Nitro: Open Redirect via Protocol-Relative URL Bypass in Wildcard Route Rules

CISA KEV is observed exploitation evidence. FIRST EPSS is a dated prediction of exploitation in the next 30 days. Missing scores are unknown. This collector requests predictions only for explicit CVE aliases in the public NuGet archive; Microsoft release views retain their existing prediction scope.

No collected risk observation for these identifiers. This does not establish absence of exploitation or a zero probability.

Nitro is a next generation server toolkit. Prior to 3.0.260429-beta, an attacker could turn a redirect route rule using wildcards rewrite into a cross-host redirect by sliding an extra slash in after the rule prefix. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.0.260429-beta.

Source published

13 May 2026 20:30:44 UTC

Source modified

14 May 2026 15:47:06 UTC

Observed here

23 Oct 2026 15:48:27 UTC

Source terms

CVE Program Terms of Use

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CVSS 4.0 · 5.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

Nitro is a next generation server toolkit. Prior to 3.0.260429-beta, an attacker could turn a redirect route rule using wildcards rewrite into a cross-host redirect by sliding an extra slash in after the rule prefix. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.0.260429-beta.

Source published

May 13, 2026, 8:30:44 PM (timezone not stated)

Source modified

May 14, 2026, 3:47:06 PM (timezone not stated)

Observed here

28 Oct 2026 06:07:23 UTC

Source terms

ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply

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EUVD CVSS 4.0 · 5.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

Nitro is a next generation server toolkit. Prior to 3.0.260429-beta, an attacker could turn a redirect route rule using wildcards rewrite into a cross-host redirect by sliding an extra slash in after the rule prefix. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.0.260429-beta.

Source published

13 May 2026 21:16:47 UTC

Source modified

26 Oct 2026 14:10:00 UTC

Observed here

27 Oct 2026 11:12:09 UTC

Source terms

NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained

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This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: nvd · NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 4.0 · [email protected] · Secondary · 5.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

CVSS 3.1 · [email protected] · Primary · 6.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

A redirect route rule like: ```ts routeRules: { "/legacy/**": { redirect: "/**" } } ``` is intended to rewrite paths within the same host. Before the patch, an attacker could turn the rewrite into a cross-host redirect by sliding an extra slash in after the rule prefix. Example exploit: ``` GET /legacy//evil.com ``` Nitro stripped `/legacy` from the matched pathname and joined the remainder against the rule's target. The remainder was `//evil.com`, which the join preserved verbatim, so Nitro responded with `Location: //evil.com`. Browsers resolve `//evil.com` as a protocol-relative URL against the current scheme, sending the user to `https://evil.com`. ### Are you affected? Users may be affected if **all** of the following are true: 1. Their project uses Nitro's `routeRules` with a `redirect` entry. 2. The target uses a `/**` wildcard suffix to forward sub-paths (e.g. `redirect: "/**"`, `redirect: "/new/**"`, `proxy: { to: "http://upstream/**" }`). 3. The `redirect` rule is _not_ handled natively at the CDN layer. The `vercel`, `netlify`, `cloudflare-pages`, and `edgeone` presets translate `routeRules.redirect` into platform config (`vercel.json`, `_redirects`, EdgeOne v3 config) and serve the redirect at the edge — those deployments bypass the Nitro runtime entirely and are not affected. Every other preset executes the redirect through the Nitro runtime and can be vulnerable. ## Impact Open redirect from any host serving Nitro with a wildcard `redirect` rule. The redirect target is fully attacker-controlled, the URL looks legitimate (it starts with the victim's domain), and the browser silently follows it. ## Patched versions Upgrade to one of: - [2.13.4](https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/releases/tag/v2.13.4) or later (or upgrade lockfile with latest ufo 1.6.4+) - [3.0.260429-beta](https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/releases/tag/v3.0.260429-beta) or later (https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/pull/4236) The fix has two parts: 1. `ufo` is bumped to `^1.6.4` ([unjs/ufo@5cd9e67](https://github.com/unjs/ufo/commit/5cd9e676711af3f4e4b5398ddf6ca8d52c1c7e1f)), which collapses any run of leading slashes to a single `/` inside `withoutBase`. This covers the typical `"/scope/**"` rule. 2. The Nitro runtime additionally collapses leading `//` before joining when the rule path itself is `/**` (in rare case which case `withoutBase` is never called and the raw pathname flows straight into `joinURL("", …)`).

Source published

6 May 2026 23:02:45 UTC

Source modified

9 Jun 2026 02:15:07 UTC

Observed here

24 Oct 2026 13:17:17 UTC

Source terms

GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0

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This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: osv · GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS_V3 · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS_V4 · CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

Publisher rating · MODERATE