the login endpoint accepts a client-supplied `loginMethod` that bypasses the server's active auth configuration. Together these allow an attacker to set a known password and authenticate as the anonymous admin account created during the multiuser migration. --- ### Details **`packages/sync-server/src/app-account.js:120-132`** — the `/account/change-password` route validates only that a session exists. No admin role check is performed ```js app.post('/change-password', (req, res) => { const session = validateSession(req, res); // only checks token validity if (!session) return; const { error } = changePassword(req.body.password); // no isAdmin() check ``` **`packages/sync-server/src/accounts/password.js:113-125`** — `changePassword()` updates the hash with no current-password confirmation: ```js export function changePassword(newPassword) { accountDb.mutate("UPDATE auth SET extra_data = ? WHERE method = 'password'", [hashed]); } ``` **`packages/sync-server/src/accounts/password.js:56-62`** — `loginWithPassword()` always authenticates as the user with `user_name = ''`, which is created by the multiuser migration with `role = 'ADMIN'`: ```js const sessionRow = accountDb.first( 'SELECT * FROM sessions WHERE auth_method = ?', ['password'] ); ``` **`packages/sync-server/src/account-db.js:56-63`** — a client can force the `password` login method regardless of server configuration by sending `loginMethod` in the request body: ```js if (req.body.loginMethod && config.get('allowedLoginMethods').includes(req.body.loginMethod)) { return req.body.loginMethod; } ``` When a server is migrated from password → OpenID via `enableOpenID()`, the password row is set to `active = 0` but **never deleted**, leaving it available for exploitation. --- ### PoC **Prerequisites:** Server originally bootstrapped with password auth, then switched to OpenID. Default `allowedLoginMethods` configuration (includes `password`). Attacker has any valid OpenID session token (any role). ```bash # Step 1 — overwrite the password hash using a BASIC-role session curl -s -X POST https://<host>/account/change-password \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -H "X-Actual-Token: <any_valid_session_token>" \ -d '{"password": "attacker123"}' # → {"status":"ok","data":{}} # Step 2 — log in via password method to obtain an ADMIN session curl -s -X POST https://<host>/account/login \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -d '{"loginMethod": "password", "password": "attacker123"}' # → {"status":"ok","data":{"token":"<admin_token>"}} ``` The returned token belongs to the `user_name = ''` admin account (created by `1719409568000-multiuser.js`). Verify admin access: ```bash curl -s https://<host>/account/validate \ -H "X-Actual-Token: <admin_token>" # → {"status":"ok","data":{"permission":"ADMIN", ...}} ``` --- ### Impact **Privilege escalation** — any authenticated user can gain full `ADMIN` access on affected deployments. An ADMIN can manage all users, access all budget files regardless of ownership, modify file access controls, and change server configuration. Affected deployments: multi-user servers running OpenID Connect that were previously configured with password authentication. Servers bootstrapped exclusively with OpenID from initial setup are not affected (no password row exists in the `auth` table). --- ### Recommendations **1. Restrict `POST /account/change-password` to password-authenticated sessions only** (`packages/sync-server/src/app-account.js`) The endpoint should reject requests from sessions that were authenticated via OpenID. The active auth method can be checked against the session's `auth_method` field or by querying the `auth` table for the currently active method. If the server is running in OpenID mode, this endpoint should return `403 Forbidden`. **2. Require current-password confirmation before accepting a new password** (`packages/sync-server/src/accounts/password.js`) `changePassword()` should accept the current password as a parameter and verify it against the stored hash before applying the update. This prevents any session (even a legitimate password session) from silently overwriting the credential without proving possession of the existing one. **3. Enforce `active` status and remove client control over login method selection** (`packages/sync-server/src/account-db.js` — `getLoginMethod()`) Two issues exist in `getLoginMethod()`: (a) a client can supply `loginMethod` in the request body to select any method listed in `allowedLoginMethods`, regardless of whether it is currently active on the server; (b) the function does not check the `active` column, so an administratively disabled method (e.g. `password` after migrating to OpenID) remains accessible. The fix is to determine the permitted method server-side from `WHERE active = 1` in the `auth` table and ignore any client-supplied `loginMethod` override entirely. Servers intentionally running both methods simultaneously can be supported by allowing multiple `active = 1` rows rather than relying on client input. **4. Immediate mitigation for existing deployments (OpenID-only servers)** Administrators who have fully migrated to OpenID and do not need password auth can remove the orphaned row: ```sql DELETE FROM auth WHERE method = 'password'; ``` #### The three weaknesses form a single, sequential exploit chain — none produces privilege escalation on its own: Missing authorization on POST /change-password — allows overwriting a password hash, but only matters if there is an orphaned row to target. Orphaned password row persisting after migration — provides the target row, but is harmless without the ability to authenticate using it. Client-controlled loginMethod: "password" — allows forcing password-based auth, but is useless without a known hash established by step 1. All three must be chained in sequence to achieve the impact. No single weakness independently results in privilege escalation, which under CVE CNA rule 4.1.2 means they should not each be treated as standalone vulnerabilities. The single root cause is the missing authorization check on /change-password; the other two are preconditions that make it exploitable. A single CVE reflecting that root cause is the appropriate representation — splitting them would falsely imply each carries independent risk.

Source published

23 Apr 2026 21:23:38 UTC

Source modified

5 May 2026 16:09:49 UTC

Observed here

24 Oct 2026 13:17:17 UTC

Source terms

GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: osv · GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS_V3 · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Publisher rating · HIGH